Kebijakan GraphQL dapat
mengurai payload permintaan GraphQL menjadi variabel alur pesan, memverifikasi permintaan terhadap skema GraphQL, atau keduanya.
Kebijakan GraphQL dapat mengurai payload GraphQL menjadi variabel alur pesan, memverifikasi permintaan GraphQL terhadap skema, atau keduanya.
Anda dapat menggunakan kebijakan GraphQL untuk:
Pastikan API Anda hanya memproses permintaan yang sesuai dengan skema yang Anda berikan.
Terapkan batasan pada payload dengan menetapkan jumlah maksimum fragmen yang diizinkan.
Mengaitkan GraphQL dengan produk API.
Manfaatkan fitur kebijakan Oauth2, VerifyAPIKey, dan Quota, seperti halnya di REST.
GraphQL mendukung jenis payload berikut:
POST payload graphQL dengan Content-Type : application/graphql
POST payload graphQL dengan Content-Type: applcation/json
GET payload graphQL dengan payload adalah parameter kueri
Untuk ringkasan singkat opsi kebijakan GraphQL, lihat Opsi
GraphQL di bawah.
Untuk mempelajari GraphQL lebih lanjut,
lihat GraphQL.org.
Contoh
Contoh berikut menunjukkan cara mengupload skema GraphQL ke Apigee, dan menggunakannya untuk memvalidasi permintaan dengan konten GraphQL.
Membuat file skema
Untuk menjalankan contoh, buat file skema GraphQL terlebih dahulu dengan konten berikut:
type Query {
allPersons(last: Int): [Person!]!
}
type Mutation {
createPerson(name: String!, age: Int!): Person!
}
type Subscription {
newPerson: Person!
}
type Person {
name: String!
sex: String!
age: Int!
posts: [Post!]!
}
type Post {
title: String!
author: Person!
}
Simpan file dengan nama apa pun yang ingin Anda gunakan, diikuti dengan ekstensi .graphql.
Dengan PROXY_BASEPATH adalah jalur dasar proxy dan HOST_NAME adalah nama proxy Anda, termasuk nomor revisi terbaru. Saat Anda
menjalankan perintah, Apigee akan memvalidasi permintaan terhadap skema dan menampilkan output
berikut.
query: GraphQL yang setara dengan operasi GET REST.
mutation: GraphQL yang setara dengan operasi PUT REST.
query_mutation: query dan mutation.
MaxDepth: Kedalaman maksimum kueri, saat direpresentasikan sebagai hierarki.
MaxDepth memungkinkan Anda memblokir kueri mendalam dalam payload, sehingga Apigee tidak perlu membuat variabel flow yang sangat besar untuk menyimpan nilai.
Namun, payload dikirim apa adanya, terlepas dari nilai MaxDepth.
MaxCount: Jumlah maksimum fragmen yang dapat ada dalam payload.
Anda dapat menggunakannya untuk mencegah server backend GraphQL pelanggan menjalankan kueri yang sangat
kompleks, sehingga memaksa klien untuk memecah logikanya menjadi payload yang lebih kecil.
Action: Salah satu tindakan GraphQL berikut:
parseApigee mengurai payload GraphQL menjadi variabel alur. Anda
kemudian dapat menggunakan konten variabel alur dalam kebijakan seperti JavaCallout. Perhatikan bahwa
parse juga memverifikasi payload.
verify: Apigee memverifikasi bahwa payload GraphQL sesuai dengan skema
yang diupload ke proxy. Anda dapat menggunakan verify untuk memastikan bahwa Anda tidak mendapatkan
permintaan yang tidak sesuai dengan skema Anda. Hal ini dapat menghemat waktu CPU yang berharga di backend.
parse_verify: Mengurai dan memverifikasi payload.
ResourceURL: Jalur ke file skema GraphQL yang digunakan Apigee untuk memverifikasi
permintaan GraphQL.`
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Sulit dipahami","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informasi atau kode contoh salah","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Informasi/contoh yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-08-19 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThe GraphQL policy in Apigee and Apigee hybrid allows parsing GraphQL request payloads into message flow variables, verifying requests against a GraphQL schema, or both.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThis policy enables ensuring that APIs process only schema-conforming requests, setting limits on the number of fragments, and associating GraphQL with API products.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eApigee supports various GraphQL payload types, including POST with \u003ccode\u003eapplication/graphql\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003eapplication/json\u003c/code\u003e, and GET with the payload as a query parameter.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eSchema validation is a resource-intensive operation, and only one schema per policy can be included, requiring multiple policies for multiple schemas, and the schema file needs to be uploaded during policy creation.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe GraphQL policy options include actions such as \u003ccode\u003eparse\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003everify\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003eparse_verify\u003c/code\u003e, along with parameters like \u003ccode\u003eOperationType\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eMaxDepth\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003eMaxCount\u003c/code\u003e to manage GraphQL operations and payload complexity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Using GraphQL\n\n*This page\napplies to **Apigee** and **Apigee hybrid**.*\n\n\n*View [Apigee Edge](https://docs.apigee.com/api-platform/get-started/what-apigee-edge) documentation.*\n\nThe [GraphQL policy](/apigee/docs/api-platform/reference/policies/graphql-policy) can\nparse GraphQL request payloads into message flow\nvariables, verify the request against a GraphQL schema, or both.\n\nThe GraphQL policy can parse GraphQL payloads into message flow\nvariables, verify GraphQL requests against a schema, or both.\n\nYou can use the GraphQL policy to:\n\n- Ensure that your APIs only process requests that conform to the schema you provide.\n- Impose restrictions on the payload by setting a maximum on the number of fragments allowed.\n- Associate GraphQL with API products.\n- Leverage the Oauth2, VerifyAPIKey, and Quota policy features, just as in REST.\n\nGraphQL supports the following types of payloads:\n\n- POST of graphQL payloads with `Content-Type : application/graphql`\n- POST of graphQL payloads with `Content-Type: applcation/json`\n- GET of graphQL payloads where the payload is a query parameter\n\n| **Note:** For `application/json` payloads of the form \n|\n| ```\n| {\n| \"query\": \"...\",\n| \"operationName\": \"...\",\n| \"variables\": { \"myVariable\": \"someValue\", ... }\n| }\n| ```\n| Apigee currently ignores the optional `operationName` and `variables` fields.\n\nFor a quick summary of the options for the GraphQL policy, see [GraphQL\noptions](#graphql-options) below.\n\nTo learn more about GraphQL,\nsee [GraphQL.org](https://graphql.org/).\n\nExample\n-------\n\nThe following example shows how to upload a GraphQL schema to Apigee, and use it to\nvalidate requests with GraphQL content.\n| **Caution:** Verifying the payload against the schema is generally an expensive operation, and we recommend choosing to perform schema validation with care. Schema validation operations can be CPU intensive, especially when the payload and the schema are complex, and can result in significant latencies.\n| **Note:** You can only provide one schema per policy. If you need to include multiple schemas, add multiple GraphQL policies to your proxy.\n| **Notes:** For the classic Proxy Editor only:\n|\n| - You can only upload a GraphQL schema file when you add a GraphQL policy. You *cannot* upload it in the **Resources** pane in the Proxy Editor.\n| - After uploading a GraphQL schema file, you cannot view or edit it in the Proxy Editor.\n|\n| These limitations do not apply to the new Proxy Editor.\n\n### Create a schema file\n\nTo run the example, first create a GraphQL schema file with the following contents: \n\n```\ntype Query {\n allPersons(last: Int): [Person!]!\n}\n\ntype Mutation {\n createPerson(name: String!, age: Int!): Person!\n}\n\ntype Subscription {\n newPerson: Person!\n}\n\ntype Person {\n name: String!\n sex: String!\n age: Int!\n posts: [Post!]!\n}\n\ntype Post {\n title: String!\n author: Person!\n}\n```\n\nSave the file with whatever name you'd like to use, followed by the extension `.graphql`.\n\n### Add the GraphQL policy in the Apigee UI\n\n| **Note:** Apigee is introducing a new version of the Proxy\n| Editor, which will make it easier to manage proxies.\n|\n| The instructions in the first two tabs below explain how to\nuse either the new Proxy Editor or the classic Proxy Editor. \n\n### New Proxy Editor\n\nFirst, create the GraphQL policy as follows:\n\n1. Sign in to the [Apigee UI](https://apigee.google.com).\n2. In the navigation bar, select **Develop \\\u003e API Proxies**.\n3. In the list of proxies, select the API proxy for which you want to use the GraphQL policy.\n4. Click the **DEVELOP** tab.\n5. In the left-hand pane, click the **+** button next to the **Policies** folder.\n6. In the **Create policy** dialog, click in the **Select policy type** field and\n scroll down to **Mediation** and select\n [**GraphQL**](/apigee/docs/api-platform/reference/policies/graphql-policy).\n\n Enter a **Display name** and **Name**.\n\n Next, select a GraphQL schema file as follows:\n 1. Click the **Schema File** field. This displays the following choices:\n - **No Schema**. If you select this option, Apigee will not use a schema to validate requests.\n - **Import GraphQL schema (.graphql)**\n 2. Select **Import GraphQL schema (.graphql)**. This displays the\n following:\n\n 3. Click **Choose File** and select the schema file you created previously\n (which must have the extension `.graphql`).\n The file appears in the **Schema name** field.\n\n7. Click **Create** to create the policy.\n\nNow that you have created the **GraphQL** policy, you can attach it to a step in\nthe PreFlow:\n\n1. Select **Proxy Endpoints \\\u003e default \\\u003e PreFlow** in the left-hand pane:\n\n2. Click the **+** button next to **PreFlow** in the **Response** pane at the bottom-right of the Visual Editor:\n\n3. In the **Add policy step** dialog, select the **GQL-** policy. **Note:** This example uses the default name, **GQL** , for the GraphQL policy. You can change the name in the **DisplayName** element in the XML for the policy, by adding a descriptive phrase after **GQL-** . See [Change the policy name](/apigee/docs/api-platform/get-started/add-policy#change-the-policy-name).\n4. Click **Add** to attach the policy.\n5. Click **Save** to save the current revision with your changes.\n6. To deploy your changes, click the **Overview** tab and select **Deploy**.\n\nSee [GraphQL options](#graphql-options) below for the options you can set for\nthe GraphQL policy.\n\n### Classic Proxy Editor\n\n1. Sign in to the [Apigee UI](https://apigee.google.com).\n2. In the navigation bar, select **Develop \\\u003e API Proxies**.\n3. In the list of proxies, select the API proxy for which you want to use the GraphQL policy.\n4. Click the **DEVELOP** tab.\n5. In the **Flow: PreFlow** pane, click the **+ Step** button.\n\n6. In the **Add Step** pane, scroll down to\n the bottom of the **Mediation** section, and select **GraphQL**.\n\n The **Add Step** pane displays the following options:\n - **Display Name**: Display name of the policy.\n - **Name**: Internal name of the policy.\n - **Schema file**: Option to upload a file containing a GraphQL schema that Apigee will use to validate requests with GraphQL content.\n\n To use a schema, do the following:\n 1. Click the **Schema File** field. This displays the following choices:\n - **No Schema**. If you select this option, Apigee will not use a schema to validate requests.\n - **Import GraphQL schema (.graphql)**\n 2. Select **Import GraphQL schema (.graphql)**. This displays the\n following:\n\n 3. Click **Choose File** and select the schema file you\n [created previously](#create-a-schema-file)\n (which must have the extension `.graphql`).\n The file appears in the **Schema name** field.\n\n7. Click **Add** . The **Flow: PreFlow** pane now appears as shown below:\n\n\n See [GraphQL options](#graphql-options) below for the options you can set for\n the GraphQL policy. For this example, leave them as they are.\n8. To deploy your proxy, click the **Overview** tab and select **Deploy**.\n\n\nNow you can test the GraphQL policy with the following `curl` command: \n\n```\ncurl --location --request POST 'https://PROXY_BASEPATH/HOST_NAME' --data-raw 'query query_name {allPersons {name}}' -k\n```\n\nWhere \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROXY_BASEPATH\u003c/var\u003e is the proxy basepath and \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eHOST_NAME\u003c/var\u003e is the name of\nyour proxy, including the latest revision number. When you\nrun the command, Apigee validates the request against the schema and returns the following\noutput. \n\n```\n{\n \"query query_name {allPersons {name}}\": \"\",\n \"id\": 101\n}\n```\n\nHere's another example of a request: \n\n```\ncurl --location --request POST 'https://PROXY_BASEPATH/HOST_NAME' --data-raw 'query ilovegql {DEADBEEF}' -k\n```\n\nThis time the request validation fails with the following error message. \n\n```\n{\"fault\":{\"faultstring\":\"steps.graphQL.SchemaValidationFailed\",\"detail\":{\"errorcode\":\"steps.graphQL.SchemaValidationFailed\"}}}\n```\n\nGraphQL options\n---------------\n\nThe GraphPolicy has the following options:\n\n- `OperationType`: The operation type. The options are:\n - `query`: The GraphQL equivalent of the REST `GET` operation.\n - `mutation`: The GraphQL equivalent of the REST `PUT` operation.\n - `query_mutation`: Both `query` and `mutation`.\n- `MaxDepth`: The maximum depth of the query, when represented as a tree. `MaxDepth` allows you to block deep queries in the payload, so that Apigee does not need to create very large flow variables to hold the values. However, the payload is sent as is, regardless of the value of `MaxDepth`.\n- `MaxCount`: The maximum number of fragments that can be in the payload. You can use this to prevent the GraphQL back-end server of the customer from executing highly complex queries, forcing clients to break their logic into smaller payloads.\n- `Action`: One the following GraphQL actions:\n - `parse`Apigee parses the GraphQL payload into the flow variables. You can then use the contents of the flow variables in policies such as JavaCallout. Note that `parse` also verifies the payload.\n - `verify`: Apigee verifies that the GraphQL payload conforms to the schema uploaded to the proxy. You can use `verify` to ensure that you do not get requests that don't conform to your schema. This can save valuable CPU time in the backend.\n - `parse_verify`: Parse and verify the payload.\n- `ResourceURL`: The path to the GraphQL schema file that Apigee uses to verify the GraphQL request.\\`\n\nTo learn more about these options, see the\n[GraphQL policy reference\npage](/apigee/docs/api-platform/reference/policies/graphql-policy)."]]
