Migrate schema and data from Amazon Redshift

This document describes the process of migrating data from Amazon Redshift to BigQuery using public IP addresses.

You can use the BigQuery Data Transfer Service to copy your data from an Amazon Redshift data warehouse to BigQuery. The service engages migration agents in GKE and triggers an unload operation from Amazon Redshift to a staging area in an Amazon S3 bucket. Then the BigQuery Data Transfer Service transfers your data from the Amazon S3 bucket to BigQuery.

This diagram shows the overall flow of data between an Amazon Redshift data warehouse and BigQuery during a migration.

Workflow of Amazon Redshift to BigQuery migration.

If you'd like to transfer data from your Amazon Redshift instance through a virtual private cloud (VPC) using private IP addresses, see Migrating Amazon Redshift data with VPC.

Before you begin

  1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

  2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Go to project selector

  3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  4. Enable the BigQuery and BigQuery Data Transfer Service APIs.

    Enable the APIs

    5.

  5. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Go to project selector

  6. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  7. Enable the BigQuery and BigQuery Data Transfer Service APIs.

    Enable the APIs

    8.

Set required permissions

Before creating an Amazon Redshift transfer:

  1. Ensure that the principal creating the transfer has the following permissions in the project containing the transfer job:

    • bigquery.transfers.update permissions to create the transfer
    • Both bigquery.datasets.get and bigquery.datasets.update permissions on the target dataset

    The roles/bigquery.admin predefined Identity and Access Management (IAM) role includes bigquery.transfers.update, bigquery.datasets.update and bigquery.datasets.get permissions. For more information on IAM roles in BigQuery Data Transfer Service, see Access control.

  2. Consult the documentation for Amazon S3 to ensure you have configured any permissions necessary to enable the transfer. At a minimum, the Amazon S3 source data must have the AWS managed policy AmazonS3ReadOnlyAccess applied to it.

Create a dataset

Create a BigQuery dataset to store your data. You do not need to create any tables.

Grant access to your Amazon Redshift cluster

Follow the instructions in Configure inbound rules for SQL clients to allowlist the following IP addresses. You can allowlist the IP addresses that correspond to your dataset's location, or you can allowlist all of the IP addresses in the table below. These Google-owned IP addresses are reserved for Amazon Redshift data migrations.

Regional locations

Region description Region name IP addresses
Americas
Columbus, Ohio us-east5 34.162.72.184
34.162.173.185
34.162.205.205
34.162.81.45
34.162.182.149
34.162.59.92
34.162.157.190
34.162.191.145
Dallas us-south1 34.174.172.89
34.174.40.67
34.174.5.11
34.174.96.109
34.174.148.99
34.174.176.19
34.174.253.135
34.174.129.163
Iowa us-central1 34.121.70.114
34.71.81.17
34.122.223.84
34.121.145.212
35.232.1.105
35.202.145.227
35.226.82.216
35.225.241.102
Las Vegas us-west4 34.125.53.201
34.125.69.174
34.125.159.85
34.125.152.1
34.125.195.166
34.125.50.249
34.125.68.55
34.125.91.116
Los Angeles us-west2 35.236.59.167
34.94.132.139
34.94.207.21
34.94.81.187
34.94.88.122
35.235.101.187
34.94.238.66
34.94.195.77
Montréal northamerica-northeast1 34.95.20.253
35.203.31.219
34.95.22.233
34.95.27.99
35.203.12.23
35.203.39.46
35.203.116.49
35.203.104.223
Northern Virginia us-east4 35.245.95.250
35.245.126.228
35.236.225.172
35.245.86.140
35.199.31.35
35.199.19.115
35.230.167.48
35.245.128.132
35.245.111.126
35.236.209.21
Oregon us-west1 35.197.117.207
35.199.178.12
35.197.86.233
34.82.155.140
35.247.28.48
35.247.31.246
35.247.106.13
34.105.85.54
Salt Lake City us-west3 34.106.37.58
34.106.85.113
34.106.28.153
34.106.64.121
34.106.246.131
34.106.56.150
34.106.41.31
34.106.182.92
São Paolo southamerica-east1 35.199.88.228
34.95.169.140
35.198.53.30
34.95.144.215
35.247.250.120
35.247.255.158
34.95.231.121
35.198.8.157
Santiago southamerica-west1 34.176.188.48
34.176.38.192
34.176.205.134
34.176.102.161
34.176.197.198
34.176.223.236
34.176.47.188
34.176.14.80
South Carolina us-east1 35.196.207.183
35.237.231.98
104.196.102.222
35.231.13.201
34.75.129.215
34.75.127.9
35.229.36.137
35.237.91.139
Toronto northamerica-northeast2 34.124.116.108
34.124.116.107
34.124.116.102
34.124.116.80
34.124.116.72
34.124.116.85
34.124.116.20
34.124.116.68
Europe
Belgium europe-west1 35.240.36.149
35.205.171.56
34.76.234.4
35.205.38.234
34.77.237.73
35.195.107.238
35.195.52.87
34.76.102.189
Berlin europe-west10 34.32.28.80
34.32.31.206
34.32.19.49
34.32.33.71
34.32.15.174
34.32.23.7
34.32.1.208
34.32.8.3
Finland europe-north1 35.228.35.94
35.228.183.156
35.228.211.18
35.228.146.84
35.228.103.114
35.228.53.184
35.228.203.85
35.228.183.138
Frankfurt europe-west3 35.246.153.144
35.198.80.78
35.246.181.106
35.246.211.135
34.89.165.108
35.198.68.187
35.242.223.6
34.89.137.180
London europe-west2 35.189.119.113
35.189.101.107
35.189.69.131
35.197.205.93
35.189.121.178
35.189.121.41
35.189.85.30
35.197.195.192
Madrid europe-southwest1 34.175.99.115
34.175.186.237
34.175.39.130
34.175.135.49
34.175.1.49
34.175.95.94
34.175.102.118
34.175.166.114
Milan europe-west8 34.154.183.149
34.154.40.104
34.154.59.51
34.154.86.2
34.154.182.20
34.154.127.144
34.154.201.251
34.154.0.104
Netherlands europe-west4 35.204.237.173
35.204.18.163
34.91.86.224
34.90.184.136
34.91.115.67
34.90.218.6
34.91.147.143
34.91.253.1
Paris europe-west9 34.163.76.229
34.163.153.68
34.155.181.30
34.155.85.234
34.155.230.192
34.155.175.220
34.163.68.177
34.163.157.151
Turin europe-west12 34.17.15.186
34.17.44.123
34.17.41.160
34.17.47.82
34.17.43.109
34.17.38.236
34.17.34.223
34.17.16.47
Warsaw europe-central2 34.118.72.8
34.118.45.245
34.118.69.169
34.116.244.189
34.116.170.150
34.118.97.148
34.116.148.164
34.116.168.127
Zürich europe-west6 34.65.205.160
34.65.121.140
34.65.196.143
34.65.9.133
34.65.156.193
34.65.216.124
34.65.233.83
34.65.168.250
Asia Pacific
Delhi asia-south2 34.126.212.96
34.126.212.85
34.126.208.224
34.126.212.94
34.126.208.226
34.126.212.232
34.126.212.93
34.126.212.206
Hong Kong asia-east2 34.92.245.180
35.241.116.105
35.220.240.216
35.220.188.244
34.92.196.78
34.92.165.209
35.220.193.228
34.96.153.178
Jakarta asia-southeast2 34.101.79.105
34.101.129.32
34.101.244.197
34.101.100.180
34.101.109.205
34.101.185.189
34.101.179.27
34.101.197.251
Melbourne australia-southeast2 34.126.196.95
34.126.196.106
34.126.196.126
34.126.196.96
34.126.196.112
34.126.196.99
34.126.196.76
34.126.196.68
Mumbai asia-south1 34.93.67.112
35.244.0.1
35.200.245.13
35.200.203.161
34.93.209.130
34.93.120.224
35.244.10.12
35.200.186.100
Osaka asia-northeast2 34.97.94.51
34.97.118.176
34.97.63.76
34.97.159.156
34.97.113.218
34.97.4.108
34.97.119.140
34.97.30.191
Seoul asia-northeast3 34.64.152.215
34.64.140.241
34.64.133.199
34.64.174.192
34.64.145.219
34.64.136.56
34.64.247.158
34.64.135.220
Singapore asia-southeast1 34.87.12.235
34.87.63.5
34.87.91.51
35.198.197.191
35.240.253.175
35.247.165.193
35.247.181.82
35.247.189.103
Sydney australia-southeast1 35.189.33.150
35.189.38.5
35.189.29.88
35.189.22.179
35.189.20.163
35.189.29.83
35.189.31.141
35.189.14.219
Taiwan asia-east1 35.221.201.20
35.194.177.253
34.80.17.79
34.80.178.20
34.80.174.198
35.201.132.11
35.201.223.177
35.229.251.28
35.185.155.147
35.194.232.172
Tokyo asia-northeast1 34.85.11.246
34.85.30.58
34.85.8.125
34.85.38.59
34.85.31.67
34.85.36.143
34.85.32.222
34.85.18.128
34.85.23.202
34.85.35.192
Middle East
Dammam me-central2 34.166.20.177
34.166.10.104
34.166.21.128
34.166.19.184
34.166.20.83
34.166.18.138
34.166.18.48
34.166.23.171
Doha me-central1 34.18.48.121
34.18.25.208
34.18.38.183
34.18.33.25
34.18.21.203
34.18.21.80
34.18.36.126
34.18.23.252
Tel Aviv me-west1 34.165.184.115
34.165.110.74
34.165.174.16
34.165.28.235
34.165.170.172
34.165.187.98
34.165.85.64
34.165.245.97
Africa
Johannesburg africa-south1 34.35.11.24
34.35.10.66
34.35.8.32
34.35.3.248
34.35.2.113
34.35.5.61
34.35.7.53
34.35.3.17

Multi-regional locations

Multi-region description Multi-region name IP addresses
Data centers within member states of the European Union1 EU 34.76.156.158
34.76.156.172
34.76.136.146
34.76.1.29
34.76.156.232
34.76.156.81
34.76.156.246
34.76.102.206
34.76.129.246
34.76.121.168
Data centers in the United States US 35.185.196.212
35.197.102.120
35.185.224.10
35.185.228.170
35.197.5.235
35.185.206.139
35.197.67.234
35.197.38.65
35.185.202.229
35.185.200.120

1 Data located in the EU multi-region is not stored in the europe-west2 (London) or europe-west6 (Zürich) data centers.

Grant access to your Amazon S3 bucket

You must have an Amazon S3 bucket to use as a staging area to transfer the Amazon Redshift data to BigQuery. For detailed instructions, see the Amazon documentation.

  1. We recommended that you create a dedicated Amazon IAM user, and grant that user only Read access to Amazon Redshift and Read and Write access to Amazon S3. To achieve this step, you can apply the following policies:

    Amazon Redshift migration Amazon permissions

  2. Create an Amazon IAM user access key pair.

Configure workload control with a separate migration queue

Optionally, you can define an Amazon Redshift queue for migration purposes to limit and separate the resources used for migration. You can configure this migration queue with a maximum concurrency query count. You can then associate a certain migration user group with the queue and use those credentials when setting up the migration to transfer data to BigQuery. The transfer service only has access to the migration queue.

Gather transfer information

Gather the information that you need to set up the migration with the BigQuery Data Transfer Service:

  • Follow these instructions to get the JDBC URL.
  • Get the username and password of a user with appropriate permissions to your Amazon Redshift database.
  • Follow the instructions at Grant access to your Amazon S3 bucket to get an AWS access key pair.
  • Get the URI of the Amazon S3 bucket you want to use for the transfer. We recommend that you set up a Lifecycle policy for this bucket to avoid unnecessary charges. The recommended expiration time is 24 hours to allow sufficient time to transfer all data to BigQuery.

Assess your data

As part of the data transfer, BigQuery Data Transfer Service writes data from Amazon Redshift to Cloud Storage as CSV files. If these files contain the ASCII 0 character, they can't be loaded into BigQuery. We suggest you assess your data to determine if this could be an issue for you. If it is, you can work around this by exporting your data to Amazon S3 as Parquet files, and then importing those files by using BigQuery Data Transfer Service. For more information, see Overview of Amazon S3 transfers.

Set up an Amazon Redshift transfer

Select one of the following options:

Console

  1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

    Go to the BigQuery

  2. Click Data transfers.

  3. Click Create transfer.

  4. In the Source type section, select Migration: Amazon Redshift from the Source list.

  5. In the Transfer config name section, enter a name for the transfer, such as My migration, in the Display name field. The display name can be any value that allows you to easily identify the transfer if you need to modify it later.

  6. In the Destination settings section, choose the dataset you created from the Dataset list.

  7. In the Data source details section, do the following:

    1. For JDBC connection url for Amazon Redshift, provide the JDBC URL to access your Amazon Redshift cluster.
    2. For Username of your database, enter the username for the Amazon Redshift database that you want to migrate.

    3. For Password of your database, enter the database password.

    4. For Access key ID and Secret access key, enter the access key pair you obtained from Grant access to your S3 bucket.

    5. For Amazon S3 URI, enter the URI of the S3 bucket you'll use as a staging area.

    6. For Amazon Redshift Schema, enter the Amazon Redshift schema you're migrating.

    7. For Table name patterns, specify a name or a pattern for matching the table names in the schema. You can use regular expressions to specify the pattern in the form: <table1Regex>;<table2Regex>. The pattern should follow Java regular expression syntax. For example:

      • lineitem;ordertb matches tables that are named lineitem and ordertb.
      • .* matches all tables.

      Leave this field empty to migrate all tables from the specified schema.

    8. For VPC and the reserved IP range, leave the field blank.

  8. In the Service Account menu, select a service account from the service accounts associated with your Google Cloud project. You can associate a service account with your transfer instead of using your user credentials. For more information about using service accounts with data transfers, see Use service accounts.

  9. Optional: In the Notification options section, do the following:

    1. Click the toggle to enable email notifications. When you enable this option, the transfer administrator receives an email notification when a transfer run fails.
    2. For Select a Pub/Sub topic, choose your topic name or click Create a topic. This option configures Pub/Sub run notifications for your transfer.

  10. Click Save.

  11. The Google Cloud console displays all the transfer setup details, including a Resource name for this transfer.

bq

Enter the bq mk command and supply the transfer creation flag --transfer_config. The following flags are also required:

  • --project_id
  • --data_source
  • --target_dataset
  • --display_name
  • --params
bq mk \
    --transfer_config \
    --project_id=project_id \
    --data_source=data_source \
    --target_dataset=dataset \
    --display_name=name \
    --service_account_name=service_account \
    --params='parameters'

Where:

  • project_id is your Google Cloud project ID. If --project_id isn't specified, the default project is used.
  • data_source is the data source: redshift.
  • dataset is the BigQuery target dataset for the transfer configuration.
  • name is the display name for the transfer configuration. The transfer name can be any value that lets you identify the transfer if you need to modify it later.
  • service_account: is the service account name used to authenticate your transfer. The service account should be owned by the same project_id used to create the transfer and it should have all of the required permissions.
  • parameters contains the parameters for the created transfer configuration in JSON format. For example: --params='{"param":"param_value"}'.

Parameters required for an Amazon Redshift transfer configuration are:

  • jdbc_url: The JDBC connection URL is used to locate the Amazon Redshift cluster.
  • database_username: The username to access your database to unload specified tables.
  • database_password: The password used with the username to access your database to unload specified tables.
  • access_key_id: The access key ID to sign requests made to AWS.
  • secret_access_key: The secret access key used with the access key ID to sign requests made to AWS.
  • s3_bucket: The Amazon S3 URI beginning with "s3://" and specifying a prefix for temporary files to be used.
  • redshift_schema: The Amazon Redshift schema that contains all the tables to be migrated.
  • table_name_patterns: Table name patterns separated by a semicolon (;). The table pattern is a regular expression for table(s) to migrate. If not provided, all tables under the database schema are migrated.

For example, the following command creates an Amazon Redshift transfer named My Transfer with a target dataset named mydataset and a project with the ID of google.com:myproject.

bq mk \
    --transfer_config \
    --project_id=myproject \
    --data_source=redshift \
    --target_dataset=mydataset \
    --display_name='My Transfer' \
    --params='{"jdbc_url":"jdbc:postgresql://test-example-instance.sample.us-west-1.redshift.amazonaws.com:5439/dbname","database_username":"my_username","database_password":"1234567890","access_key_id":"A1B2C3D4E5F6G7H8I9J0","secret_access_key":"1234567890123456789012345678901234567890","s3_bucket":"s3://bucket/prefix","redshift_schema":"public","table_name_patterns":"table_name"}'

API

Use the projects.locations.transferConfigs.create method and supply an instance of the TransferConfig resource.

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the BigQuery Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries. 

import com.google.api.gax.rpc.ApiException;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.datatransfer.v1.CreateTransferConfigRequest;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.datatransfer.v1.DataTransferServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.datatransfer.v1.ProjectName;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.datatransfer.v1.TransferConfig;
import com.google.protobuf.Struct;
import com.google.protobuf.Value;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

// Sample to create redshift transfer config
public class CreateRedshiftTransfer {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    final String projectId = "MY_PROJECT_ID";
    String datasetId = "MY_DATASET_ID";
    String datasetRegion = "US";
    String jdbcUrl = "MY_JDBC_URL_CONNECTION_REDSHIFT";
    String dbUserName = "MY_USERNAME";
    String dbPassword = "MY_PASSWORD";
    String accessKeyId = "MY_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID";
    String secretAccessId = "MY_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_ID";
    String s3Bucket = "MY_S3_BUCKET_URI";
    String redShiftSchema = "MY_REDSHIFT_SCHEMA";
    String tableNamePatterns = "*";
    String vpcAndReserveIpRange = "MY_VPC_AND_IP_RANGE";
    Map<String, Value> params = new HashMap<>();
    params.put("jdbc_url", Value.newBuilder().setStringValue(jdbcUrl).build());
    params.put("database_username", Value.newBuilder().setStringValue(dbUserName).build());
    params.put("database_password", Value.newBuilder().setStringValue(dbPassword).build());
    params.put("access_key_id", Value.newBuilder().setStringValue(accessKeyId).build());
    params.put("secret_access_key", Value.newBuilder().setStringValue(secretAccessId).build());
    params.put("s3_bucket", Value.newBuilder().setStringValue(s3Bucket).build());
    params.put("redshift_schema", Value.newBuilder().setStringValue(redShiftSchema).build());
    params.put("table_name_patterns", Value.newBuilder().setStringValue(tableNamePatterns).build());
    params.put(
        "migration_infra_cidr", Value.newBuilder().setStringValue(vpcAndReserveIpRange).build());
    TransferConfig transferConfig =
        TransferConfig.newBuilder()
            .setDestinationDatasetId(datasetId)
            .setDatasetRegion(datasetRegion)
            .setDisplayName("Your Redshift Config Name")
            .setDataSourceId("redshift")
            .setParams(Struct.newBuilder().putAllFields(params).build())
            .setSchedule("every 24 hours")
            .build();
    createRedshiftTransfer(projectId, transferConfig);
  }

  public static void createRedshiftTransfer(String projectId, TransferConfig transferConfig)
      throws IOException {
    try (DataTransferServiceClient client = DataTransferServiceClient.create()) {
      ProjectName parent = ProjectName.of(projectId);
      CreateTransferConfigRequest request =
          CreateTransferConfigRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(parent.toString())
              .setTransferConfig(transferConfig)
              .build();
      TransferConfig config = client.createTransferConfig(request);
      System.out.println("Cloud redshift transfer created successfully :" + config.getName());
    } catch (ApiException ex) {
      System.out.print("Cloud redshift transfer was not created." + ex.toString());
    }
  }
}

Quotas and limits

BigQuery has a load quota of 15 TB for each load job for each table. Internally, Amazon Redshift compresses the table data, so the exported table size will be larger than the table size reported by Amazon Redshift. If you plan to migrate a table larger than 15 TB, please contact Cloud Customer Care first.

Costs can be incurred outside of Google by using this service. Review the Amazon Redshift and Amazon S3 pricing pages for details.

Because of Amazon S3's consistency model, it's possible that some files will not be included in the transfer to BigQuery.

What's next