Getting dataset metadata using INFORMATION_SCHEMA

は、

ベータ版 です。

これは、BigQuery INFORMATION_SCHEMA のベータ版リリースです。 この機能は下位互換性のない方法で変更される可能性があり、と は、SLA または非推奨ポリシーの対象ではありません。

INFORMATION_SCHEMA is a series of views that provide access to metadata about datasets, tables, and views.

You can query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA and INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS views to retrieve metadata about datasets in a project.

Required permissions

To get information or metadata about a dataset, you must be assigned the dataset-level READER role, or you must be assigned a project-level IAM role that includes bigquery.datasets.get permissions. All predefined, project-level IAM roles include bigquery.datasets.get permissions except for bigquery.jobUser.

For more information on IAM roles and permissions in BigQuery, see Access Control. For more information on dataset-level roles, see Primitive roles for datasets.

SCHEMATA view

When you query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA view, the query results contain one row for each dataset in a project to which the current user has access.

The INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA view has the following schema:

Column name	Data type	Value
CATALOG_NAME	STRING	The name of the project that contains the dataset
SCHEMA_NAME	STRING	The dataset's name (also referred to as the datasetId)
SCHEMA_OWNER	STRING	The value is always NULL
CREATION_TIME	TIMESTAMP	The dataset's creation time
LAST_MODIFIED_TIME	TIMESTAMP	The dataset's last modified time
LOCATION	STRING	The dataset's geographic location

Examples

The following example retrieves all columns from the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA view except for schema_owner which is reserved for future use. The metadata returned is for all datasets in the default project — myproject.

To run the query against a project other than your default project, add the project ID to the dataset in the following format: `[PROJECT_ID]`.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.[VIEW] for example, `myproject`.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA.

To run the query:

Console

1. Open the BigQuery web UI in the GCP Console.

   Go to the BigQuery web UI

2. Enter the following standard SQL query in the Query editor box. INFORMATION_SCHEMA requires standard SQL syntax. Standard SQL is the default syntax in the GCP Console.

   SELECT
    * EXCEPT(schema_owner)
   FROM
    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA
   

   Note: INFORMATION_SCHEMA view names are case-sensitive.

3. Click Run.

Command-line

Use the query command and specify standard SQL syntax by using the --nouse_legacy_sql or --use_legacy_sql=false flag. Standard SQL syntax is required for INFORMATION_SCHEMA queries.

To run the query, enter:

bq query --nouse_legacy_sql \
'SELECT * EXCEPT(schema_owner) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA'

The results should look like the following:

  +----------------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+
  |  catalog_name  |  schema_name  |    creation_time    | last_modified_time  |    location     |
  +----------------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+
  | myproject      | mydataset1    | 2018-11-07 19:50:24 | 2018-11-07 19:50:24 | US              |
  | myproject      | mydataset2    | 2018-07-16 04:24:22 | 2018-07-16 04:24:22 | US              |
  | myproject      | mydataset3    | 2018-02-07 21:08:45 | 2018-05-01 23:32:53 | asia-northeast1 |
  +----------------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+
  

SCHEMATA_OPTIONS view

When you query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS view, the query results contain one row for each dataset in a project to which the current user has access.

The INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS view has the following schema:

Column name	Data type	Value
CATALOG_NAME	STRING	The name of the project that contains the dataset
SCHEMA_NAME	STRING	The dataset's name (also referred to as the datasetId)
OPTION_NAME	STRING	One of the name values in the options table
OPTION_TYPE	STRING	One of the data type values in the options table
OPTION_VALUE	STRING	One of the value options in the options table

Options table

OPTION_NAME	OPTION_TYPE	OPTION_VALUE
default_table_expiration_days	FLOAT64	The default lifetime, in days, of all tables in the dataset
friendly_name	STRING	The dataset's descriptive name
description	STRING	A description of the dataset
labels	ARRAY<STRUCT<STRING, STRING>>	An array of STRUCT's that represent the labels on the dataset

Examples

Example 1:

The following example retrieves the default table expiration times for all datasets in your default project (myproject) by querying the INFORMATION_SCHEMATA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS view.

To run the query against a project other than your default project, add the project ID to the dataset in the following format: `[PROJECT_ID]`.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.[VIEW] for example, `myproject`.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS.

To run the query:

Console

1. Open the BigQuery web UI in the GCP Console.

   Go to the BigQuery web UI

2. Enter the following standard SQL query in the Query editor box. INFORMATION_SCHEMA requires standard SQL syntax. Standard SQL is the default syntax in the GCP Console.

   SELECT
    *
   FROM
    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS
   WHERE
    option_name="default_table_expiration_days"
   

   Note: INFORMATION_SCHEMA view names are case-sensitive.

3. Click Run.

Command-line

Use the query command and specify standard SQL syntax by using the --nouse_legacy_sql or --use_legacy_sql=false flag. Standard SQL syntax is required for INFORMATION_SCHEMA queries.

To run the query, enter:

bq query --nouse_legacy_sql \
'SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS
WHERE option_name="default_table_expiration_days"'

The results should look like the following:

  +----------------+---------------+-------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
  |  catalog_name  |  schema_name  |          option_name          | option_type |    option_value     |
  +----------------+---------------+-------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
  | myproject      | mydataset3    | default_table_expiration_days | FLOAT64     | 0.08333333333333333 |
  | myproject      | mydataset2    | default_table_expiration_days | FLOAT64     | 90.0                |
  | myproject      | mydataset1    | default_table_expiration_days | FLOAT64     | 30.0                |
  +----------------+---------------+-------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
  

Note: 0.08333333333333333 is the floating point representation of 2 hours.

Example 2:

The following example retrieves the labels for all datasets in your default project (myproject) by querying the INFORMATION_SCHEMATA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS view.

To run the query against a project other than your default project, add the project ID to the dataset in the following format: `[PROJECT_ID]`.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.[VIEW] for example, `myproject`.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS.

To run the query:

Console

1. Open the BigQuery web UI in the GCP Console.

   Go to the BigQuery web UI

2. Enter the following standard SQL query in the Query editor box. INFORMATION_SCHEMA requires standard SQL syntax. Standard SQL is the default syntax in the GCP Console.

   SELECT
    *
   FROM
    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS
   WHERE
    option_name="labels"
   

   Note: INFORMATION_SCHEMA view names are case-sensitive.

3. Click Run.

Command-line

Use the query command and specify standard SQL syntax by using the --nouse_legacy_sql or --use_legacy_sql=false flag. Standard SQL syntax is required for INFORMATION_SCHEMA queries.

To run the query, enter:

bq query --nouse_legacy_sql \
'SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA_OPTIONS
WHERE option_name="labels"'

The results should look like the following:

  +----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------------------------+------------------------+
  |  catalog_name  |  schema_name  | option_name |          option_type            |      option_value      |
  +----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------------------------+------------------------+
  | myproject      | mydataset1    | labels      | ARRAY<STRUCT<STRING, STRING>>   | [STRUCT("org", "dev")] |
  | myproject      | mydataset2    | labels      | ARRAY<STRUCT<STRING, STRING>>   | [STRUCT("org", "dev")] |
  +----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------------------------+------------------------+
  

Note: Datasets without labels are excluded from the query results.

Next steps

• To see an overview of INFORMATION_SCHEMA, go to Introduction to BigQuery INFORMATION_SCHEMA.
• Learn how to use INFORMATION_SCHEMA to get table metadata.
• Learn how to use INFORMATION_SCHEMA to get view metadata.