Functions (alphabetical)

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This topic contains all functions supported by GoogleSQL for BigQuery.

Function list

Name	Summary
ABS	Computes the absolute value of X.
ACOS	Computes the inverse cosine of X.
ACOSH	Computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine of X.
AEAD.DECRYPT_BYTES	Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES ciphertext.
AEAD.DECRYPT_STRING	Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES ciphertext into a STRING plaintext.
AEAD.ENCRYPT	Encrypts STRING plaintext, using the primary cryptographic key in a keyset.
ANY_VALUE	Gets an expression for some row.
APPENDS	Returns all rows appended to a table for a given time range.
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT	Gets the approximate result for COUNT(DISTINCT expression).
APPROX_QUANTILES	Gets the approximate quantile boundaries.
APPROX_TOP_COUNT	Gets the approximate top elements and their approximate count.
APPROX_TOP_SUM	Gets the approximate top elements and sum, based on the approximate sum of an assigned weight.
ARRAY	Produces an array with one element for each row in a subquery.
ARRAY_AGG	Gets an array of values.
ARRAY_CONCAT	Concatenates one or more arrays with the same element type into a single array.
ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG	Concatenates arrays and returns a single array as a result.
ARRAY_FIRST	Gets the first element in an array.
ARRAY_LAST	Gets the last element in an array.
ARRAY_LENGTH	Gets the number of elements in an array.
ARRAY_REVERSE	Reverses the order of elements in an array.
ARRAY_SLICE	Produces an array containing zero or more consecutive elements from an input array.
ARRAY_TO_STRING	Produces a concatenation of the elements in an array as a STRING value.
ASCII	Gets the ASCII code for the first character or byte in a STRING or BYTES value.
ASIN	Computes the inverse sine of X.
ASINH	Computes the inverse hyperbolic sine of X.
ATAN	Computes the inverse tangent of X.
ATAN2	Computes the inverse tangent of X/Y, using the signs of X and Y to determine the quadrant.
ATANH	Computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent of X.
AVG	Gets the average of non-NULL values.
AVG (Differential Privacy)	DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY-supported AVG. Gets the differentially-private average of non-NULL, non-NaN values in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY clause.
BAG_OF_WORDS	Gets the frequency of each term (token) in a tokenized document.
BIT_AND	Performs a bitwise AND operation on an expression.
BIT_COUNT	Gets the number of bits that are set in an input expression.
BIT_OR	Performs a bitwise OR operation on an expression.
BIT_XOR	Performs a bitwise XOR operation on an expression.
BOOL	Converts a JSON boolean to a SQL BOOL value.
BYTE_LENGTH	Gets the number of BYTES in a STRING or BYTES value.
CAST	Convert the results of an expression to the given type.
CBRT	Computes the cube root of X.
CEIL	Gets the smallest integral value that isn't less than X.
CEILING	Synonym of CEIL.
CHANGES	Returns all rows that have changed in a table for a given time range.
CHAR_LENGTH	Gets the number of characters in a STRING value.
CHARACTER_LENGTH	Synonym for CHAR_LENGTH.
CHR	Converts a Unicode code point to a character.
CODE_POINTS_TO_BYTES	Converts an array of extended ASCII code points to a BYTES value.
CODE_POINTS_TO_STRING	Converts an array of extended ASCII code points to a STRING value.
COLLATE	Combines a STRING value and a collation specification into a collation specification-supported STRING value.
CONCAT	Concatenates one or more STRING or BYTES values into a single result.
CONTAINS_SUBSTR	Performs a normalized, case-insensitive search to see if a value exists as a substring in an expression.
CORR	Computes the Pearson coefficient of correlation of a set of number pairs.
COS	Computes the cosine of X.
COSH	Computes the hyperbolic cosine of X.
COSINE_DISTANCE	Computes the cosine distance between two vectors.
COT	Computes the cotangent of X.
COTH	Computes the hyperbolic cotangent of X.
COUNT	Gets the number of rows in the input, or the number of rows with an expression evaluated to any value other than NULL.
COUNT (Differential Privacy)	DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY-supported COUNT. Signature 1: Gets the differentially-private count of rows in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY clause. Signature 2: Gets the differentially-private count of rows with a non-NULL expression in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY clause.
COUNTIF	Gets the number of TRUE values for an expression.
COVAR_POP	Computes the population covariance of a set of number pairs.
COVAR_SAMP	Computes the sample covariance of a set of number pairs.
CSC	Computes the cosecant of X.
CSCH	Computes the hyperbolic cosecant of X.
CUME_DIST	Gets the cumulative distribution (relative position (0,1]) of each row within a window.
CURRENT_DATE	Returns the current date as a DATE value.
CURRENT_DATETIME	Returns the current date and time as a DATETIME value.
CURRENT_TIME	Returns the current time as a TIME value.
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP	Returns the current date and time as a TIMESTAMP object.
DATE	Constructs a DATE value.
DATE_ADD	Adds a specified time interval to a DATE value.
DATE_BUCKET	Gets the lower bound of the date bucket that contains a date.
DATE_DIFF	Gets the number of unit boundaries between two DATE values at a particular time granularity.
DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE	Interprets an INT64 expression as the number of days since 1970-01-01.
DATE_SUB	Subtracts a specified time interval from a DATE value.
DATE_TRUNC	Truncates a DATE, DATETIME, or TIMESTAMP value at a particular granularity.
DATETIME	Constructs a DATETIME value.
DATETIME_ADD	Adds a specified time interval to a DATETIME value.
DATETIME_BUCKET	Gets the lower bound of the datetime bucket that contains a datetime.
DATETIME_DIFF	Gets the number of unit boundaries between two DATETIME values at a particular time granularity.
DATETIME_SUB	Subtracts a specified time interval from a DATETIME value.
DATETIME_TRUNC	Truncates a DATETIME or TIMESTAMP value at a particular granularity.
DENSE_RANK	Gets the dense rank (1-based, no gaps) of each row within a window.
DETERMINISTIC_DECRYPT_BYTES	Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES ciphertext, using deterministic AEAD.
DETERMINISTIC_DECRYPT_STRING	Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES ciphertext into a STRING plaintext, using deterministic AEAD.
DETERMINISTIC_ENCRYPT	Encrypts STRING plaintext, using the primary cryptographic key in a keyset, using deterministic AEAD encryption.
DIV	Divides integer X by integer Y.
DLP_DETERMINISTIC_ENCRYPT	Encrypts data with a DLP compatible algorithm.
DLP_DETERMINISTIC_DECRYPT	Decrypts DLP-encrypted data.
DLP_KEY_CHAIN	Gets a data encryption key that's wrapped by Cloud Key Management Service.
FLOAT64	Converts a JSON number to a SQL FLOAT64 value.
EDIT_DISTANCE	Computes the Levenshtein distance between two STRING or BYTES values.
ENDS_WITH	Checks if a STRING or BYTES value is the suffix of another value.
ERROR	Produces an error with a custom error message.
EXP	Computes e to the power of X.
EXTERNAL_OBJECT_TRANSFORM	Produces an object table with the original columns plus one or more additional columns.
EXTERNAL_QUERY	Executes a query on an external database and returns the results as a temporary table.
EXTRACT	Extracts part of a date from a DATE value.
EXTRACT	Extracts part of a date and time from a DATETIME value.
EXTRACT	Extracts part of an INTERVAL value.
EXTRACT	Extracts part of a TIME value.
EXTRACT	Extracts part of a TIMESTAMP value.
EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE	Computes the Euclidean distance between two vectors.
FARM_FINGERPRINT	Computes the fingerprint of a STRING or BYTES value, using the FarmHash Fingerprint64 algorithm.
FIRST_VALUE	Gets a value for the first row in the current window frame.
FLOOR	Gets the largest integral value that isn't greater than X.
FORMAT_DATE	Formats a DATE value according to a specified format string.
FORMAT_DATETIME	Formats a DATETIME value according to a specified format string.
FORMAT_TIME	Formats a TIME value according to the specified format string.
FORMAT_TIMESTAMP	Formats a TIMESTAMP value according to the specified format string.
FORMAT	Formats data and produces the results as a STRING value.
FROM_BASE32	Converts a base32-encoded STRING value into a BYTES value.
FROM_BASE64	Converts a base64-encoded STRING value into a BYTES value.
FROM_HEX	Converts a hexadecimal-encoded STRING value into a BYTES value.
GAP_FILL	Finds and fills gaps in a time series.
GENERATE_ARRAY	Generates an array of values in a range.
GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY	Generates an array of dates in a range.
GENERATE_RANGE_ARRAY	Splits a range into an array of subranges.
GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY	Generates an array of timestamps in a range.
GENERATE_UUID	Produces a random universally unique identifier (UUID) as a STRING value.
GREATEST	Gets the greatest value among X1,...,XN.
GROUPING	Checks if a groupable value in the GROUP BY clause is aggregated.
HLL_COUNT.EXTRACT	Extracts a cardinality estimate of an HLL++ sketch.
HLL_COUNT.INIT	Aggregates values of the same underlying type into a new HLL++ sketch.
HLL_COUNT.MERGE	Merges HLL++ sketches of the same underlying type into a new sketch, and then gets the cardinality of the new sketch.
HLL_COUNT.MERGE_PARTIAL	Merges HLL++ sketches of the same underlying type into a new sketch.
IEEE_DIVIDE	Divides X by Y, but doesn't generate errors for division by zero or overflow.
INITCAP	Formats a STRING as proper case, which means that the first character in each word is uppercase and all other characters are lowercase.
INSTR	Finds the position of a subvalue inside another value, optionally starting the search at a given offset or occurrence.
INT64	Converts a JSON number to a SQL INT64 value.
IS_INF	Checks if X is positive or negative infinity.
IS_NAN	Checks if X is a NaN value.
JSON_ARRAY	Creates a JSON array.
JSON_ARRAY_APPEND	Appends JSON data to the end of a JSON array.
JSON_ARRAY_INSERT	Inserts JSON data into a JSON array.
JSON_EXTRACT	(Deprecated) Extracts a JSON value and converts it to a SQL JSON-formatted STRING or JSON value.
JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY	(Deprecated) Extracts a JSON array and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<JSON-formatted STRING> or ARRAY<JSON> value.
JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR	(Deprecated) Extracts a JSON scalar value and converts it to a SQL STRING value.
JSON_EXTRACT_STRING_ARRAY	(Deprecated) Extracts a JSON array of scalar values and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<STRING> value.
JSON_KEYS	Extracts unique JSON keys from a JSON expression.
JSON_OBJECT	Creates a JSON object.
JSON_QUERY	Extracts a JSON value and converts it to a SQL JSON-formatted STRING or JSON value.
JSON_QUERY_ARRAY	Extracts a JSON array and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<JSON-formatted STRING> or ARRAY<JSON> value.
JSON_REMOVE	Produces JSON with the specified JSON data removed.
JSON_SET	Inserts or replaces JSON data.
JSON_STRIP_NULLS	Removes JSON nulls from JSON objects and JSON arrays.
JSON_TYPE	Gets the JSON type of the outermost JSON value and converts the name of this type to a SQL STRING value.
JSON_VALUE	Extracts a JSON scalar value and converts it to a SQL STRING value.
JSON_VALUE_ARRAY	Extracts a JSON array of scalar values and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<STRING> value.
JUSTIFY_DAYS	Normalizes the day part of an INTERVAL value.
JUSTIFY_HOURS	Normalizes the time part of an INTERVAL value.
JUSTIFY_INTERVAL	Normalizes the day and time parts of an INTERVAL value.
KEYS.ADD_KEY_FROM_RAW_BYTES	Adds a key to a keyset, and return the new keyset as a serialized BYTES value.
KEYS.KEYSET_CHAIN	Produces a Tink keyset that's encrypted with a Cloud KMS key.
KEYS.KEYSET_FROM_JSON	Converts a STRING JSON keyset to a serialized BYTES value.
KEYS.KEYSET_LENGTH	Gets the number of keys in the provided keyset.
KEYS.KEYSET_TO_JSON	Gets a JSON STRING representation of a keyset.
KEYS.NEW_KEYSET	Gets a serialized keyset containing a new key based on the key type.
KEYS.NEW_WRAPPED_KEYSET	Creates a new keyset and encrypts it with a Cloud KMS key.
KEYS.REWRAP_KEYSET	Re-encrypts a wrapped keyset with a new Cloud KMS key.
KEYS.ROTATE_KEYSET	Adds a new primary cryptographic key to a keyset, based on the key type.
KEYS.ROTATE_WRAPPED_KEYSET	Rewraps a keyset and rotates it.
KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_INT64	Gets a selected number of quantiles from an INT64-initialized KLL sketch.
KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_FLOAT64	Gets a selected number of quantiles from a FLOAT64-initialized KLL sketch.
KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_POINT_INT64	Gets a specific quantile from an INT64-initialized KLL sketch.
KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_POINT_FLOAT64	Gets a specific quantile from a FLOAT64-initialized KLL sketch.
KLL_QUANTILES.INIT_INT64	Aggregates values into an INT64-initialized KLL sketch.
KLL_QUANTILES.INIT_FLOAT64	Aggregates values into a FLOAT64-initialized KLL sketch.
KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_INT64	Merges INT64-initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets the quantiles from the new sketch.
KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_FLOAT64	Merges FLOAT64-initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets the quantiles from the new sketch.
KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_PARTIAL	Merges KLL sketches of the same underlying type into a new sketch.
KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_POINT_INT64	Merges INT64-initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets a specific quantile from the new sketch.
KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_POINT_FLOAT64	Merges FLOAT64-initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets a specific quantile from the new sketch.
LAG	Gets a value for a preceding row.
LAST_DAY	Gets the last day in a specified time period that contains a DATE value.
LAST_DAY	Gets the last day in a specified time period that contains a DATETIME value.
LAST_VALUE	Gets a value for the last row in the current window frame.
LAX_BOOL	Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL BOOL value.
LAX_FLOAT64	Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL FLOAT64 value.
LAX_INT64	Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL INT64 value.
LAX_STRING	Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL STRING value.
LEAD	Gets a value for a subsequent row.
LEAST	Gets the least value among X1,...,XN.
LEFT	Gets the specified leftmost portion from a STRING or BYTES value.
LENGTH	Gets the length of a STRING or BYTES value.
LN	Computes the natural logarithm of X.
LOG	Computes the natural logarithm of X or the logarithm of X to base Y.
LOG10	Computes the natural logarithm of X to base 10.
LOGICAL_AND	Gets the logical AND of all non-NULL expressions.
LOGICAL_OR	Gets the logical OR of all non-NULL expressions.
LOWER	Formats alphabetic characters in a STRING value as lowercase. Formats ASCII characters in a BYTES value as lowercase.
LPAD	Prepends a STRING or BYTES value with a pattern.
LTRIM	Identical to the TRIM function, but only removes leading characters.
MAKE_INTERVAL	Constructs an INTERVAL value.
MAX	Gets the maximum non-NULL value.
MAX_BY	Synonym for ANY_VALUE(x HAVING MAX y).
MD5	Computes the hash of a STRING or BYTES value, using the MD5 algorithm.
MIN	Gets the minimum non-NULL value.
MIN_BY	Synonym for ANY_VALUE(x HAVING MIN y).
MOD	Gets the remainder of the division of X by Y.
NET.HOST	Gets the hostname from a URL.
NET.IP_FROM_STRING	Converts an IPv4 or IPv6 address from a STRING value to a BYTES value in network byte order.
NET.IP_NET_MASK	Gets a network mask.
NET.IP_TO_STRING	Converts an IPv4 or IPv6 address from a BYTES value in network byte order to a STRING value.
NET.IP_TRUNC	Converts a BYTES IPv4 or IPv6 address in network byte order to a BYTES subnet address.
NET.IPV4_FROM_INT64	Converts an IPv4 address from an INT64 value to a BYTES value in network byte order.
NET.IPV4_TO_INT64	Converts an IPv4 address from a BYTES value in network byte order to an INT64 value.
NET.PUBLIC_SUFFIX	Gets the public suffix from a URL.
NET.REG_DOMAIN	Gets the registered or registrable domain from a URL.
NET.SAFE_IP_FROM_STRING	Similar to the NET.IP_FROM_STRING, but returns NULL instead of producing an error if the input is invalid.
NORMALIZE	Case-sensitively normalizes the characters in a STRING value.
NORMALIZE_AND_CASEFOLD	Case-insensitively normalizes the characters in a STRING value.
NTH_VALUE	Gets a value for the Nth row of the current window frame.
NTILE	Gets the quantile bucket number (1-based) of each row within a window.
OBJ.FETCH_METADATA	Fetches Cloud Storage metadata for a partially populated ObjectRef value.
OBJ.GET_ACCESS_URL	Returns access URLs for a Cloud Storage object.
OBJ.MAKE_REF	Creates an ObjectRef value that contains reference information for a Cloud Storage object.
OCTET_LENGTH	Alias for BYTE_LENGTH.
PARSE_BIGNUMERIC	Converts a STRING value to a BIGNUMERIC value.
PARSE_DATE	Converts a STRING value to a DATE value.
PARSE_DATETIME	Converts a STRING value to a DATETIME value.
PARSE_JSON	Converts a JSON-formatted STRING value to a JSON value.
PARSE_NUMERIC	Converts a STRING value to a NUMERIC value.
PARSE_TIME	Converts a STRING value to a TIME value.
PARSE_TIMESTAMP	Converts a STRING value to a TIMESTAMP value.
PERCENT_RANK	Gets the percentile rank (from 0 to 1) of each row within a window.
PERCENTILE_CONT	Computes the specified percentile for a value, using linear interpolation.
PERCENTILE_CONT (Differential Privacy)	DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY-supported PERCENTILE_CONT. Computes a differentially-private percentile across privacy unit columns in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY clause.
PERCENTILE_DISC	Computes the specified percentile for a discrete value.
POW	Produces the value of X raised to the power of Y.
POWER	Synonym of POW.
RAND	Generates a pseudo-random value of type FLOAT64 in the range of [0, 1).
RANGE	Constructs a range of DATE, DATETIME, or TIMESTAMP values.
RANGE_BUCKET	Scans through a sorted array and returns the 0-based position of a point's upper bound.
RANGE_CONTAINS	Signature 1: Checks if one range is in another range. Signature 2: Checks if a value is in a range.
RANGE_END	Gets the upper bound of a range.
RANGE_INTERSECT	Gets a segment of two ranges that intersect.
RANGE_OVERLAPS	Checks if two ranges overlap.
RANGE_SESSIONIZE	Produces a table of sessionized ranges.
RANGE_START	Gets the lower bound of a range.
RANK	Gets the rank (1-based) of each row within a window.
REGEXP_CONTAINS	Checks if a value is a partial match for a regular expression.
REGEXP_EXTRACT	Produces a substring that matches a regular expression.
REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL	Produces an array of all substrings that match a regular expression.
REGEXP_INSTR	Finds the position of a regular expression match in a value, optionally starting the search at a given offset or occurrence.
REGEXP_REPLACE	Produces a STRING value where all substrings that match a regular expression are replaced with a specified value.
REGEXP_SUBSTR	Synonym for REGEXP_EXTRACT.
REPEAT	Produces a STRING or BYTES value that consists of an original value, repeated.
REPLACE	Replaces all occurrences of a pattern with another pattern in a STRING or BYTES value.
REVERSE	Reverses a STRING or BYTES value.
RIGHT	Gets the specified rightmost portion from a STRING or BYTES value.
ROUND	Rounds X to the nearest integer or rounds X to N decimal places after the decimal point.
ROW_NUMBER	Gets the sequential row number (1-based) of each row within a window.
RPAD	Appends a STRING or BYTES value with a pattern.
RTRIM	Identical to the TRIM function, but only removes trailing characters.
S2_CELLIDFROMPOINT	Gets the S2 cell ID covering a point GEOGRAPHY value.
S2_COVERINGCELLIDS	Gets an array of S2 cell IDs that cover a GEOGRAPHY value.
SAFE_ADD	Equivalent to the addition operator (X + Y), but returns NULL if overflow occurs.
SAFE_CAST	Similar to the CAST function, but returns NULL when a runtime error is produced.
SAFE_CONVERT_BYTES_TO_STRING	Converts a BYTES value to a STRING value and replace any invalid UTF-8 characters with the Unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
SAFE_DIVIDE	Equivalent to the division operator (X / Y), but returns NULL if an error occurs.
SAFE_MULTIPLY	Equivalent to the multiplication operator (X * Y), but returns NULL if overflow occurs.
SAFE_NEGATE	Equivalent to the unary minus operator (-X), but returns NULL if overflow occurs.
SAFE_SUBTRACT	Equivalent to the subtraction operator (X - Y), but returns NULL if overflow occurs.
SEARCH	Checks to see whether a table or other search data contains a set of search terms.
SEC	Computes the secant of X.
SECH	Computes the hyperbolic secant of X.
SESSION_USER	Get the email address or principal identifier of the user that's running the query.
SHA1	Computes the hash of a STRING or BYTES value, using the SHA-1 algorithm.
SHA256	Computes the hash of a STRING or BYTES value, using the SHA-256 algorithm.
SHA512	Computes the hash of a STRING or BYTES value, using the SHA-512 algorithm.
SIGN	Produces -1 , 0, or +1 for negative, zero, and positive arguments respectively.
SIN	Computes the sine of X.
SINH	Computes the hyperbolic sine of X.
SOUNDEX	Gets the Soundex codes for words in a STRING value.
SPLIT	Splits a STRING or BYTES value, using a delimiter.
SQRT	Computes the square root of X.
ST_ANGLE	Takes three point GEOGRAPHY values, which represent two intersecting lines, and returns the angle between these lines.
ST_AREA	Gets the area covered by the polygons in a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_ASBINARY	Converts a GEOGRAPHY value to a BYTES WKB geography value.
ST_ASGEOJSON	Converts a GEOGRAPHY value to a STRING GeoJSON geography value.
ST_ASTEXT	Converts a GEOGRAPHY value to a STRING WKT geography value.
ST_AZIMUTH	Gets the azimuth of a line segment formed by two point GEOGRAPHY values.
ST_BOUNDARY	Gets the union of component boundaries in a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_BOUNDINGBOX	Gets the bounding box for a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_BUFFER	Gets the buffer around a GEOGRAPHY value, using a specific number of segments.
ST_BUFFERWITHTOLERANCE	Gets the buffer around a GEOGRAPHY value, using tolerance.
ST_CENTROID	Gets the centroid of a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_CENTROID_AGG	Gets the centroid of a set of GEOGRAPHY values.
ST_CLOSESTPOINT	Gets the point on a GEOGRAPHY value which is closest to any point in a second GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_CLUSTERDBSCAN	Performs DBSCAN clustering on a group of GEOGRAPHY values and produces a 0-based cluster number for this row.
ST_CONTAINS	Checks if one GEOGRAPHY value contains another GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_CONVEXHULL	Returns the convex hull for a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_COVEREDBY	Checks if all points of a GEOGRAPHY value are on the boundary or interior of another GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_COVERS	Checks if all points of a GEOGRAPHY value are on the boundary or interior of another GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_DIFFERENCE	Gets the point set difference between two GEOGRAPHY values.
ST_DIMENSION	Gets the dimension of the highest-dimensional element in a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_DISJOINT	Checks if two GEOGRAPHY values are disjoint (don't intersect).
ST_DISTANCE	Gets the shortest distance in meters between two GEOGRAPHY values.
ST_DUMP	Returns an array of simple GEOGRAPHY components in a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_DWITHIN	Checks if any points in two GEOGRAPHY values are within a given distance.
ST_ENDPOINT	Gets the last point of a linestring GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_EQUALS	Checks if two GEOGRAPHY values represent the same GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_EXTENT	Gets the bounding box for a group of GEOGRAPHY values.
ST_EXTERIORRING	Returns a linestring GEOGRAPHY value that corresponds to the outermost ring of a polygon GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_GEOGFROM	Converts a STRING or BYTES value into a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_GEOGFROMGEOJSON	Converts a STRING GeoJSON geometry value into a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_GEOGFROMTEXT	Converts a STRING WKT geometry value into a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_GEOGFROMWKB	Converts a BYTES or hexadecimal-text STRING WKT geometry value into a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_GEOGPOINT	Creates a point GEOGRAPHY value for a given longitude and latitude.
ST_GEOGPOINTFROMGEOHASH	Gets a point GEOGRAPHY value that's in the middle of a bounding box defined in a STRING GeoHash value.
ST_GEOHASH	Converts a point GEOGRAPHY value to a STRING GeoHash value.
ST_GEOMETRYTYPE	Gets the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) geometry type for a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_HAUSDORFFDISTANCE	Gets the discrete Hausdorff distance between two geometries.
ST_HAUSDORFFDWITHIN	Checks if the Hausdorff distance between two GEOGRAPHY values is within a given distance.
ST_INTERIORRINGS	Gets the interior rings of a polygon GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_INTERSECTION	Gets the point set intersection of two GEOGRAPHY values.
ST_INTERSECTS	Checks if at least one point appears in two GEOGRAPHY values.
ST_INTERSECTSBOX	Checks if a GEOGRAPHY value intersects a rectangle.
ST_ISCLOSED	Checks if all components in a GEOGRAPHY value are closed.
ST_ISCOLLECTION	Checks if the total number of points, linestrings, and polygons is greater than one in a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_ISEMPTY	Checks if a GEOGRAPHY value is empty.
ST_ISRING	Checks if a GEOGRAPHY value is a closed, simple linestring.
ST_LENGTH	Gets the total length of lines in a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_LINEINTERPOLATEPOINT	Gets a point at a specific fraction in a linestring GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_LINELOCATEPOINT	Gets a section of a linestring GEOGRAPHY value between the start point and a point GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_LINESUBSTRING	Gets a segment of a single linestring at a specific starting and ending fraction.
ST_MAKELINE	Creates a linestring GEOGRAPHY value by concatenating the point and linestring vertices of GEOGRAPHY values.
ST_MAKEPOLYGON	Constructs a polygon GEOGRAPHY value by combining a polygon shell with polygon holes.
ST_MAKEPOLYGONORIENTED	Constructs a polygon GEOGRAPHY value, using an array of linestring GEOGRAPHY values. The vertex ordering of each linestring determines the orientation of each polygon ring.
ST_MAXDISTANCE	Gets the longest distance between two non-empty GEOGRAPHY values.
ST_NPOINTS	An alias of ST_NUMPOINTS.
ST_NUMGEOMETRIES	Gets the number of geometries in a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_NUMPOINTS	Gets the number of vertices in the a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_PERIMETER	Gets the length of the boundary of the polygons in a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_POINTN	Gets the point at a specific index of a linestring GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_REGIONSTATS	Computes statistics describing the pixels in a geospatial raster image that intersect a GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_SIMPLIFY	Converts a GEOGRAPHY value into a simplified GEOGRAPHY value, using tolerance.
ST_SNAPTOGRID	Produces a GEOGRAPHY value, where each vertex has been snapped to a longitude/latitude grid.
ST_STARTPOINT	Gets the first point of a linestring GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_TOUCHES	Checks if two GEOGRAPHY values intersect and their interiors have no elements in common.
ST_UNION	Gets the point set union of multiple GEOGRAPHY values.
ST_UNION_AGG	Aggregates over GEOGRAPHY values and gets their point set union.
ST_WITHIN	Checks if one GEOGRAPHY value contains another GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_X	Gets the longitude from a point GEOGRAPHY value.
ST_Y	Gets the latitude from a point GEOGRAPHY value.
STARTS_WITH	Checks if a STRING or BYTES value is a prefix of another value.
STDDEV	An alias of the STDDEV_SAMP function.
STDDEV_POP	Computes the population (biased) standard deviation of the values.
STDDEV_SAMP	Computes the sample (unbiased) standard deviation of the values.
STRING (JSON)	Converts a JSON string to a SQL STRING value.
STRING (Timestamp)	Converts a TIMESTAMP value to a STRING value.
STRING_AGG	Concatenates non-NULL STRING or BYTES values.
STRPOS	Finds the position of the first occurrence of a subvalue inside another value.
SUBSTR	Gets a portion of a STRING or BYTES value.
SUBSTRING	Alias for SUBSTR
SUM	Gets the sum of non-NULL values.
SUM (Differential Privacy)	DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY-supported SUM. Gets the differentially-private sum of non-NULL, non-NaN values in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY clause.
TAN	Computes the tangent of X.
TANH	Computes the hyperbolic tangent of X.
TEXT_ANALYZE	Extracts terms (tokens) from text and converts them into a tokenized document.
TF_IDF	Evaluates how relevant a term (token) is to a tokenized document in a set of tokenized documents.
TIME	Constructs a TIME value.
TIME_ADD	Adds a specified time interval to a TIME value.
TIME_DIFF	Gets the number of unit boundaries between two TIME values at a particular time granularity.
TIME_SUB	Subtracts a specified time interval from a TIME value.
TIME_TRUNC	Truncates a TIME value at a particular granularity.
TIMESTAMP	Constructs a TIMESTAMP value.
TIMESTAMP_ADD	Adds a specified time interval to a TIMESTAMP value.
TIMESTAMP_BUCKET	Gets the lower bound of the timestamp bucket that contains a timestamp.
TIMESTAMP_DIFF	Gets the number of unit boundaries between two TIMESTAMP values at a particular time granularity.
TIMESTAMP_MICROS	Converts the number of microseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to a TIMESTAMP.
TIMESTAMP_MILLIS	Converts the number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to a TIMESTAMP.
TIMESTAMP_SECONDS	Converts the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to a TIMESTAMP.
TIMESTAMP_SUB	Subtracts a specified time interval from a TIMESTAMP value.
TIMESTAMP_TRUNC	Truncates a TIMESTAMP or DATETIME value at a particular granularity.
TO_BASE32	Converts a BYTES value to a base32-encoded STRING value.
TO_BASE64	Converts a BYTES value to a base64-encoded STRING value.
TO_CODE_POINTS	Converts a STRING or BYTES value into an array of extended ASCII code points.
TO_HEX	Converts a BYTES value to a hexadecimal STRING value.
TO_JSON	Converts a SQL value to a JSON value.
TO_JSON_STRING	Converts a SQL value to a JSON-formatted STRING value.
TRANSLATE	Within a value, replaces each source character with the corresponding target character.
TRIM	Removes the specified leading and trailing Unicode code points or bytes from a STRING or BYTES value.
TRUNC	Rounds a number like ROUND(X) or ROUND(X, N), but always rounds towards zero and never overflows.
TYPEOF	Gets the name of the data type for an expression.
UNICODE	Gets the Unicode code point for the first character in a value.
UNIX_DATE	Converts a DATE value to the number of days since 1970-01-01.
UNIX_MICROS	Converts a TIMESTAMP value to the number of microseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
UNIX_MILLIS	Converts a TIMESTAMP value to the number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
UNIX_SECONDS	Converts a TIMESTAMP value to the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
UPPER	Formats alphabetic characters in a STRING value as uppercase. Formats ASCII characters in a BYTES value as uppercase.
VAR_POP	Computes the population (biased) variance of the values.
VAR_SAMP	Computes the sample (unbiased) variance of the values.
VARIANCE	An alias of VAR_SAMP.
VECTOR_SEARCH	Performs a vector search on embeddings to find semantically similar entities.