Quickstart: Using client libraries

This page shows you how to get started with the BigQuery API in your favorite programming language.

Before you begin

Sign in to your Google Account.
If you don't already have one, sign up for a new account.
In the Google Cloud Console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

Go to the project selector page
Enable the BigQuery API.
Enable the API

Set up authentication:
1. In the Cloud Console, go to the Create service account key page.
  Go to the Create Service Account Key page
2. From the Service account list, select New service account.
3. In the Service account name field, enter a name.
4. From the Role list, select Project > Owner.
  
  Note: The Role field affects which resources your service account can access in your project. You can revoke these roles or grant additional roles later. In production environments, do not grant the Owner, Editor, or Viewer roles. For more information, see Granting, changing, and revoking access to resources.
5. Click Create. A JSON file that contains your key downloads to your computer.
Set the environment variable GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS to the path of the JSON file that contains your service account key. This variable only applies to your current shell session, so if you open a new session, set the variable again.
Example: Linux or macOS

Replace [PATH] with the path of the JSON file that contains your service account key.
```
export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="[PATH]"
```
For example:
```
export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/home/user/Downloads/service-account-file.json"
```
Example: Windows

Replace [PATH] with the path of the JSON file that contains your service account key.

With PowerShell:
```
$env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="[PATH]"
```
For example:
```
$env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="C:\Users\username\Downloads\my-key.json"
```
With command prompt:
```
set GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=[PATH]
```

Install the client library

C#

For more on setting up your C# development environment, refer to the C# Development Environment Setup Guide.

Install-Package Google.Cloud.BigQuery.V2 -Pre

Go

go mod init YOUR_MODULE_NAME
go get cloud.google.com/go/bigquery

Java

For more on setting up your Java development environment, refer to the Java Development Environment Setup Guide.

If you are using Maven, add the following to your pom.xml file. For more information about BOMs, see The Google Cloud Platform Libraries BOM.

<!--  Using libraries-bom to manage versions.
See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cloud-opensource-java/wiki/The-Google-Cloud-Platform-Libraries-BOM -->
<dependencyManagement>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>libraries-bom</artifactId>
      <version>18.0.0</version>
      <type>pom</type>
      <scope>import</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>google-cloud-bigquery</artifactId>
  </dependency>

If you are using Gradle, add the following to your dependencies:

implementation platform('com.google.cloud:libraries-bom:18.0.0')

compile 'com.google.cloud:google-cloud-bigquery'

If you are using sbt, add the following to your dependencies:

libraryDependencies += "com.google.cloud" % "google-cloud-bigquery" % "1.127.5"

If you're using IntelliJ or Eclipse, you can add client libraries to your project using the following IDE plugins:

The plugins provide additional functionality, such as key management for service accounts. Refer to each plugin's documentation for details.

Node.js

For more on setting up your Node.js development environment, refer to the Node.js Development Environment Setup Guide.

npm install --save @google-cloud/bigquery

PHP

composer require google/cloud-bigquery

Python

For more on setting up your Python development environment, refer to the Python Development Environment Setup Guide.

pip install --upgrade google-cloud-bigquery

Ruby

For more on setting up your Ruby development environment, refer to the Ruby Development Environment Setup Guide.

gem install google-cloud-bigquery

Import the libraries

C#

For more information, see the BigQuery C# API reference documentation.

bigquery/api/SimpleApp/Program.cs

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using System;
using Google.Cloud.BigQuery.V2;

Go

For more information, see the BigQuery Go API reference documentation.

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"os"

	"cloud.google.com/go/bigquery"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

Java

For more information, see the BigQuery Java API reference documentation.

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import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.FieldValueList;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Job;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.JobId;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.JobInfo;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.QueryJobConfiguration;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableResult;
import java.util.UUID;

Node.js

For more information, see the BigQuery Node.js API reference documentation.

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// Import the Google Cloud client library
const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');

PHP

For more information, see the BigQuery PHP API reference documentation.

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use Google\Cloud\BigQuery\BigQueryClient;

Python

For more information, see the BigQuery Python API reference documentation.

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from google.cloud import bigquery

Ruby

For more information, see the BigQuery Ruby API reference documentation.

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require "google/cloud/bigquery"

Initialize a BigQuery client

C#

Use the BigQueryClient.Create() function to create the BigQuery client.

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string projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID";
var client = BigQueryClient.Create(projectId);

Go

Use the bigquery.NewClient() function to create the BigQuery client.

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ctx := context.Background()

client, err := bigquery.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("bigquery.NewClient: %v", err)
}
defer client.Close()

Java

Use the BigQueryOptions.getDefaultInstance() function to use the default authentication options. Use the BigQueryOptions.getService() function to create the BigQuery client.

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BigQuery bigquery = BigQueryOptions.getDefaultInstance().getService();

Node.js

Instantiate the BigQuery class to create the BigQuery client.

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// Create a client
const bigqueryClient = new BigQuery();

PHP

Instantiate the BigQueryClient class to create the BigQuery client.

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$bigQuery = new BigQueryClient([
    'projectId' => $projectId,
]);

Python

Instantiate the bigquery.Client class to create the BigQuery client.

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client = bigquery.Client()

Ruby

Use the Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new function to create the BigQuery client.

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# This uses Application Default Credentials to authenticate.
# @see https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/authentication/getting-started
bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new

Running queries

Query the Stack Overflow public dataset to find the most viewed questions tagged with google-bigquery.

SELECT
  CONCAT(
    'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
    CAST(id as STRING)) as url,
  view_count
FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`
WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
ORDER BY view_count DESC
LIMIT 10

This query uses standard SQL syntax, which is described in the query reference guide. The client libraries default to standard SQL syntax. See Switching SQL dialects to change SQL dialects.

Running the query

Query using the authenticated BigQuery client.

C#

Define a query string and use the client.ExecuteQuery() function to submit the query and get the results.

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string query = @"SELECT
    CONCAT(
        'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
        CAST(id as STRING)) as url, view_count
    FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`
    WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
    ORDER BY view_count DESC
    LIMIT 10";
var result = client.ExecuteQuery(query, parameters: null);

Go

Use the bigquery.Query() function to define a query and Query.Read() function to submit the query and get the results.

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query := client.Query(
	`SELECT
		CONCAT(
			'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
			CAST(id as STRING)) as url,
		view_count
	FROM ` + "`bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`" + `
	WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
	ORDER BY view_count DESC
	LIMIT 10;`)
return query.Read(ctx)

Java

Define the query with a QueryJobConfiguration instance. Start the query job with the BigQuery.create() method.

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QueryJobConfiguration queryConfig =
    QueryJobConfiguration.newBuilder(
            "SELECT commit, author, repo_name "
                + "FROM `bigquery-public-data.github_repos.commits` "
                + "WHERE subject like '%bigquery%' "
                + "ORDER BY subject DESC LIMIT 10")
        // Use standard SQL syntax for queries.
        // See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/sql-reference/
        .setUseLegacySql(false)
        .build();

// Create a job ID so that we can safely retry.
JobId jobId = JobId.of(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
Job queryJob = bigquery.create(JobInfo.newBuilder(queryConfig).setJobId(jobId).build());

// Wait for the query to complete.
queryJob = queryJob.waitFor();

// Check for errors
if (queryJob == null) {
  throw new RuntimeException("Job no longer exists");
} else if (queryJob.getStatus().getError() != null) {
  // You can also look at queryJob.getStatus().getExecutionErrors() for all
  // errors, not just the latest one.
  throw new RuntimeException(queryJob.getStatus().getError().toString());
}

Node.js

Use the BigQuery.query() method to start the query.

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// The SQL query to run
const sqlQuery = `SELECT
  CONCAT(
    'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
    CAST(id as STRING)) as url,
  view_count
  FROM \`bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions\`
  WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
  ORDER BY view_count DESC
  LIMIT 10`;

const options = {
  query: sqlQuery,
  // Location must match that of the dataset(s) referenced in the query.
  location: 'US',
};

// Run the query
const [rows] = await bigqueryClient.query(options);

PHP

Create a query configuration and use the BigQueryClient.startQuery() method to start the query.

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$query = <<<ENDSQL
SELECT
  CONCAT(
    'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
    CAST(id as STRING)) as url,
  view_count
FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`
WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
ORDER BY view_count DESC
LIMIT 10;
ENDSQL;
$queryJobConfig = $bigQuery->query($query);
$queryResults = $bigQuery->runQuery($queryJobConfig);

Python

Use the Client.query() method to start the query.

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query_job = client.query(
    """
    SELECT
      CONCAT(
        'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
        CAST(id as STRING)) as url,
      view_count
    FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`
    WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
    ORDER BY view_count DESC
    LIMIT 10"""
)

results = query_job.result()  # Waits for job to complete.

Ruby

Use the Google::Cloud::Bigquery::Project.query function to start a query and wait for the results.

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sql     = "SELECT " \
          "CONCAT('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/', " \
          "       CAST(id as STRING)) as url, view_count " \
          "FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions` " \
          "WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%' " \
          "ORDER BY view_count DESC LIMIT 10"
results = bigquery.query sql

For more examples of running BigQuery queries, see:

Displaying the query result

Display the query results.

C#

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Console.Write("\nQuery Results:\n------------\n");
foreach (var row in result)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"{row["url"]}: {row["view_count"]} views");
}

Go

Use the RowIterator.Next() function to load each row into a struct pointer.

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type StackOverflowRow struct {
	URL       string `bigquery:"url"`
	ViewCount int64  `bigquery:"view_count"`
}

// printResults prints results from a query to the Stack Overflow public dataset.
func printResults(w io.Writer, iter *bigquery.RowIterator) error {
	for {
		var row StackOverflowRow
		err := iter.Next(&row)
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("error iterating through results: %v", err)
		}

		fmt.Fprintf(w, "url: %s views: %d\n", row.URL, row.ViewCount)
	}
}

Java

Iterate over the QueryResponse to get all the rows in the results. The iterator automatically handles pagination. Each FieldList exposes the columns by numeric index or column name.

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// Get the results.
TableResult result = queryJob.getQueryResults();

// Print all pages of the results.
for (FieldValueList row : result.iterateAll()) {
  // String type
  String commit = row.get("commit").getStringValue();
  // Record type
  FieldValueList author = row.get("author").getRecordValue();
  String name = author.get("name").getStringValue();
  String email = author.get("email").getStringValue();
  // String Repeated type
  String repoName = row.get("repo_name").getRecordValue().get(0).getStringValue();
  System.out.printf(
      "Repo name: %s Author name: %s email: %s commit: %s\n", repoName, name, email, commit);
}

Node.js

Query results are returned as a list of rows, where each row is a dictionary.

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console.log('Query Results:');
rows.forEach(row => {
  const url = row['url'];
  const viewCount = row['view_count'];
  console.log(`url: ${url}, ${viewCount} views`);
});

PHP

Call the Job.queryResults() method to wait for the query to finish. Each row in the query results is an associative array.

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if ($queryResults->isComplete()) {
    $i = 0;
    $rows = $queryResults->rows();
    foreach ($rows as $row) {
        printf('--- Row %s ---' . PHP_EOL, ++$i);
        printf('url: %s, %s views' . PHP_EOL, $row['url'], $row['view_count']);
    }
    printf('Found %s row(s)' . PHP_EOL, $i);
} else {
    throw new Exception('The query failed to complete');
}

Python

Iterate over the RowIterator to get all the rows in the results. The iterator automatically handles pagination. Each Row exposes the columns by numeric index, column name, or as Python attributes.

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for row in results:
    print("{} : {} views".format(row.url, row.view_count))

Ruby

The Google::Cloud::Bigquery::Data class exposes each row as a hash.

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results.each do |row|
  puts "#{row[:url]}: #{row[:view_count]} views"
end

Learn more about working with data rows in BigQuery:

Complete source code

Here is the complete source code for the sample.

C#

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using System;
using Google.Cloud.BigQuery.V2;

namespace GoogleCloudSamples
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID";
            var client = BigQueryClient.Create(projectId);
            string query = @"SELECT
                CONCAT(
                    'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
                    CAST(id as STRING)) as url, view_count
                FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`
                WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
                ORDER BY view_count DESC
                LIMIT 10";
            var result = client.ExecuteQuery(query, parameters: null);
            Console.Write("\nQuery Results:\n------------\n");
            foreach (var row in result)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{row["url"]}: {row["view_count"]} views");
            }
        }
    }
}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"os"

	"cloud.google.com/go/bigquery"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)


func main() {
	projectID := os.Getenv("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT")
	if projectID == "" {
		fmt.Println("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT environment variable must be set.")
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	ctx := context.Background()

	client, err := bigquery.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("bigquery.NewClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	rows, err := query(ctx, client)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	if err := printResults(os.Stdout, rows); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

// query returns a row iterator suitable for reading query results.
func query(ctx context.Context, client *bigquery.Client) (*bigquery.RowIterator, error) {

	query := client.Query(
		`SELECT
			CONCAT(
				'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
				CAST(id as STRING)) as url,
			view_count
		FROM ` + "`bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`" + `
		WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
		ORDER BY view_count DESC
		LIMIT 10;`)
	return query.Read(ctx)
}

type StackOverflowRow struct {
	URL       string `bigquery:"url"`
	ViewCount int64  `bigquery:"view_count"`
}

// printResults prints results from a query to the Stack Overflow public dataset.
func printResults(w io.Writer, iter *bigquery.RowIterator) error {
	for {
		var row StackOverflowRow
		err := iter.Next(&row)
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("error iterating through results: %v", err)
		}

		fmt.Fprintf(w, "url: %s views: %d\n", row.URL, row.ViewCount)
	}
}

Java

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import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.FieldValueList;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Job;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.JobId;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.JobInfo;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.QueryJobConfiguration;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableResult;
import java.util.UUID;


public class SimpleApp {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    BigQuery bigquery = BigQueryOptions.getDefaultInstance().getService();
    QueryJobConfiguration queryConfig =
        QueryJobConfiguration.newBuilder(
                "SELECT commit, author, repo_name "
                    + "FROM `bigquery-public-data.github_repos.commits` "
                    + "WHERE subject like '%bigquery%' "
                    + "ORDER BY subject DESC LIMIT 10")
            // Use standard SQL syntax for queries.
            // See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/sql-reference/
            .setUseLegacySql(false)
            .build();

    // Create a job ID so that we can safely retry.
    JobId jobId = JobId.of(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
    Job queryJob = bigquery.create(JobInfo.newBuilder(queryConfig).setJobId(jobId).build());

    // Wait for the query to complete.
    queryJob = queryJob.waitFor();

    // Check for errors
    if (queryJob == null) {
      throw new RuntimeException("Job no longer exists");
    } else if (queryJob.getStatus().getError() != null) {
      // You can also look at queryJob.getStatus().getExecutionErrors() for all
      // errors, not just the latest one.
      throw new RuntimeException(queryJob.getStatus().getError().toString());
    }

    // Get the results.
    TableResult result = queryJob.getQueryResults();

    // Print all pages of the results.
    for (FieldValueList row : result.iterateAll()) {
      // String type
      String commit = row.get("commit").getStringValue();
      // Record type
      FieldValueList author = row.get("author").getRecordValue();
      String name = author.get("name").getStringValue();
      String email = author.get("email").getStringValue();
      // String Repeated type
      String repoName = row.get("repo_name").getRecordValue().get(0).getStringValue();
      System.out.printf(
          "Repo name: %s Author name: %s email: %s commit: %s\n", repoName, name, email, commit);
    }
  }
}

Node.js

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// Import the Google Cloud client library
const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');

async function queryStackOverflow() {
  // Queries a public Stack Overflow dataset.

  // Create a client
  const bigqueryClient = new BigQuery();

  // The SQL query to run
  const sqlQuery = `SELECT
    CONCAT(
      'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
      CAST(id as STRING)) as url,
    view_count
    FROM \`bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions\`
    WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
    ORDER BY view_count DESC
    LIMIT 10`;

  const options = {
    query: sqlQuery,
    // Location must match that of the dataset(s) referenced in the query.
    location: 'US',
  };

  // Run the query
  const [rows] = await bigqueryClient.query(options);

  console.log('Query Results:');
  rows.forEach(row => {
    const url = row['url'];
    const viewCount = row['view_count'];
    console.log(`url: ${url}, ${viewCount} views`);
  });
}
queryStackOverflow();

PHP

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require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use Google\Cloud\BigQuery\BigQueryClient;


// get the project ID as the first argument
if (2 != count($argv)) {
    die("Usage: php stackoverflow.php YOUR_PROJECT_ID\n");
}

$projectId = $argv[1];

$bigQuery = new BigQueryClient([
    'projectId' => $projectId,
]);
$query = <<<ENDSQL
SELECT
  CONCAT(
    'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
    CAST(id as STRING)) as url,
  view_count
FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`
WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
ORDER BY view_count DESC
LIMIT 10;
ENDSQL;
$queryJobConfig = $bigQuery->query($query);
$queryResults = $bigQuery->runQuery($queryJobConfig);

if ($queryResults->isComplete()) {
    $i = 0;
    $rows = $queryResults->rows();
    foreach ($rows as $row) {
        printf('--- Row %s ---' . PHP_EOL, ++$i);
        printf('url: %s, %s views' . PHP_EOL, $row['url'], $row['view_count']);
    }
    printf('Found %s row(s)' . PHP_EOL, $i);
} else {
    throw new Exception('The query failed to complete');
}

Python

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from google.cloud import bigquery



def query_stackoverflow():
    client = bigquery.Client()
    query_job = client.query(
        """
        SELECT
          CONCAT(
            'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
            CAST(id as STRING)) as url,
          view_count
        FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`
        WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%'
        ORDER BY view_count DESC
        LIMIT 10"""
    )

    results = query_job.result()  # Waits for job to complete.

    for row in results:
        print("{} : {} views".format(row.url, row.view_count))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    query_stackoverflow()

Ruby

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require "google/cloud/bigquery"

# This uses Application Default Credentials to authenticate.
# @see https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/authentication/getting-started
bigquery = Google::Cloud::Bigquery.new

sql     = "SELECT " \
          "CONCAT('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/', " \
          "       CAST(id as STRING)) as url, view_count " \
          "FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions` " \
          "WHERE tags like '%google-bigquery%' " \
          "ORDER BY view_count DESC LIMIT 10"
results = bigquery.query sql

results.each do |row|
  puts "#{row[:url]}: #{row[:view_count]} views"
end

Congratulations! You've sent your first request to BigQuery.

How did it go?

What's next

Find out more about our BigQuery API Client Libraries.