Create a new Persistent Disk volume

Linux Windows

You can either create a blank Persistent Disk volume, or create a disk from a data source. You can use Persistent Disk as a boot disk for a virtual machine (VM) instance, or as a data disk that you attach to a VM.

This document explains how to create a blank, non-boot zonal Persistent Disk volume and attach it to your VM.

For other types of disk creation and addition, see the following:

To create a boot disk that you can later use to create a VM, see Create a customized boot disk.
To add a Google Cloud Hyperdisk disk to your VM, see Add Hyperdisk storage to a VM.
To add a disk to a VM that is part of a managed instance group (MIG), see Updating VM configuration in a MIG.

Before you begin

If you haven't already, then set up authentication. Authentication is the process by which your identity is verified for access to Google Cloud services and APIs. To run code or samples from a local development environment, you can authenticate to Compute Engine by selecting one of the following options:

Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console

When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud
Terraform

To use the Terraform samples on this page in a local development environment, install and initialize the gcloud CLI, and then set up Application Default Credentials with your user credentials.
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.
2. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.
3. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
  gcloud init
4. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
  gcloud auth application-default login
  You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
  
  If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.
For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.
REST

To use the REST API samples on this page in a local development environment, you use the credentials you provide to the gcloud CLI.
For more information, see Authenticate for using REST in the Google Cloud authentication documentation.

Restrictions

During VM creation, you can attach up to 127 secondary non-boot zonal Persistent Disk volumes.
You can have a total attached capacity of 257 TB per VM. For information about how to ensure maximum performance with large volumes, see Logical volume size.

Adding a non-boot disk to your VM

Create and attach a non-boot zonal disk by using the Google Cloud console, the Google Cloud CLI, or REST.

Persistent Disk type variables

The following table lists the reference values of each Persistent Disk type. When you create a Persistent Disk volume with the Google Cloud CLI, REST, or the Cloud Client Libraries for Compute Engine, indicate the Persistent Disk type you want to create by providing its corresponding value from the table.

If you create a disk in the Google Cloud console, the default disk type is pd-balanced. If you create a disk using the gcloud CLI or REST, the default disk type is pd-standard.

Disk type	Reference name
Balanced Persistent Disk	`pd-balanced`
Performance (SSD) Persistent Disk	`pd-ssd`
Standard Persistent Disk	`pd-standard`
Extreme Persistent Disk	`pd-extreme`

You should specify a custom device name when attaching the disk to a VM. The name you specify is used to generate a symlink for the disk in the guest OS, making identification easier.

Permissions required for this task

To perform this task, you must have the following permissions:

compute.disks.create on the project before you can create a new disk
compute.instances.attachDisk on the VM
compute.disks.use permission on the disk to attach

Console

Go to the VM instances page.

Go to the VM instances page
Click the name of the VM where you want to add a disk.
On the details page, click Edit.
Under Additional disks, click Add new disk.
Specify a name for the disk, configure the disk's properties, and select Blank as the Source type.
Optional: Under the heading Device name, select the option Use a custom device name. The name you enter is used to generate a symlink for the disk, which makes disk identification easier.
Click Done to complete the disk's configuration.
Click Save to apply your changes to the VM and add the new disk.

gcloud

In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

Activate Cloud Shell

At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.
Use the gcloud compute disks create command to create the zonal Persistent Disk volume.
```
gcloud compute disks create DISK_NAME \
  --size DISK_SIZE \
  --type DISK_TYPE
```
Replace the following:
- DISK_NAME: the name of the new disk.
- DISK_SIZE: the size, in gigabytes, of the new disk. Acceptable sizes range, in 1 GB increments, from 10 GB to 65,536 GB inclusive.
- DISK_TYPE: full or partial URL for the type of the Persistent Disk volume. For example, https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/diskTypes/pd-ssd.
After you create the disk, attach it to any running or stopped VM. Use the gcloud compute instances attach-disk command:
```
gcloud compute instances attach-disk VM_NAME \
  --disk DISK_NAME --device-name=DEVICE_NAME
```
Replace the following:
- VM_NAME: the name of the VM where you are adding the new zonal Persistent Disk volume
- DISK_NAME: the name of the new disk that you are attaching to the VM.
- DEVICE_NAME: Optional: a name that the guest OS uses to identify the disk.
Use the gcloud compute disks describe command to see a description of your disk.

Terraform

To create a disk, use the google_compute_disk resource.

# Using pd-standard because it's the default for Compute Engine

resource "google_compute_disk" "default" {
  name = "disk-data"
  type = "pd-standard"
  zone = "us-west1-a"
  size = "5"
}

To attach the disk to a VM, use the google_compute_instance resource.

resource "google_compute_instance" "test_node" {
  name         = "test-node"
  machine_type = "f1-micro"
  zone         = "us-west1-a"

  boot_disk {
    initialize_params {
      image = "debian-cloud/debian-11"
    }
  }
  attached_disk {
    source      = google_compute_disk.default.id
    device_name = google_compute_disk.default.name
  }

  network_interface {
    network = "default"
    access_config {
      # Ephemeral IP
    }
  }

  # Ignore changes for persistent disk attachments
  lifecycle {
    ignore_changes = [attached_disk]
  }


}

To learn how to apply or remove a Terraform configuration, see Basic Terraform commands.

REST

Construct a POST request to create a zonal Persistent Disk by using the disks.insert method. Include the name, sizeGb, and type properties. To create this disk as an empty and unformatted non-boot disk, don't specify a source image or a source snapshot.
```
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/disks

{
 "name": "DISK_NAME",
 "sizeGb": "DISK_SIZE",
 "type": "DISK_TYPE"
}
```
Replace the following:
- PROJECT_ID: your project ID.
- ZONE: the zone where your VM and new disk are located.
- DISK_NAME: the name of the new disk.
- DISK_SIZE: the size, in gigabytes, of the new disk. Acceptable sizes range, in 1 GB increments, from 10 GB to 65,536 GB inclusive.
- DISK_TYPE: full or partial URL for the type of Persistent Disk. For example, https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/diskTypes/pd-ssd.
Construct a POST request to the compute.instances.attachDisk method, and include the URL to the zonal Persistent Disk volume that you just created:
```
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/VM_NAME/attachDisk

{
 "source": "/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/disks/DISK_NAME",
 "deviceName": DEVICE_NAME
}
```
Replace the following:
- PROJECT_ID: your project ID
- ZONE: the zone where your VM and new disk are located
- VM_NAME: the name of the VM where you are adding the new Persistent Disk volume
- DISK_NAME: the name of the new disk
- DEVICE_NAME: Optional: a name that the guest OS uses to identify the disk.

After you create the new disk and attach it to a VM, you must format and mount the disk, so that the operating system can use the available storage space.

What's next

Learn how to format and mount your new disks on a Linux VM.
Learn how to format and mount your new disks on a Windows VM.
Learn how to resize your Persistent Disk volumes.
Learn how to regularly back up your disks using snapshots to prevent unintended data loss.
Learn about regional Persistent Disk, which provide synchronous replication between two zones.

Create a new Persistent Disk volume Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.

Before you begin

Console

gcloud

Terraform

REST

Restrictions

Adding a non-boot disk to your VM

Persistent Disk type variables

Permissions required for this task

Console

gcloud

Terraform

REST

What's next

Create a new Persistent Disk volume