Community tutorials

Using Sigfox Sens'it with Google Cloud

Author(s): @lepistom , Published: 2020-04-22

Markku Lepisto | Solutions Architect | Google

Contributed by Google employees.

This document describes how to start using your Sigfox Sens'it Discovery V3 device and connect it to Google Cloud, with step-by-step instructions on how to use Google Cloud services for real-time sensor data ingestion, processing, and analytics, as well as device configuration management.

The main functionalities demonstrated are the following:

Sens'it device activation and registration as a dev kit
Configuration for integration of Sigfox with Google Cloud
Binary sensor data ingestion, parsing, and storage in a data warehouse
Binary device configuration encoding, decoding, and management

sensit and gcp

Architecture diagram

architecture diagram

Costs

This tutorial uses billable components of Google Cloud, including the following:

Cloud Functions
Pub/Sub
Firestore
BigQuery

This tutorial should not generate any usage that would not be covered by the free tier, but you can use the Pricing Calculator to generate a cost estimate based on your projected production usage.

Before you begin

This tutorial assumes that you already have a Google Cloud account set up.

Create a Google Cloud project

Go to the Cloud Console.
Click the project selector in the upper-left corner and select New Project.
Give the project a name and click Create.
Click the project selector again and select your new project.
Open the menu APIs & Services > Library.
Search for and activate the following APIs, or ensure that they are already active:
- Cloud Functions API
- Cloud Pub/Sub API
- Cloud Firestore API
- Cloud BigQuery API

Activate your Sens'it device

Sens'it devices come with a Sigfox subscription. You must first activate the device, create a Sigfox account, and associate the device in your account. You can activate the device using either a web portal or a mobile app. The next sections get you started with both options.

You must be located in a Sigfox network coverage area when you activate the device.

Option 1: Activate Sens'it using the web interface

To activate the Sens'it device using the web portal, execute the following steps:

Step 1:

Navigate to the sensit.io web portal and click Launch App.

activation part 1

Step 2:

Click Activate my Sens'it.

activation part 2

Step 3:

Find the device ID printed on the back of the device, and enter it in the input field.

activation part 3

Step 4:

Follow the rest of the steps of the web wizard to activate your device and register it in your sensit.io account.

Option 2: Activate Sens'it using the mobile app

Alternatively, you can install the Sigfox Sens'it Discovery mobile app and use it to activate your device. The app is available in the Google Play store for Android and App Store for iOS.

To activate the Sens'it device using the mobile app, execute the following steps:

Step 1:

Install and open the Sens'it Discovery mobile app.

Step 2:

Click Add a Sens'it.

app part 1

Step 3:

Scan the QR code printed on the back of the device. If the scanning does not work, enter the ID manually using the link on the bottom of the screen.

app part 2

Step 4:

Confirm the scanned device ID and follow the rest of the steps to activate your device and register it in your sensit.io account.

app part 3

Register your Sens'it as a dev kit

After you have activated your device, it should be visible in your sensit.io web portal. To use the device with the Sigfox backend system and integrate with upstream platforms like Google Cloud, you need to register the device as a dev kit (development kit).

Execute the following steps to register your Sens'it as a dev kit:

Follow all the steps in this document.

Ensure that you enter a valid email address so that you can finalize the registration process.
Wait for a few hours while Sigfox registers your new account in the Sigfox backend and communicates with the device to transfer it to your backend account. The delay is due to the Sigfox radio network periodically communicating with newly registered devices. You will receive an email after the process has finished.

Configure the integration of Sigfox with Google Cloud

Now that you have your Sens'it device associated with your Sigfox backend, you can integrate it with Google Cloud for processing sensor data and managing the device configuration.

To integrate your Sigfox backend with Google Cloud, execute all the steps in the Sigfox and Google Cloud integration guide. The integration guide helps you set up Cloud Functions for receiving data and service messages from Sigfox, Cloud Pub/Sub for ingesting the data as a real-time stream, and Cloud Datastore for managing device group configurations.

Before you start following the integration guide, read these tips, which will help with steps in the integration guide:

To transmit a message from your Sens'it device, double-press the button.
To request a downlink message, press the button in a short-short-long sequence.

In the "Configuring Datastore for device configuration management" section, you can use the following hexadecimal string for the initial configuration value: 46003f0f8004223c. This hexadecimal string is a valid Sens'it configuration payload, which corresponds with the following values:

MESSAGE_PERIOD = 1
MAGNET_MODE_FLAG = False
VIBRATION_MODE_FLAG = False
DOOR_MODE_FLAG = False
LIGHT_MODE_FLAG = True
TEMP_MODE_FLAG = True
STANDBY_MODE_FLAG = False
B1_SPARE = 0
TEMPERATURE_LOW_THRESHOLD = 0
B2_SPARE = 0
TEMPERATURE_HIGH_THRESHOLD = 63
HUMIDITY_LOW_THRESHOLD = 0
HUMIDITY_HIGH_THRESHOLD = 15
LIMITATION_FLAG = True
BRIGHTNESS_THRESHOLD = 0
VIBRATION_ACCELERATION_THRESHOLD = 4
B6_SPARE = 0
VIBRATION_BLANK_TIME = 2
VIBRATION_DEBOUNCE_COUNT = 2
RESET_BIT = 0
DOOR_OPEN_THRESHOLD = 7
DOOR_CLOSE_THRESHOLD = 4

To learn more about the device configuration parameters, see Sens'it Discovery Payload Structure.

After you have completed the Sigfox - Google Cloud integration guide, continue with the following sections in this tutorial.

Streaming data into BigQuery

The integration between Sigfox and Google Cloud publishes the device data to a Cloud Pub/Sub topic. To enable long-term storage and analytics for actionable insights, a best practice is to write the data to a data warehouse. This section shows how you can stream the data in real-time to BigQuery, using a Cloud Function that is triggered by the Sens'it payloads in Pub/Sub. The Sigfox backend forwards the data payloads as-is. The payloads are binary-encoded. The Cloud Function parses the data payloads using the Sens'it V3 payload specification before writing them to BigQuery. This way, the data is usable in the data warehouse as standard columns and rows, using SQL queries.

Create the dataset and table in BigQuery

To host the data in BigQuery, you create a dataset and a table. The table is implemented as a wide, sparse table: wide, meaning that each data payload value available in the Sens'it Discovery Payload Structure has its own column; and sparse, meaning that if a payload packet does not have a value for a certain column, the value is simply not stored for that row.

Execute the following steps on your local development machine to create the BigQuery dataset and table:

Go to the directory for this tutorial in the Google Cloud Community repository:
```
$ cd [your local path]/community/tutorials/sigfox-sensit
```
If you do not have a copy of the repository, you can clone it on your machine with this command:
```
$ git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/community.git
```
Deactivate any Python virtual environment that you may still have active from previous steps:
```
$ deactivate
```
Create a new Python 3 virtual environment in the sigfox-sensit directory:
```
$ python3 -m venv venv
```
Python scripts that you execute locally require Python 3.
Activate the virtual environment:
```
$ source venv/bin/activate
```

Install the required Python modules:

(venv) $ pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Create the BigQuery dataset:
```
(venv) $ bq --location=asia-northeast1 mk sigfox
```
The default value of the dataset to host Sigfox Sens'it data in BigQuery is sigfox, but you can change it if necessary. Also, change the value of --location to the BigQuery region where you want to store your Sens'it data.

The command should return an output similar to this:
```
Dataset 'your-project:sigfox' successfully created.
```
Create the BigQuery table:
```
(venv) $ bq --location=asia-northeast1 mk --table your-project:sigfox.sensit ./bq_sensit_table_schema.json
```
The command uses the table schema JSON file in the same working directory.

Change your-region to your Google Cloud region, and change your-project to the Google Cloud project where you are hosting the Sigfox - Google Cloud integration. If necessary, you can also change the values of the BigQuery dataset name (default value: sigfox) and table name (default value: sensit).

The command should return an output similar to this:
```
Table 'your-project:sigfox.sensit' successfully created.
```

Deploy the `pubsub_bigquery` Cloud Function

The Sens'it payloads published in Pub/Sub are binary-encoded. Additionally, the payload hexadecimal string can either contain a 4-byte sensor data structure or a 4-byte sensor data structure plus an 8-byte device configuration structure.

To make the data easily usable later, the function that consumes the payloads from Pub/Sub first parses the binary data into normal key/value pairs and writes them in BigQuery in rows and columns. The function uses streaming writes to BigQuery, in effect having your data warehouse updated in real-time.

Additionally, the function checks that the payload in Pub/Sub is from a Sens'it device by checking whether a deviceType attribute is present and whether that value matches the one assigned to your Sens'it devices. The default value is SIGFOX_DevKit_1. In most cases, the default value is the one assigned to Sens'it devices. If the Sigfox backend assigns a different device type name for your devices, you can configure the value in sigfox-sensit/cf/.env.yaml.

Execute the following steps on your local development machine:

Go to the cf directory:
```
(venv) $ cd cf
```
Edit the Cloud Function environment variable configuration file:
```
(venv) $ vi .env.yaml
```
The file has the following default configuration parameters:
```
BIGQUERY_DATASET: sigfox
BIGQUERY_TABLE: sensit
DEVICE_TYPE: SIGFOX_DevKit_1
```
If you created the BigQuery dataset or table with a different name, update the corresponding configuration values in this file. Additionally, ensure that the value for DEVICE_TYPE matches the device type for your Sens'it device in your Sigfox backend account.
Deploy the Cloud Function by executing the following command. Change the value of region to your preferred region, and the value of trigger-resource to the name of your Pub/Sub topic that the Sigfox integration uses.
```
(venv) $ gcloud functions deploy --region asia-northeast1 pubsub_bigquery --runtime python37 --env-vars-file .env.yaml --trigger-event=google.pubsub.topic.publish --trigger-resource=sigfox-data
```
You can select 'y' for the prompt Allow unauthenticated invocations of new function [pubsub_bigquery]?. The command should return an output similar to this:
```
updateTime: [timestamp]
versionId: [increment]
```

Sending sensor data

Transmit data from the device

The Sens'it V3 device has five different sensor modes. Each mode transmits different sensor readings with a different, mode-specific data payload binary encoding scheme. To learn more about the data payloads, see the Sens'it Discovery Payload Structure.

To change the device mode, long-press the button. Keep the button pressed until the light ring around the button changes to a different color. The colors match the mode icons printed on the device front panel:

button color	sensor mode
green	temperature
yellow	light
light blue	door
dark blue	vibration
purple	magnet

To transmit sensor readings, double-press the button. The device transmits sensor readings matching the current mode. The device blinks the light rapidly in three bursts to indicate that it's transmitting. The sensor data is transmitted three times, with frequency hopping, to increase the likelihood of Sigfox base stations receiving the transmission. If the ring is red, the device radio cannot transmit data at the moment. In that case, wait a moment and try again.

Note that in Sigfox, the maximum number of data uplink transmissions is 140 messages per device per day. The Sens'it device's built-in firmware has a configuration parameter Message period for specifying the transmission interval. See the Sens'it Discovery Payload Structure document and the "Updating Sens'it device configuration" section below for more information.

Monitoring data transmission end to end

To verify that your device has sent the payload, do the following:

Step 1:

In the Sigfox backend, verify that you can see the new messages in Device > Messages.

device messages

Step 2:

In the Cloud Functions console, select the callback_data function and select its Logs. This function was created when you followed the Sigfox - Google Cloud integration guide earlier. Verify that you can see the new messages in Cloud Logging for the function. This function receives the messages from Sigfox backend and forwards them to Pub/Sub.

Example Cloud Logging for the callback_data function:

Received Sigfox message:
{
  'deviceType': 'SIGFOX_DevKit_1',
  'device': '[device ID]',
  'time': '1548304947',
  'data': 'b6098880',
  'seqNumber': '2732',
  'lqi': 'Limit',
  'fixedLat': '0.0',
  'fixedLng': '0.0',
  'operatorName': 'SIGFOX_Singapore_Unabiz',
  'countryCode': '702',
  'computedLocation': {
    'lat': 1.123,
    'lng': 103.123,
    'radius': 4557,
    'source': 2,
    'status': 1
  }
}

Step 3:

In the Cloud Functions portal, select the pubsub_bigquery function and select its Logs. Verify that the function was triggered by the new messages in Pub/Sub and that the function wrote the data to BigQuery.

Example Cloud Logging for the pubsub_bigquery function:

Receiving the binary payload message from Pub/Sub:

Data JSON:
{
  "deviceType": "SIGFOX_DevKit_1",
  "device": "[device ID]",
  "time": "1548304947",
  "data": "b6098880",
  "seqNumber": "2732",
  "lqi": "Limit",
  "fixedLat": "0.0",
  "fixedLng": "0.0",
  "operatorName": "SIGFOX_Singapore_Unabiz",
  "countryCode": "702",
  "computedLocation": {
    "lat": 1.123,
    "lng": 103.123,
    "radius": 4557,
    "source": 2,
    "status": 1
  }
}

Writing the parsed values to BigQuery:

BQ Row:
[('[device ID]', '2019-01-24T04:42:27+00:00', 'b6098880', '2732',
3.8000000000000003, 1, False, 24.0, 64.0, None, None, None, None, None, None,
'Limit', '0.0', '0.0', 'SIGFOX_Singapore_Unabiz', '702', {'lat': 1.123,
'lng': 103.123, 'radius': 4557, 'source': 2, 'status': 1})]

The binary hexadecimal value for data has been parsed to separate values.

Querying sensor data in BigQuery

Verifying the dataset and table schema

Open the BigQuery console, expand the entries under your project name, and click the table name. The default names for the dataset and table are sigfox and sensit, respectively.

BigQuery dataset and table

dataset and table

Sensit table schema

sensit table schema

The table schema matches the parsed structure of the Sens'it V3 payload. The sensor values are transmitted by the device, depending on the currently active mode. The additional values such as computedLocation are delivered by the Sigfox network with the optional DATA_ADVANCED callback messages.

You can view additional table information with the Details tab, and see a preview of any entries in the table with the Preview tab.

Querying the Sens'it data with SQL

Step 1:

Click the Query editor text entry area and copy and paste the following example SQL query.

SELECT * FROM `[your-project].[sigfox].[sensit]` ORDER BY time DESC LIMIT 20

This example SQL query selects the latest 20 messages sent by your Sens'it. Replace [your-project] with the name of your Google Cloud project, [sigfox] with your dataset name, and [sensit] with your table name.

Step 2:

Click Run to execute the query.

The query should return an output similar to this:

sql query results

You can scroll the output horizontally to view the results for all the columns.

To learn more about using BigQuery for analytics, refer to the BigQuery documentation.

Using the Sens'it V3 payload parser utility

The maximum payload sizes in Sigfox are 12 bytes for data uplink and 8 bytes for downlink messages. The Sens'it V3 device has several sensors and user-configurable device settings. To send all of the relevant sensor data and receive configuration updates, the device uses an efficient binary encoding scheme. Using the scheme, the device can transmit the currently active sensor readings with just 4 bytes, and accept updated device configuration sets with 8 bytes. Furthermore, the sensor data payload is flexible, with a structure that depends on the currently active device mode. The payload contains a Mode flag, which indicates which structure the rest of the payload is encoded with.

When the device transmits data, Sigfox receives the data as the original 4-byte binary frame. The Sigfox backend user interface displays the payload as an 8-character hexadecimal string, with 2 characters per byte.

The Sigfox - Google Cloud integration forwards these hexadecimal payload strings as-is through Cloud Functions to Pub/Sub. In this tutorial, the pubsub_bigquery function is responsible for decoding the binary hexadecimal string to normal key/value pairs before writing them to columns and rows in BigQuery.

In addition to the Cloud Function, this tutorial also includes a command-line utility to help encode and decode the Sens'it V3 payloads. The tool supports both sensor data and device configuration payloads.

Decoding sensor data

To decode the hexadecimal data payloads sent by the device, execute the following steps on your local development machine:

If you are still in the cf directory, ensure that you still have the Python virtual environment active and go to the sigfox-sensit directory:
```
(venv) $ cd ..
```
Double-press the Sens'it button to trigger transmitting sensor readings.
Use the Sigfox backend, Cloud Functions Logs, or BigQuery SQL queries, to find the payload string sent by your Sens'it device. Example payload string: ae098c7d.
Run the parser utility with the -h flag to see its options:
```
(venv) $ python3 sensit-parser.py -h
```

Use the following command to parse your Sens'it payload string; replace the payload string in the command with your payload string:

(venv) $ python3 sensit-parser.py --parser-mode decode-data --hex-string ae098c7d

The command should return an output similar to this. Note that you can see how the parser decodes the 8 bits for each of the 4 bytes, and displays the values:

Data HEX:   ae098c7d

Bit:        76543210
            --------
Byte0:  ae  10101110
Byte1:  09  00001001
Byte2:  8c  10001100
Byte3:  7d  01111101

Container:
    battery_level = 21
    reserved = 6
    mode = 1
    button_alert_flag = False
    temperature_msb = 1
    temperature_lsb = 140
    humidity = 125

{'battery_level': 3.75, 'humidity': 62.5, 'mode': 1, 'temperature': 24.5, 'button_alert_flag': False}

You can use this utility to easily debug the data sent by your Sens'it device. You can also use the Sens'it V3 payload structure and the sensit-parser.py code as examples for designing your device-specific binary payloads with Sigfox. The parser uses the Python construct module for implementing the payload structure in a declarative manner.

Updating Sens'it device configurations

Decoding device configurations

By default, the Sens'it V3 device transmits its current configuration once per day. You can identify those payload strings by their greater length. The sensor telemetry data uplink payloads are 4 bytes, or 8 hexadecimal characters. The data + configuration payloads are 4 + 8 = 12 bytes, or 24 hexadecimal characters. Example payload: 9e09a58306003f0f8004223c.

To decode the configuration payloads sent by the device, execute the following steps:

Step 1:

Trigger the device to send its data + configuration payload, by pressing the button in the following sequence: short-short-long press. Fun fact: short-short-long corresponds with the letter 'u', in Morse code for "Update device configuration".

After pressing the sequence, the device light should display three bursts, signifying the three radio transmissions (TX) for the message. Followed by the ring remaining blinking for up to 20 seconds or more. This blinking signifies that the device is waiting for the Sigfox downlink message reception window.

After transmitting the downlink request message, the device waits for 20 seconds, and then opens the radio in receiving (RX) mode for a 25 seconds window. The backend system (Google Cloud) must return the device configuration to the Sigfox backend during the 20 second sleep time, and Sigfox must transmit the configuration to the device during the 25 second window.

The device sets a flag ack: True, to mark the message as a "Downlink requested" message. The payload in this case is the 4-byte sensor readings structure, followed by the 8-byte device current configuration structure. For more information, see the downlink sequence diagram in the integration guide.

Step 2:

Verify that the device has requested a downlink message, using the Sigfox Backend > Device > Messages console.

Downlink message requested

downlink requested

Downlink response received successfully

downlink response received

Step 3:

Copy the message string and use the parser to decode it. Replace the hexadecimal string value with your value:

(venv) $ python3 sensit-parser.py --parser-mode decode-data --hex-string b609867d06003f0f8004223c

The command should return an output similar to this:

Data HEX:   b609867d
... sensor data details ...

Config HEX: 06003f0f8004223c

Bit:        76543210
            --------
Byte0:  06  00000110
... byte values ...
Byte7:  3c  00111100

MESSAGE_PERIOD = 0
... configuration parameter values ...
DOOR_CLOSE_THRESHOLD = 4

This way, you can debug both the sensor values and the current device configurations.

Encoding device configurations

To update the device configurations, you can use the same parser utility. The utility can generate an editable configuration file from the configuration payload.

To edit the device configuration, execute the following commands:

Execute the parser with the same HEX value as above, and add the switch --out-file, as follows:

(venv) $ python3 sensit-parser.py --parser-mode decode-data --hex-string b609867d06003f0f8004223c --out-file config.ini

The command should return an output similar to this:

Config file written to: config.ini

Edit the generated current configurations file with your favorite editor. Refer to the Sens'it V3 payload specification for details on the parameters and their values. For example, you could change MESSAGE_PERIOD = 1 (transmit data every hour) to: MESSAGE_PERIOD = 0 (transmit data every 10 minutes).
```
(venv) $ vi config.ini
```
Run the parser in encoding mode, to get a hexadecimal string from your updated configuration file:
```
(venv) $ python3 sensit-parser.py --parser-mode encode-config --in-file config.ini
```
The command should return your new Sens'it configuration string similar to this:
```
Reading config from input file: config.ini

Config HEX: 46003f0f8004223c
```

Updating the configuration in Firestore and sending it with downlink

Step 1:

Copy the new Config hexadecimal value and store it in Cloud Firestore. The string should be the new value for the property named: config, for the kind: deviceType. Device Type should match the one for Sens'it in your Sigfox backend.

updating config in datastore

Step 2:

Press Done, and then Save, to save the new value.

Step 3:

To send the updated configurations to the device, trigger a new downlink request message by pressing the short-short-long button sequence on your Sens'it device. Monitor the messages in Sigfox Backend and Cloud Functions Logs for the function callback_data. You can use the filter box in Cloud Logging, to filter for the string downlink.

filtering logs

If successful, you should see a log entry similar to this:

Sending downlink message: {"[device ID]": {"downlinkData": "[your new configuration string]"}}

Congratulations! You are now able to use all of the functionality of your Sens'it it device with Google Cloud, and start analyzing its sensor data with BigQuery.

Cleaning up

Deleting Sigfox backend callback configurations

If the Google Cloud integration callbacks are the only ones configured in your Sigfox backend for this device type, you can use a script to delete them all:

On your local development machine, execute the following:

(venv) $ python3 sigfox-api.py --callbacks delete-all

Important: this command deletes all callbacks registered for the device type, including any callbacks that you may have configured manually earlier.

If you have other callbacks for other use cases configured for this device type, use the Sigfox backend Device Type > Callbacks console to delete the 5 callbacks configured for this integration. You can identify the integration callbacks from the URLs that point to your Cloud Functions.

Delete the Google Cloud project

To avoid incurring charges to your Google Cloud account for the resources used in this tutorial, you can delete the project.

Caution: Deleting a project has the following consequences:

If you used an existing project, you'll also delete any other work you've done in the project.
You can't reuse the project ID of a deleted project. If you created a custom project ID that you plan to use in the future, delete the resources inside the project instead. This ensures that URLs that use the project ID, such as an appspot.com URL, remain available.

To delete a project, do the following:

In the Cloud Console, go to the Projects page.
In the project list, select the project you want to delete and click Delete project.
In the dialog, type the project ID, and then click Shut down to delete the project.

deleting the project

What's next

Learn more about IoT on Google Cloud
Learn more about big data analytics on Google Cloud, to turn your IoT data into actionable insights
Learn more about the BigQuery data warehouse for analytics
Try out other Google Cloud features for yourself. Have a look at our tutorials.

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Using Sigfox Sens'it with Google Cloud

Architecture diagram

Costs

Before you begin

Create a Google Cloud project

Activate your Sens'it device

Option 1: Activate Sens'it using the web interface

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

Option 2: Activate Sens'it using the mobile app

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

Register your Sens'it as a dev kit

Configure the integration of Sigfox with Google Cloud

Streaming data into BigQuery

Create the dataset and table in BigQuery

Deploy the pubsub_bigquery Cloud Function

Sending sensor data

Transmit data from the device

Monitoring data transmission end to end

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Querying sensor data in BigQuery

Verifying the dataset and table schema

Querying the Sens'it data with SQL

Step 1:

Step 2:

Using the Sens'it V3 payload parser utility

Decoding sensor data

Updating Sens'it device configurations

Decoding device configurations

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Encoding device configurations

Updating the configuration in Firestore and sending it with downlink

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Cleaning up

Deleting Sigfox backend callback configurations

Delete the Google Cloud project

What's next

Submit a tutorial

Request a tutorial

View tutorials

Deploy the `pubsub_bigquery` Cloud Function