查看虚拟机的详细信息

Linux Windows

本文档介绍如何查看现有虚拟机 (VM) 实例的详细信息。

查看虚拟机的详细信息有助于查看其配置和状态，例如挂接的磁盘、创建时间戳、机器类型和虚拟机 ID（可用于使用不可变值引用虚拟机）。

准备工作

设置身份验证（如果尚未设置）。身份验证是通过其进行身份验证以访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 的过程。如需从本地开发环境运行代码或示例，您可以按如下方式向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证。

选择标签页以了解您打算如何使用本页面上的示例：
控制台

当您使用 Google Cloud 控制台访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 时，无需设置身份验证。
gcloud
1. 安装 Google Cloud CLI，然后通过运行以下命令初始化 Google Cloud CLI：
```
gcloud init
```
  注意：如果您之前安装了 gcloud CLI，请确保通过运行 gcloud components update 获得最新版本。
2. 设置默认区域和可用区。
REST

如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 REST API 示例，请使用您提供给 gcloud CLI 的凭据。

所需的角色

如需获得查看虚拟机详细信息所需的权限，请让管理员向您授予虚拟机或项目的 Compute Instance Admin (v1) (roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1) IAM 角色。如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理访问权限。

此预定义角色包含查看虚拟机详细信息所需的 compute.instances.get 权限。

您也可以使用自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取此权限。

查看虚拟机的详细信息

您可以使用 Google Cloud 控制台、gcloud CLI 和 Compute Engine API 查看虚拟机的详细信息。

控制台

如需查看虚拟机的详细信息，请执行以下操作：

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往虚拟机实例页面。

转到虚拟机实例
在名称列中，点击虚拟机名称以查看其详细信息。

gcloud

如需查看虚拟机的详细信息，请使用 gcloud compute instances describe 命令。

gcloud compute instances describe VM_NAME \
    --zone=ZONE

请替换以下内容：

VM_NAME：虚拟机名称。
ZONE：该虚拟机所在的可用区。

输出类似于以下内容：

canIpForward: false
confidentialInstanceConfig:
  enableConfidentialCompute: false
cpuPlatform: Intel Broadwell
creationTimestamp: '2023-08-18T10:00:21.801-07:00'
deletionProtection: false
description: ''
disks:
- architecture: X86_64
  autoDelete: true
  boot: true
  deviceName: example-vm
  diskSizeGb: '10'
  guestOsFeatures:
  - type: UEFI_COMPATIBLE
  - type: VIRTIO_SCSI_MULTIQUEUE
  - type: GVNIC
  - type: SEV_CAPABLE
  index: 0
  interface: SCSI
  kind: compute#attachedDisk
  licenses:
  - https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/licenses/debian-11-bullseye
  mode: READ_WRITE
  source: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/disks/example-vm
  type: PERSISTENT
displayDevice:
  enableDisplay: false
fingerprint: CQp-QBEACqw=
id: '6404261768674286922'
keyRevocationActionType: NONE
kind: compute#instance
labelFingerprint: 42WmSpB8rSM=
lastStartTimestamp: '2023-08-18T10:00:28.182-07:00'
machineType: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/e2-medium
metadata:
  fingerprint: lQ-dD2sMrMY=
  items:
  - key: enable-oslogin
    value: 'true'
  kind: compute#metadata
name: example-vm
networkInterfaces:
- accessConfigs:
  - kind: compute#accessConfig
    name: External NAT
    natIP: 34.27.53.198
    networkTier: PREMIUM
    type: ONE_TO_ONE_NAT
  fingerprint: QR3z6TgVFjg=
  kind: compute#networkInterface
  name: nic0
  network: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/global/networks/default
  networkIP: 10.128.0.28
  stackType: IPV4_ONLY
  subnetwork: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/regions/us-central1/subnetworks/default
reservationAffinity:
  consumeReservationType: ANY_RESERVATION
scheduling:
  automaticRestart: true
  onHostMaintenance: MIGRATE
  preemptible: false
  provisioningModel: STANDARD
selfLink: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances/example-vm
serviceAccounts:
- email: 790569220780-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com
  scopes:
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append
shieldedInstanceConfig:
  enableIntegrityMonitoring: true
  enableSecureBoot: false
  enableVtpm: true
shieldedInstanceIntegrityPolicy:
  updateAutoLearnPolicy: true
startRestricted: false
status: RUNNING
tags:
  fingerprint: 42WmSpB8rSM=
zone: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a

REST

如需查看虚拟机的详细信息，请向 instances.get 方法发出 GET 请求。

GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/VM_NAME

替换以下内容：

PROJECT_ID：虚拟机所在项目的 ID。
ZONE：该虚拟机所在的可用区。
VM_NAME：虚拟机名称。

输出类似于以下内容：

{
  "canIpForward": false,
  "confidentialInstanceConfig": {
    "enableConfidentialCompute": false
  },
  "cpuPlatform": "Intel Broadwell",
  "creationTimestamp": "2023-08-18T10:00:21.801-07:00",
  "deletionProtection": false,
  "description": "",
  "disks": [
    {
      "architecture": "X86_64",
      "autoDelete": true,
      "boot": true,
      "deviceName": "example-vm",
      "diskSizeGb": "10",
      "guestOsFeatures": [
        {
          "type": "UEFI_COMPATIBLE"
        },
        {
          "type": "VIRTIO_SCSI_MULTIQUEUE"
        },
        {
          "type": "GVNIC"
        },
        {
          "type": "SEV_CAPABLE"
        }
      ],
      "index": 0,
      "interface": "SCSI",
      "kind": "compute#attachedDisk",
      "licenses": [
        "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/licenses/debian-11-bullseye"
      ],
      "mode": "READ_WRITE",
      "source": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/disks/example-vm",
      "type": "PERSISTENT"
    }
  ],
  "displayDevice": {
    "enableDisplay": false
  },
  "fingerprint": "CQp-QBEACqw=",
  "id": "6404261768674286922",
  "keyRevocationActionType": "NONE",
  "kind": "compute#instance",
  "labelFingerprint": "42WmSpB8rSM=",
  "lastStartTimestamp": "2023-08-18T10:00:28.182-07:00",
  "machineType": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/e2-medium",
  "metadata": {
    "fingerprint": "lQ-dD2sMrMY=",
    "items": [
      {
        "key": "enable-oslogin",
        "value": "true"
      }
    ],
    "kind": "compute#metadata"
  },
  "name": "example-vm",
  "networkInterfaces": [
    {
      "accessConfigs": [
        {
        "kind": "compute#accessConfig",
        "name": "External NAT",
        "natIP": "34.27.53.198",
        "networkTier": "PREMIUM",
        "type": "ONE_TO_ONE_NAT"
        }
      ],
      "fingerprint": "QR3z6TgVFjg=",
      "kind": "compute#networkInterface",
      "name": "nic0",
      "network": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/global/networks/default",
      "networkIP": "10.128.0.28",
      "stackType": "IPV4_ONLY",
      "subnetwork": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/regions/us-central1/subnetworks/default"
    }
  ],
  "reservationAffinity": {
    "consumeReservationType": "ANY_RESERVATION"
  },
  "scheduling": {
    "automaticRestart": true,
    "onHostMaintenance": "MIGRATE",
    "preemptible": false,
    "provisioningModel": "STANDARD"
  },
  "selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances/example-vm",
  "serviceAccounts": [
    {
    "email": "790569220780-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com",
    "scopes": [
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "shieldedInstanceConfig": {
    "enableIntegrityMonitoring": true,
    "enableSecureBoot": false,
    "enableVtpm": true
  },
  "shieldedInstanceIntegrityPolicy": {
    "updateAutoLearnPolicy": true
  },
  "startRestricted": false,
  "status": "RUNNING",
  "tags": {
    "fingerprint": "42WmSpB8rSM="
  },
  "zone": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a"
}

后续步骤

了解如何重命名虚拟机。
了解如何停止或启动虚拟机。
了解如何暂停或恢复虚拟机。
详细了解虚拟机生命周期。