This page explains how to create or update a virtual machine (VM) instance to use a minimum CPU platform instead of the default platform. Google data centers offer different generations of CPU processors, which determine the minimum CPU platform.
Specifying a minimum CPU platform is useful if your workload requires the performance gains offered by the generation of a specific processor. However, specifying a minimum CPU platform might limit the zones where you can create your VMs.
Each CPU platform supports incremental features like Advanced Vector Extensions—for example, AVX2 and AVX-512. Some fundamental systems-related features like clock speed and memory access seek time can vary among CPU platforms.
Before you begin
- If you want to use the command-line examples in this guide, do the following:
- Install or update to the latest version of the Google Cloud CLI.
- Set a default region and zone.
- If you want to use the API examples in this guide, set up API access.
When to select a minimum CPU platform
More than likely, you don't need to select a minimum CPU platform. Each Compute Engine zone has a default CPU platform that Google occasionally retires or updates. If you create a VM without a minimum CPU specification, the VM gets the default CPU platform.
Google recommends that you only select a minimum CPU platform if it offers significant performance gains for your workload, or if it provides capabilities such as AVX2 or AVX-512 that your code utilizes. Selecting a minimum CPU platform for your VM introduces constraints that affect your ability to start VMs in zones where some CPU platforms are in limited supply.
How selecting a minimum CPU platform works
When you specify a minimum CPU platform, consider the following:
- Compute Engine always uses the minimum CPU platform where available.
- If Google retires or updates a CPU platform in a zone, your VM can continue to run on a more recent CPU platform that's available in that zone if you stop and restart the VM. Retiring CPU platforms occurs infrequently. Google notifies you before it retires or updates a CPU platform.
After you select a minimum CPU platform for a VM, the following behavior occurs:
- Your VM uses this CPU platform unless you stop the VM and change the CPU platform.
- During a live migration, your VM retains the selected CPU platform.
Retiring or upgrading a default CPU platform
Occasionally, Google retires a CPU platform or updates the default CPU platform in a particular zone. The following reasons apply:
- A zone grows in capacity over time and proactively switches to a newer CPU platform as the platform becomes available.
- Every 3-5 years, Google replaces older CPU platforms with newer platforms, and it updates the default CPU platform to the next newest platform that's available in that zone.
At any time, when a new region or zone is built, it uses the newest CPU platform.
When a zone is retired or a default CPU platform for a zone changes, Google notifies affected customers with a detailed timeline and specific instructions to transition to the newer platform.
VMs never use a platform that's older than the minimum CPU platform that you specify. If Compute Engine transitions your VM to a more recent platform, the cost of the VM doesn't change.
Limitations
- Different regions and zones support multiple CPU processors.
- You cannot select a minimum CPU platform for predefined or custom E2 VMs.
- You cannot select a minimum CPU platform for the following
shared-core, general-purpose VMs:
e2-micro
e2-small
e2-medium
f1-micro
g1-small
Availability of CPU platforms
The availability of CPU platforms varies across zones and is based on the hardware and machine family that is available in each zone. The following list shows the supported minimum CPU platforms and the valid syntax for each platform:
- 3rd Generation: Intel Xeon (Ice Lake) processors:
"Intel Ice Lake"
- 2nd Generation: Intel Xeon (Cascade Lake) processors:
"Intel Cascade Lake"
- 1st Generation: Intel Xeon (Skylake) processors:
"Intel Skylake"
- Intel Xeon E5 v4 (Broadwell) processors:
"Intel Broadwell"
- Intel Xeon E5 v3 (Haswell) processors:
"Intel Haswell"
- Intel Xeon E5 (Sandy Bridge) processors:
"Intel Sandy Bridge"
- AMD EPYC Rome processors:
"AMD Rome"
- AMD EPYC Milan processors:
"AMD Milan"
Consider the following:
- Only certain zones contain multiple CPU platforms and are available for
minimum CPU platform selection. You can view a list of supported platforms
for a specific zone by using the
gcloud compute zones describe
command or by making a request to the API. If you're using sole-tenant nodes, each node uses the CPU platform corresponding to the node type that you defined in the node template. As a result, you cannot specify a minimum CPU platform for VMs that use sole-tenant nodes.
gcloud
To view the CPU platforms that are available in your zone, use the
gcloud compute zones describe
command:gcloud compute zones describe ZONE
Replace
ZONE
with the name of the zone to check for available CPU platforms—for example,us-west1-a
.The following output from this command lists CPU platforms for the
us-west1-a
zone:gcloud compute zones describe us-west1-a availableCpuPlatforms: - Intel Skylake - Intel Broadwell ...
API
In the Compute Engine API, make a
GET
request to the zone that you're considering:GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/ZONE
Replace
ZONE
with the name of the zone to check for available CPU platforms.The following output from this command lists supported CPU platforms for a zone:
{ "kind": "compute#zone", "id": "2210", "creationTimestamp": "2016-06-10T09:30:55.189-07:00", "name": "us-west1-a", "description": "us-west1-a", "status": "UP", "region": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/regions/us-west1", "selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-west1-a", "availableCpuPlatforms": [ "Intel Broadwell", "Intel Haswell" ] }
Selecting a minimum CPU platform for a new VM
You can specify a minimum CPU platform during instance creation.
Console
In the Google Cloud console, go to the Create an instance page.
In the Machine configuration section, expand the CPU platform and GPU section, and then do the following:
- In the CPU Platform list, select a platform for the VM's CPU.
Continue with the rest of the VM creation process.
gcloud
To create a new VM that uses a minimum CPU platform, use the
gcloud compute instances create
command and provide the--min-cpu-platform
flag:gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE \ --zone=ZONE \ --min-cpu-platform="PLATFORM"
Replace the following:
INSTANCE
: the name of the instance that you want to createZONE
: the name of the zone where you want to create your instance—for example,europe-west1-b
PLATFORM
: the friendly name of the minimum CPU platform that you want the instance to use—for example,Intel Sandy Bridge
If you want to clear the minimum CPU platform specification, replace
PLATFORM
withAUTOMATIC
.Use the available zones section to determine which platforms are available for each zone.
API
In the Compute Engine API, include the
minCpuPlatform
property as part of the request body.For example, a request body might look like this:
"name": "INSTANCE", "machineType": "zones/ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE", "minCpuPlatform": "PLATFORM", "networkInterfaces": [{ "accessConfigs": [{ "type": "ONE_TO_ONE_NAT", "name": "External NAT" }], "network": "global/networks/default" }], "disks": [{ "autoDelete": "true", "boot": "true", "type": "PERSISTENT", "initializeParams": { "sourceImage": "projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/family/IMAGE_FAMILY" } }]
Replace the following:
INSTANCE
: the name of the new instanceZONE
: the name of the zone where you want to create your VM—for example,europe-west1-b
MACHINE_TYPE
: the machine type of the new VMPLATFORM
: the friendly name of the minimum CPU platform that you want the instance to use—for example,Intel Ivy Bridge
If you want to clear the minimum CPU platform specification, replace
PLATFORM
withAUTOMATIC
.IMAGE_PROJECT
: the image project of the image familyIMAGE_FAMILY
: the image family of the image to use to create the VM
Setting a minimum CPU platform for an existing VM
You can set a minimum CPU platform for an existing instance. You first stop the instance, and then you set the minimum CPU platform.
Console
Go to the VM instances page.
If prompted, select your project and click Continue.
Select the VM that you want to change.
Click Stop.
To edit the instance, click Edit.
In the Machine configuration section, click CPU platform and GPU.
From the CPU Platform drop-down menu, select an option.
Save your changes.
Select the VM that you changed.
Click Start/Resume.
gcloud
To stop a VM, use the
gcloud compute instances stop
command:gcloud compute instances stop INSTANCE
Replace
INSTANCE
with the name of the instance that you want to specify a minimum CPU platform for.To specify a minimum CPU platform, use the
gcloud compute instances update
command, and provide the--min-cpu-platform
flag:gcloud compute instances update INSTANCE \ --min-cpu-platform="PLATFORM"
Replace
PLATFORM
with the friendly name of the minimum CPU platform that you want the instance to use—for example,Intel Cascade Lake
.To start the updated VM, use the
gcloud compute instances start
command:gcloud compute instances start INSTANCE
API
To stop a VM, construct a
POST
request using theinstances.stop
method:POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/INSTANCE/stop
Replace the following:
PROJECT_ID
: the ID of the projectZONE
: the zone where your VM is locatedINSTANCE
: the name of the instance that you want to specify a minimum CPU platform for
To set the minimum CPU platform in the API, make a
POST
request to thesetMinCpuPlatform
method and set theminCpuPlatform
property in the request body:POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/INSTANCE/setMinCpuPlatform { "minCpuPlatform": PLATFORM }
Replace
PLATFORM
with the friendly name of the minimum CPU platform that you want the instance to use—for example,Intel Skylake
.To restart the VM, construct a
POST
request using theinstances.start
method:POST https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/INSTANCE/start
Removing a minimum CPU platform setting
You can update an instance to use the default CPU platform instead of the minimum CPU platform. If the instance is running, you must stop it before you make changes.
Console
Go to the VM instances page.
If prompted, select your project and click Continue.
Select the VM that you want to change.
Click Stop.
To edit the instance, click Edit.
In the Machine configuration section, click CPU platform and GPU.
Change the CPU Platform option to Automatic.
Select the VM that you changed.
Click Start/Resume.
gcloud
To stop a VM, use the
gcloud compute instances stop
command:gcloud compute instances stop INSTANCE
Replace
INSTANCE
with the name of the instance that you want to change.To reset the minimum CPU platform, use the
gcloud compute instances update
command and set the--min-cpu-platform
flag toAUTOMATIC
:gcloud compute instances update INSTANCE \ --min-cpu-platform="AUTOMATIC"
To start the updated VM, use the
gcloud compute instances start
command:gcloud compute instances start INSTANCE
API
To stop a VM, construct a
POST
request using theinstances.stop
method:POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/INSTANCE/stop
Replace the following:
PROJECT_ID
: the ID of the projectZONE
: the zone where your VM is locatedINSTANCE
: the name of the instance that you want to change
To reset the minimum CPU platform, make a
POST
request to thesetMinCpuPlatform
method. In the request body, set theminCpuPlatform
property value toAUTOMATIC
.POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/INSTANCE/setMinCpuPlatform { "minCpuPlatform": AUTOMATIC }
To start the updated VM, use the
gcloud compute instances start
command:gcloud compute instances start INSTANCE
Specifying a minimum CPU platform in instance templates
If you use managed instance groups, you can specify a minimum CPU platform for VM instances within a managed instance group.
To specify a minimum CPU platform,
create an instance template
that includes the minCpuPlatform
property.
Console
Go to the Instance templates page.
If prompted, select your project and click Continue.
Click Create instance template.
In the Machine configuration section, click CPU platform and GPU.
From the CPU Platform drop-down menu, select an option.
Continue with the instance template creation process.
gcloud
When you create an instance template using the
gcloud compute instance-templates create
command, provide the--min-cpu-platform
flag:gcloud compute instance-templates create TEMPLATE_NAME \ --min-cpu-platform="PLATFORM"
Replace the following:
TEMPLATE_NAME
: the name of the instance templatePLATFORM
: the friendly name of the minimum CPU platform that you want the instance to use—for example,Intel Skylake
API
In the API, add the
minCpuPlatform
as part of your request to create a new instance template in the Compute Engine API.For example, the following instance template contains the minimum required fields for creating a new template with the addition of the
minCpuPlatform
property:{ "name": "example-template", "properties": { "machineType": "zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/n1-standard-2", "minCpuPlatform": "Intel Haswell", "networkInterfaces": [ { "network": "global/networks/default", "accessConfigs": [ { "type": "PERSISTENT", "boot": true, "mode": "READ_WRITE", "initializeParams": { "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-10" } } ] } ], "disks": [ { "type": "PERSISTENT", "boot": true, "mode": "READ_WRITE", "initializeParams": { "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-10" } } ] } }
What's next
- See a list of CPU platforms on Compute Engine.
- Change the machine type for an instance.
- Learn more about regions and zones.
- Create and start Windows Server or SQL Server instances.