利用執行個體範本建立 VM

---

本頁面說明如何使用執行個體範本建立 VM 執行個體。執行個體範本是一種 API 資源，可定義 VM 執行個體的屬性。您可以在執行個體範本中定義機器類型、OS 映像檔、永久磁碟設定、中繼資料、開機指令碼等屬性，然後使用執行個體範本建立個別 VM 執行個體或代管執行個體群組。

利用執行個體範本建立 VM 執行個體時，預設行為會建立 VM 執行個體，其屬性與範本中指定的屬性相同，但 VM 執行個體名稱和執行個體運作時所屬的區域例外。此外，如果您要變更執行個體範本的某些屬性以做特定用途，也可以選擇在建立執行個體期間覆寫特定欄位。

本文假定執行個體範本已準備就緒。如果您還沒有執行個體範本，請按照操作說明建立新執行個體範本。

事前準備

• 參閱執行個體範本說明文件。
• 建立執行個體範本。
• 如果尚未設定驗證，請先完成設定。 「驗證」是指驗證身分的程序，確認您有權存取 Google Cloud 服務和 API。如要從本機開發環境執行程式碼或範例，請選取下列其中一個選項，向 Compute Engine 進行驗證：
  

  Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

  Console

  When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.

  gcloud

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI. After installation, initialize the Google Cloud CLI by running the following command:

     gcloud init

     If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

     Note: If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running gcloud components update.
  2. Set a default region and zone.

  Go

  如要在本機開發環境中使用本頁的 Go 範例，請安裝並初始化 gcloud CLI，然後使用使用者憑證設定應用程式預設憑證。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

     If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  詳情請參閱 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  Java

  如要在本機開發環境中使用本頁的 Java 範例，請安裝並初始化 gcloud CLI，然後使用使用者憑證設定應用程式預設憑證。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

     If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  詳情請參閱 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  Node.js

  如要在本機開發環境中使用本頁的 Node.js 範例，請安裝並初始化 gcloud CLI，然後使用使用者憑證設定應用程式預設憑證。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

     If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  詳情請參閱 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  Python

  如要在本機開發環境中使用本頁的 Python 範例，請安裝並初始化 gcloud CLI，然後使用使用者憑證設定應用程式預設憑證。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

     If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  詳情請參閱 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  REST

  如要在本機開發環境中使用本頁的 REST API 範例，請使用您提供給 gcloud CLI 的憑證。

  Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

  詳情請參閱 Google Cloud 驗證說明文件中的「Authenticate for using REST」。

利用執行個體範本建立 VM 執行個體

您可以使用區域或全域執行個體範本建立 VM 執行個體。如要完全依照執行個體範本說明所述建立執行個體，請按照下列操作說明操作。

主控台

1. 前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「Create an instance」(建立執行個體) 頁面。

   前往「建立執行個體」

2. 在「Create VM from ...」(從 ... 建立 VM) 選單中，選取「Instance templates」(執行個體範本)。

3. 在隨即顯示的「依據範本建立 VM」視窗中，執行下列操作：

   1. 選取範本。

   2. 如要建立並啟動 VM，請按一下 [Create] (建立)。

gcloud

如要透過區域或全域執行個體範本建立 VM，請使用與建立一般執行個體相同的 gcloud compute instances create 指令，但要加上 --source-instance-template 旗標：

gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
    --source-instance-template INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_URL

更改下列內容：

• VM_NAME：執行個體的名稱。
• INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_URL：您要用來在 MIG 中建立 VM 的執行個體範本網址。網址可以包含執行個體範本的ID 或名稱。指定下列其中一個值：
  • 如果是區域執行個體範本：projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/REGION/instanceTemplates/INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_ID
  • 全域執行個體範本：INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_ID

例如：

gcloud compute instances create example-instance \
    --source-instance-template 1234567890

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstanceFromTemplate creates a Compute Engine VM instance from an instance template.
func createInstanceFromTemplate(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName, instanceTemplateUrl string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// instanceTemplateUrl := "global/instanceTemplates/your_instance_template"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
		},
		SourceInstanceTemplate: &instanceTemplateUrl,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstanceProperties;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstanceTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstanceTemplatesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstanceFromTemplate {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    /*  TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
        projectId - ID or number of the project you want to use.
        zone - Name of the zone you want to check, for example: us-west3-b
        instanceName - Name of the new instance.
        instanceTemplateURL - URL of the instance template using for creating the new instance.
        It can be a full or partial URL.
        Examples:
        - https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/project/global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template
        - projects/project/global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template
        - global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template
     */
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String zone = "zone-name";
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    String instanceTemplateUrl = "instance-template-url";
    createInstanceFromTemplate(projectId, zone, instanceName, instanceTemplateUrl);
  }

  // Create a new instance from template in the specified project and zone.
  public static void createInstanceFromTemplate(String projectId, String zone, String instanceName,
      String instanceTemplateName)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {

    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create();
        InstanceTemplatesClient instanceTemplatesClient = InstanceTemplatesClient.create()) {

      InstanceTemplate instanceTemplate = instanceTemplatesClient.get(projectId,
          instanceTemplateName);

      // Adjust diskType field of the instance template to use the URL formatting 
      // required by instances.insert.diskType
      // For instance template, there is only a name, not URL.
      List<AttachedDisk> reformattedAttachedDisks = new ArrayList<>();
      for (AttachedDisk disk : instanceTemplate.getProperties().getDisksList()) {
        disk = AttachedDisk.newBuilder(disk)
            .setInitializeParams(AttachedDiskInitializeParams
                .newBuilder(disk.getInitializeParams())
                .setDiskType(
                    String.format(
                        "zones/%s/diskTypes/%s", zone, disk.getInitializeParams().getDiskType()))
                .build())
            .build();

        reformattedAttachedDisks.add(disk);
      }

      // Clear existing disks and set the reformatted disks in the instance template.
      instanceTemplate = InstanceTemplate
          .newBuilder(instanceTemplate)
          .setProperties(InstanceProperties
              .newBuilder(instanceTemplate.getProperties())
              .clearDisks()
              .addAllDisks(reformattedAttachedDisks)
              .build())
          .build();

      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(projectId)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(Instance.newBuilder().setName(instanceName).build())
          .setSourceInstanceTemplate(instanceTemplate.getSelfLink()).build();

      Operation response = instancesClient.insertAsync(insertInstanceRequest)
          .get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation from template failed ! ! " + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out
          .printf("Instance creation from template: Operation Status %s: %s ", instanceName,
              response.getStatus());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b'
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME'
// const instanceTemplateUrl = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_URL'

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Create a new instance from template in the specified project and zone.
async function createInstanceFromTemplate() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  console.log(
    `Creating the ${instanceName} instance in ${zone} from template ${instanceTemplateUrl}...`
  );

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
    },
    sourceInstanceTemplate: instanceTemplateUrl,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstanceFromTemplate();

Python

from __future__ import annotations

import sys
from typing import Any

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance_from_template(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str, instance_template_url: str
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Creates a Compute Engine VM instance from an instance template.

    Args:
        project_id: ID or number of the project you want to use.
        zone: Name of the zone you want to check, for example: us-west3-b
        instance_name: Name of the new instance.
        instance_template_url: URL of the instance template used for creating the new instance.
            It can be a full or partial URL.
            Examples:
            - https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/project/global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template
            - projects/project/global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template
            - global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    instance_insert_request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    instance_insert_request.project = project_id
    instance_insert_request.zone = zone
    instance_insert_request.source_instance_template = instance_template_url
    instance_insert_request.instance_resource.name = instance_name

    operation = instance_client.insert(instance_insert_request)
    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)

REST

如要從區域或全域執行個體範本建立 VM，請建構用以建立執行個體的一般要求，但要包含 sourceInstanceTemplate 查詢參數，且後面要加上執行個體範本的正確路徑。

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/
PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/
instances?sourceInstanceTemplate=INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_URL

在要求主體中提供 VM 執行個體的 name：

{ "name": "example-instance" }

例如，下列程式碼片段包含了範本的完整路徑：https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/instanceTemplates/1234567890。

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/
compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-a/instances?sourceInstanceTemplate=
https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/
instanceTemplates/1234567890

{ "name": "example-instance" }

利用執行個體範本與覆寫功能建立 VM 執行個體

使用執行個體範本啟動 VM 執行個體時，預設行為會完全依照執行個體範本說明所述建立 VM 執行個體，但執行個體名稱和區域例外。

如果您想主要根據執行個體範本建立執行個體，但稍做一些變更，可使用覆寫行為。如要使用覆寫行為，您可在建立執行個體時傳入屬性，以覆寫現有執行個體範本。

主控台

1. 前往 Google Cloud 控制台的「Create an instance」(建立執行個體) 頁面。

   前往「建立執行個體」

2. 在「Create VM from ...」(從 ... 建立 VM) 選單中，選取「Instance templates」(執行個體範本)。

3. 在隨即顯示的「依據範本建立 VM」視窗中，選取範本，然後按一下 「自訂」。

4. 視需要指定其他設定選項。詳情請參閱「建立執行個體時的設定選項」。

5. 如要建立並啟動執行個體，請按一下「建立」。

gcloud

使用 gcloud CLI 提出要求，以 --source-instance-template 旗標建立執行個體，然後以適當的 gcloud 旗標覆寫您想要的任何屬性。如要查看適用旗標清單，請參閱 gcloud 參考資料。

例如，如要覆寫執行個體範本的機器類型、中繼資料、作業系統、永久磁碟開機磁碟和次要磁碟，請提供下列標記：

gcloud compute instances create example-instance \
    --source-instance-template 1234567890 --machine-type e2-standard-2 \
    --image-family debian-9 --image-project debian-cloud \
    --metadata bread=butter --disk=boot=no,name=my-override-disk

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"

	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstanceFromTemplate creates a Compute Engine VM instance from an instance template, but overrides the disk and machine type options in the template.
func createInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName, instanceTemplateName, machineType, newDiskSourceImage string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// instanceTemplateName := "your_instance_template_name"
	// machineType := "n1-standard-2"
	// newDiskSourceImage := "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-12"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	intanceTemplatesClient, err := compute.NewInstanceTemplatesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstanceTemplatesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer intanceTemplatesClient.Close()

	// Retrieve an instance template by name.
	reqGetTemplate := &computepb.GetInstanceTemplateRequest{
		Project:          projectID,
		InstanceTemplate: instanceTemplateName,
	}

	instanceTemplate, err := intanceTemplatesClient.Get(ctx, reqGetTemplate)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get intance template: %w", err)
	}

	for _, disk := range instanceTemplate.Properties.Disks {
		diskType := disk.InitializeParams.GetDiskType()
		if diskType != "" {
			disk.InitializeParams.DiskType = proto.String(fmt.Sprintf(`zones/%s/diskTypes/%s`, zone, diskType))
		}
	}

	reqInsertInstance := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name:        proto.String(instanceName),
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf(`zones/%s/machineTypes/%s`, zone, machineType)),
			Disks: append(
				// If you override a repeated field, all repeated values
				// for that property are replaced with the
				// corresponding values provided in the request.
				// When adding a new disk to existing disks,
				// insert all existing disks as well.
				instanceTemplate.Properties.Disks,
				&computepb.AttachedDisk{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb:  proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: &newDiskSourceImage,
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(false),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
			),
		},
		SourceInstanceTemplate: instanceTemplate.SelfLink,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, reqInsertInstance)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstanceTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstanceTemplatesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    /* TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
     * projectId - ID or number of the project you want to use.
     * zone - Name of the zone you want to check, for example: us-west3-b
     * instanceName - Name of the new instance.
     * instanceTemplateName - Name of the instance template to use when creating the new instance.
     * machineType - Machine type you want to set in following format:
     *    "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}". For example:
     *    "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
     *    You can find the list of available machine types using:
     *    https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/machine-types/list
     * newDiskSourceImage - Path the the disk image you want to use for your new
     *    disk. This can be one of the public images
     *    (like "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11")
     *    or a private image you have access to.
     *    You can check the list of available public images using the doc:
     *    http://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images
     */
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String zone = "zone-name";
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    String instanceTemplateName = "instance-template-name";

    createInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides(projectId, zone, instanceName, instanceTemplateName);
  }

  // Creates a Compute Engine VM instance from an instance template,
  // but overrides the disk and machine type options in the template.
  public static void createInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides(String projectId, String zone,
      String instanceName, String instanceTemplateName)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {

    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create();
        InstanceTemplatesClient instanceTemplatesClient = InstanceTemplatesClient.create()) {

      String machineType = "n1-standard-1";
      String newDiskSourceImage = "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11";

      // Retrieve an instance template.
      InstanceTemplate instanceTemplate = instanceTemplatesClient
          .get(projectId, instanceTemplateName);

      // Adjust diskType field of the instance template to use the URL formatting 
      // required by instances.insert.diskType
      // For instance template, there is only a name, not URL.
      List<AttachedDisk> reformattedAttachedDisks = new ArrayList<>();
      for (AttachedDisk disk : instanceTemplate.getProperties().getDisksList()) {
        disk = AttachedDisk.newBuilder(disk)
            .setInitializeParams(AttachedDiskInitializeParams
                .newBuilder(disk.getInitializeParams())
                .setDiskType(
                    String.format(
                        "zones/%s/diskTypes/%s", zone, disk.getInitializeParams().getDiskType()))
                .build())
            .build();

        reformattedAttachedDisks.add(disk);
      }

      AttachedDisk newdisk = AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
          .setInitializeParams(AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
              .setDiskSizeGb(10)
              .setSourceImage(newDiskSourceImage).build())
          .setAutoDelete(true)
          .setBoot(false)
          .setType(AttachedDisk.Type.PERSISTENT.toString()).build();

      Instance instance = Instance.newBuilder()
          .setName(instanceName)
          .setMachineType(String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType))
          // If you override a repeated field, all repeated values
          // for that property are replaced with the
          // corresponding values provided in the request.
          // When adding a new disk to existing disks,
          // insert all existing disks as well.
          .addAllDisks(reformattedAttachedDisks)
          .addDisks(newdisk)
          .build();

      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(projectId)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instance)
          .setSourceInstanceTemplate(instanceTemplate.getSelfLink()).build();

      Operation response = instancesClient.insertAsync(insertInstanceRequest)
          .get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation from template with overrides failed ! ! " + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out
          .printf("Instance creation from template with overrides: Operation Status %s: %s ",
              instanceName, response.getStatus());
    }

  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const instanceTemplateName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_NAME';
// const machineType = 'n1-standard-1';
// const newDiskSourceImage = 'projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Creates a new instance in the specified project and zone using a selected template,
// but overrides the disk and machine type options in the template.
async function createInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();
  const instanceTemplatesClient = new compute.InstanceTemplatesClient();

  console.log(
    `Creating the ${instanceName} instance in ${zone} from template ${instanceTemplateName}...`
  );

  // Retrieve an instance template by name.
  const [instanceTemplate] = await instanceTemplatesClient.get({
    project: projectId,
    instanceTemplate: instanceTemplateName,
  });

  // Adjust diskType field of the instance template to use the URL formatting required by instances.insert.diskType
  // For instance template, there is only a name, not URL.
  for (const disk of instanceTemplate.properties.disks) {
    if (disk.initializeParams.diskType) {
      disk.initializeParams.diskType = `zones/${zone}/diskTypes/${disk.initializeParams.diskType}`;
    }
  }

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/${machineType}`,
      disks: [
        // If you override a repeated field, all repeated values
        // for that property are replaced with the
        // corresponding values provided in the request.
        // When adding a new disk to existing disks,
        // insert all existing disks as well.
        ...instanceTemplate.properties.disks,
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '10',
            sourceImage: newDiskSourceImage,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: false,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
    },
    sourceInstanceTemplate: instanceTemplate.selfLink,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides();

Python

from __future__ import annotations

import sys
from typing import Any

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance_from_template_with_overrides(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    instance_template_name: str,
    machine_type: str,
    new_disk_source_image: str,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Creates a Compute Engine VM instance from an instance template, changing the machine type and
    adding a new disk created from a source image.

    Args:
        project_id: ID or number of the project you want to use.
        zone: Name of the zone you want to check, for example: us-west3-b
        instance_name: Name of the new instance.
        instance_template_name: Name of the instance template used for creating the new instance.
        machine_type: Machine type you want to set in following format:
            "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}". For example:
            - "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
            - You can find the list of available machine types using:
              https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/machine-types/list
        new_disk_source_image: Path the the disk image you want to use for your new
            disk. This can be one of the public images
            (like "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-12")
            or a private image you have access to.
            For a list of available public images, see the documentation:
            http://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()
    instance_template_client = compute_v1.InstanceTemplatesClient()

    # Retrieve an instance template by name.
    instance_template = instance_template_client.get(
        project=project_id, instance_template=instance_template_name
    )

    # Adjust diskType field of the instance template to use the URL formatting required by instances.insert.diskType
    # For instance template, there is only a name, not URL.
    for disk in instance_template.properties.disks:
        if disk.initialize_params.disk_type:
            disk.initialize_params.disk_type = (
                f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/{disk.initialize_params.disk_type}"
            )

    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.machine_type = machine_type
    instance.disks = list(instance_template.properties.disks)

    new_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    new_disk.initialize_params.disk_size_gb = 50
    new_disk.initialize_params.source_image = new_disk_source_image
    new_disk.auto_delete = True
    new_disk.boot = False
    new_disk.type_ = "PERSISTENT"

    instance.disks.append(new_disk)

    instance_insert_request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    instance_insert_request.project = project_id
    instance_insert_request.zone = zone
    instance_insert_request.instance_resource = instance
    instance_insert_request.source_instance_template = instance_template.self_link

    operation = instance_client.insert(instance_insert_request)
    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)

REST

在 API 中，在建構用以建立執行個體的一般要求中，使用 sourceInstanceTemplate 查詢參數，並提供在要求主體中要覆寫的任何欄位。

API 中的覆寫行為遵守 JSON 合併修補規則，如 RFC 7396 所述。

具體情況如下：

• 若要覆寫基本欄位，執行個體範本中對應的基本欄位，會替換成要求中指定的基本欄位值。基本欄位包括 machineType、sourceImage、name 等。
• 若覆寫重複欄位，該屬性的所有重複值都將替換成要求中提供的對應值。重複欄位通常是類型為 list 的屬性。例如，disks 和 networkInterfaces 是重複欄位。
• 若要覆寫 nested object，則執行個體範本中的物件會與要求中的對應物件規格合併。請注意，如果巢狀物件存在於重複欄位之中，系統會依據重複欄位的規則處理欄位。此規則唯一的例外是標籤，即使標籤屬於 object 類型，也會將其視為重複欄位。

例如，假設您的執行個體範本有兩個非開機磁碟，而您想覆寫其中一個磁碟。您必須在要求中提供完整的 disks 規格，包括要保留的所有磁碟。

此要求的網址為：

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-a/instances?
sourceInstanceTemplate=https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/instanceTemplates/1234567890

要求主體：

    {
      "disks": [
        {
          # Since you are overriding the repeated disk property, you must
          # specify a boot disk in the request, even if it is already
          # specified in the instance template
          "autoDelete": true,
          "boot": true,
          "initializeParams": {
            "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-8"
          },
          "mode": "READ_WRITE",
          "type": "PERSISTENT"
        },
        {
          # New disk you want to use
          "autoDelete": false,
          "boot": false,
          "mode": "READ_WRITE",
          "source": "zones/us-central1-f/disks/my-override-disk",
          "type": "PERSISTENT"
        },
        {
           # Assume this disk is already specified in instance template, but
           # you must specify it again since you are overriding the disks
           # property
          "autoDelete": false,
          "boot": false,
          "mode": "READ_WRITE",

          "source": "zones/us-central1-f/disks/my-other-disk-to-keep",
          "type": "PERSISTENT"
        }
      ],
      "machineType": "zones/us-central1-f/machineTypes/e2-standard-2",
      "name": "example-instance"
    }
    

後續步驟

• 參閱先佔 VM 執行個體說明文件。
• 瞭解關閉指令碼。
• 參閱先占執行個體定價。
• 連線至執行個體。