删除虚拟机

---

本页介绍如何删除实例。 如果您不想删除实例，但想暂时停止该实例，请参阅停止和启动实例或暂停和恢复实例。

删除实例，以从项目中移除实例及其关联资源。如果实例属于实例组，则该组可能会尝试重新创建相同的实例以维持特定的组大小。请改为调整实例组的大小或重新配置自动调节程序。

准备工作

• 设置身份验证（如果尚未设置）。身份验证是通过其进行身份验证以访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 的过程。如需从本地开发环境运行代码或示例，您可以按如下方式向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证。
  

  选择标签页以了解您打算如何使用本页面上的示例：

  控制台

  当您使用 Google Cloud 控制台访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 时，无需设置身份验证。

  gcloud

  1. 安装 Google Cloud CLI，然后通过运行以下命令初始化 Google Cloud CLI：

     gcloud init

     注意：如果您之前安装了 gcloud CLI，请确保通过运行 gcloud components update 获得最新版本。
  2. 设置默认区域和可用区。

  C#

  如需从本地开发环境使用本页面上的 .NET 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。

  2. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

     gcloud init

  3. 为您的 Google 账号创建本地身份验证凭据：

     gcloud auth application-default login

  如需了解详情，请参阅 为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Go

  如需从本地开发环境使用本页面上的 Go 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。

  2. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

     gcloud init

  3. 为您的 Google 账号创建本地身份验证凭据：

     gcloud auth application-default login

  如需了解详情，请参阅 为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Java

  如需从本地开发环境使用本页面上的 Java 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。

  2. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

     gcloud init

  3. 为您的 Google 账号创建本地身份验证凭据：

     gcloud auth application-default login

  如需了解详情，请参阅 为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Node.js

  如需从本地开发环境使用本页面上的 Node.js 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。

  2. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

     gcloud init

  3. 为您的 Google 账号创建本地身份验证凭据：

     gcloud auth application-default login

  如需了解详情，请参阅 为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  PHP

  如需从本地开发环境使用本页面上的 PHP 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。

  2. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

     gcloud init

  3. 为您的 Google 账号创建本地身份验证凭据：

     gcloud auth application-default login

  如需了解详情，请参阅 为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Python

  如需从本地开发环境使用本页面上的 Python 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。

  2. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

     gcloud init

  3. 为您的 Google 账号创建本地身份验证凭据：

     gcloud auth application-default login

  如需了解详情，请参阅 为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Ruby

  如需从本地开发环境使用本页面上的 Ruby 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. 安装 Google Cloud CLI。

  2. 如需初始化 gcloud CLI，请运行以下命令：

     gcloud init

  3. 为您的 Google 账号创建本地身份验证凭据：

     gcloud auth application-default login

  如需了解详情，请参阅 为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  REST

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 REST API 示例，请使用您提供给 gcloud CLI 的凭据。

  安装 Google Cloud CLI，然后通过运行以下命令初始化 Google Cloud CLI：

  gcloud init

删除实例

执行此任务所需的权限

您必须拥有以下权限才能执行此任务：

• 针对实例的 compute.instances.delete 权限

可使用 Google Cloud 控制台、Google Cloud CLI 或 API 删除实例。

控制台

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中前往“虚拟机实例”页面。

   转到“虚拟机实例”页面

2. 选中要删除的实例。
3. 点击删除按钮。

gcloud

使用 gcloud compute instances delete 命令。当您以这种方式删除实例时，实例将被关停并从实例列表中移除，而且附加到该实例的所有资源会被释放，例如永久性磁盘和任何静态 IP 地址。

要删除实例，请使用以下命令：

gcloud compute instances delete example-instance [example-instance-2 example-instance-3..]

C#

using Google.Cloud.Compute.V1;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class DeleteInstanceAsyncSample
{
    public async Task DeleteInstanceAsync(
        // TODO(developer): Set your own default values for these parameters or pass different values when calling this method.
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string zone = "us-central1-a",
        string machineName = "test-machine")
    {

        // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
        // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
        InstancesClient client = await InstancesClient.CreateAsync();

        // Make the request to delete a VM instance.
        var instanceDeletion = await client.DeleteAsync(projectId, zone, machineName);

        // Wait for the operation to complete using client-side polling.
        await instanceDeletion.PollUntilCompletedAsync();
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
)

// deleteInstance sends a delete request to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
func deleteInstance(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.DeleteInstanceRequest{
		Project:  projectID,
		Zone:     zone,
		Instance: instanceName,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Delete(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to delete instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance deleted\n")

	return nil
}

Java

import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.DeleteInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class DeleteInstance {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String project = "your-project-id";
    String zone = "zone-name";
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    deleteInstance(project, zone, instanceName);
  }

  // Delete the instance specified by `instanceName`
  // if it's present in the given project and zone.
  public static void deleteInstance(String project, String zone, String instanceName)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {

      System.out.printf("Deleting instance: %s ", instanceName);

      // Describe which instance is to be deleted.
      DeleteInstanceRequest deleteInstanceRequest = DeleteInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstance(instanceName).build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.deleteAsync(
          deleteInstanceRequest);
      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance deletion failed ! ! " + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b'
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Delete the instance specified by `instanceName` if it's present in the given project and zone.
async function deleteInstance() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  console.log(`Deleting ${instanceName} from ${zone}...`);

  const [response] = await instancesClient.delete({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instance: instanceName,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the delete operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance deleted.');
}

deleteInstance();

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Client\InstancesClient;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\DeleteInstanceRequest;

/**
 * Delete an instance.
 *
 * @param string $projectId Your Google Cloud project ID.
 * @param string $zone Zone where the instance you want to delete is (like "us-central1-a").
 * @param string $instanceName Unique name for the Compute instance to delete.
 *
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ApiException if the remote call fails.
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ValidationException if local error occurs before remote call.
 */
function delete_instance(
    string $projectId,
    string $zone,
    string $instanceName
) {
    // Delete the Compute Engine instance using InstancesClient.
    $instancesClient = new InstancesClient();
    $request = (new DeleteInstanceRequest())
        ->setInstance($instanceName)
        ->setProject($projectId)
        ->setZone($zone);
    $operation = $instancesClient->delete($request);

    // Wait for the operation to complete.
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();
    if ($operation->operationSucceeded()) {
        printf('Deleted instance %s' . PHP_EOL, $instanceName);
    } else {
        $error = $operation->getError();
        printf('Failed to delete instance: %s' . PHP_EOL, $error?->getMessage());
    }
}

Python

from __future__ import annotations

import sys
from typing import Any

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def delete_instance(project_id: str, zone: str, machine_name: str) -> None:
    """
    Send an instance deletion request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone you want to use. For example: “us-west3-b”
        machine_name: name of the machine you want to delete.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    print(f"Deleting {machine_name} from {zone}...")
    operation = instance_client.delete(
        project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=machine_name
    )
    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance deletion")
    print(f"Instance {machine_name} deleted.")

Ruby

require "google/cloud/compute/v1"

# Sends an instance deletion request to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
#
# @param [String] project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
# @param [String] zone name of the zone you want to use. For example: "us-west3-b"
# @param [String] instance_name name of the instance you want to delete.
def delete_instance project:, zone:, instance_name:
  # Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
  # once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
  client = ::Google::Cloud::Compute::V1::Instances::Rest::Client.new

  puts "Deleting #{instance_name} from #{zone}..."
  begin
    # Make the request to delete a VM instance.
    operation = client.delete project: project, zone: zone, instance: instance_name
    # Wait for the delete operation to complete.
    operation = wait_until_done operation: operation

    if operation.error?
      warn "Error during deletion:", operation.error
    else
      compute_operation = operation.operation
      warn "Warning during creation:", compute_operation.warnings unless compute_operation.warnings.empty?
      puts "Instance #{instance_name} deleted."
    end
  rescue ::Google::Cloud::Error => e
    warn "Exception during deletion:", e
  end
end

REST

使用 delete 方法：

DELETE https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-f/instances/example-instance

结算影响

删除虚拟机实例后，除非符合以下任何情况，否则您无需再为该实例付费：

• 如果您删除在单租户节点上托管的虚拟机，则您将继续为单租户节点本身支付费用，而不是为在该节点上托管的各个虚拟机支付费用。
• 如果您有承诺使用合约，则无论您是否使用这些资源，您都需要继续为所承诺的资源付费。
• 如果您保留了挂接到虚拟机实例的任何资源，则系统会继续向您收取这些资源的费用，直到您将其删除。例如，如果您删除虚拟机实例但保留其永久性磁盘，则您将继续为该永久性磁盘支付费用。

如需详细了解价格信息，请参阅虚拟机实例价格。

关停期

当您关闭或删除某个实例时，Compute Engine 会向该实例发送 ACPI 关闭电源信号，并等待一小段时间，让实例彻底关停。如果您的实例在此宽限期后仍在运行，那么即使关停脚本仍在运行，Compute Engine 也会强制终止实例。

关闭期的长度取决于实例的类型。

• 正常实例的关闭期通常至少持续 90 秒，但可能更长。
• 抢占式实例的关停期会持续 30 秒，与抢占过程中发生的关停期长度相同。

如果您选择在这段时间内运行关停脚本，则该脚本必须在此时间段内完成运行，以使操作系统有时间完成关停操作并清空磁盘的缓冲区。

注意：Compute Engine 不保证这些关停期的长度，建议您不要在这些时间限制内创建任何硬依赖项。

后续步骤

• 了解实例生命周期。
• 停止实例，而不是将其永久删除。
• 暂停实例，而不是将其永久删除。
• 限制虚拟机的运行时，以安排自动删除虚拟机，而不是手动删除虚拟机。