修改永久性磁盘

Linux Windows

---

您可以将永久性磁盘用作虚拟机实例的启动磁盘，也可以用作挂接到虚拟机的数据磁盘。本文档介绍如何修改现有永久性磁盘以实现以下目标：

• 切换到其他磁盘类型。
• 删除挂接虚拟机后自动删除磁盘。

如需大致了解永久性磁盘以及可用磁盘类型，请参阅永久性磁盘概览。

更改永久性磁盘的类型

您可以随时更改永久性磁盘的类型。永久性磁盘类型在价格和性能特性方面各有不同，因此您可能需要更改现有永久性磁盘的类型，以更好地满足您的工作负载。

您可以使用快照更改永久性磁盘的类型。例如，如需将标准永久性磁盘更改为 SSD 永久性磁盘，请按照以下过程操作：

控制台

1. 创建标准永久性磁盘的快照。
2. 根据快照创建新的永久性磁盘。从类型下拉列表中选择“SSD 永久性磁盘”。

gcloud

1. 创建标准永久性磁盘的快照。
2. 根据快照创建新的永久性磁盘。添加 --type 标志并指定 pd-ssd。

REST

1. 创建标准永久性磁盘的快照。
2. 根据快照创建新的永久性磁盘。在 type 字段中，指定 "zones/ZONE/diskTypes/pd-ssd" 并将 ZONE 替换为您的实例和新磁盘所在的区域。

设置 Persistent Disk 卷的自动删除状态

删除关联的虚拟机实例时，您可以设置由系统自动删除读写 Persistent Disk 卷。此行为由挂接的给定磁盘的虚拟机实例上的 autoDelete 属性控制，并且可以随时更新。同样，您可以通过将 autoDelete 值标记为 false 来防止删除 Persistent Disk 卷。

注意：您只能针对以读写模式挂接的 Persistent Disk 卷设置自动删除状态。

执行此任务所需的权限

您必须拥有以下权限才能执行此任务：

• 针对实例的 compute.instances.setDiskAutoDelete 权限
• 针对磁盘的 compute.disks.update 权限

控制台

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到虚拟机实例页面。

   转到虚拟机实例

2. 选择关联了磁盘的实例。

3. 点击实例名称。 虚拟机实例详情页面随即显示。

4. 点击修改。

5. 在存储部分中的额外磁盘标题下，点击铅笔图标 以更改磁盘的删除规则。

6. 点击保存以更新实例。

gcloud

使用 gcloud compute instances set-disk-auto-delete 命令设置 Persistent Disk 的自动删除状态。如需保留磁盘，请使用 --no-auto-delete 标志。如需删除磁盘，请使用 --auto-delete 标志。

gcloud compute instances set-disk-auto-delete VM_NAME \
  AUTO_DELETE_SETTING \
  --disk DISK_NAME

替换以下内容：

• VM_NAME：实例的名称
• AUTO_DELETE_SETTING：是否要自动删除磁盘。指定 --no-auto-delete 可在删除虚拟机后保留磁盘，指定 --auto-delete 可与虚拟机同时删除磁盘
• DISK_NAME：磁盘的名称

Go

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Go 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
)

// setDiskAutodelete sets the autodelete flag of a disk to given value.
func setDiskAutoDelete(
	w io.Writer,
	projectID, zone, instanceName, diskName string, autoDelete bool,
) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "us-west3-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// diskName := "your_disk_name"
	// autoDelete := true

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	getInstanceReq := &computepb.GetInstanceRequest{
		Project:  projectID,
		Zone:     zone,
		Instance: instanceName,
	}

	instance, err := instancesClient.Get(ctx, getInstanceReq)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get instance: %w", err)
	}

	diskExists := false

	for _, disk := range instance.GetDisks() {
		if disk.GetDeviceName() == diskName {
			diskExists = true
			break
		}
	}

	if !diskExists {
		return fmt.Errorf(
			"instance %s doesn't have a disk named %s attached",
			instanceName,
			diskName,
		)
	}

	req := &computepb.SetDiskAutoDeleteInstanceRequest{
		Project:    projectID,
		Zone:       zone,
		Instance:   instanceName,
		DeviceName: diskName,
		AutoDelete: autoDelete,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.SetDiskAutoDelete(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to set disk autodelete field: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "disk autoDelete field updated.\n")

	return nil
}

Java

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Java 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.SetDiskAutoDeleteInstanceRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class SetDiskAutodelete {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.

    // Project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
    String projectId = "YOUR_PROJECT_ID";

    // The zone of the disk that you want to modify.
    String zone = "europe-central2-b";

    // Name of the instance the disk is attached to.
    String instanceName = "YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME";

    // The name of the disk for which you want to modify the autodelete flag.
    String diskName = "YOUR_DISK_NAME";

    // The new value of the autodelete flag.
    boolean autoDelete = true;

    setDiskAutodelete(projectId, zone, instanceName, diskName, autoDelete);
  }

  // Sets the autodelete flag of a disk to given value.
  public static void setDiskAutodelete(String projectId, String zone, String instanceName,
      String diskName, boolean autoDelete)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {

    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {

      // Retrieve the instance given by the instanceName.
      Instance instance = instancesClient.get(projectId, zone, instanceName);

      // Check if the instance contains a disk that matches the given diskName.
      boolean diskNameMatch = instance.getDisksList()
          .stream()
          .anyMatch(disk -> disk.getDeviceName().equals(diskName));

      if (!diskNameMatch) {
        throw new Error(
            String.format("Instance %s doesn't have a disk named %s attached", instanceName,
                diskName));
      }

      // Create the request object.
      SetDiskAutoDeleteInstanceRequest request = SetDiskAutoDeleteInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(projectId)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstance(instanceName)
          .setDeviceName(diskName)
          // Update the autodelete property.
          .setAutoDelete(autoDelete)
          .build();

      // Wait for the update instance operation to complete.
      Operation response = instancesClient.setDiskAutoDeleteAsync(request)
          .get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Failed to update Disk autodelete field!" + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out.println(
          "Disk autodelete field updated. Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const diskName = 'YOUR_DISK_NAME';
// const autoDelete = true;

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

async function setDiskAutodelete() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  const [instance] = await instancesClient.get({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instance: instanceName,
  });

  if (!instance.disks.some(disk => disk.deviceName === diskName)) {
    throw new Error(
      `Instance ${instanceName} doesn't have a disk named ${diskName} attached.`
    );
  }

  const [response] = await instancesClient.setDiskAutoDelete({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instance: instanceName,
    deviceName: diskName,
    autoDelete,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the update instance operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Disk autoDelete field updated.');
}

setDiskAutodelete();

Python

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Python 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

from __future__ import annotations

import sys
from typing import Any

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def set_disk_autodelete(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str, disk_name: str, autodelete: bool
) -> None:
    """
    Set the autodelete flag of a disk to given value.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone in which is the disk you want to modify.
        instance_name: name of the instance the disk is attached to.
        disk_name: the name of the disk which flag you want to modify.
        autodelete: the new value of the autodelete flag.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()
    instance = instance_client.get(
        project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name
    )

    for disk in instance.disks:
        if disk.device_name == disk_name:
            break
    else:
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"Instance {instance_name} doesn't have a disk named {disk_name} attached."
        )

    disk.auto_delete = autodelete

    operation = instance_client.update(
        project=project_id,
        zone=zone,
        instance=instance_name,
        instance_resource=instance,
    )

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "disk update")

REST

如需使用 API 设置自动删除状态，请向 instances.setDiskAutoDelete 方法发出 POST 请求。

使用 autoDelete 参数指示是否要删除磁盘。

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/VM_NAME/setDiskAutoDelete?deviceName=DISK_NAME,autoDelete=AUTO_DELETE_OPTION

替换以下内容：

• PROJECT_ID：您的项目 ID
• ZONE：您的实例和磁盘所在的可用区
• VM_NAME：实例的名称
• DISK_NAME：挂接到实例的磁盘的名称。
• AUTO_DELETE_OPTION：在删除虚拟机时是否要自动删除磁盘。如需删除磁盘，请设置为 true。设置为 false 可在删除虚拟机后保留磁盘。

问题排查

如需查找用于诊断和解决与完整磁盘和磁盘大小调整相关的问题的方法，请参阅排查完整磁盘和磁盘大小调整问题。

后续步骤

• 了解如何定期使用快照备份磁盘，防止意外丢失数据。
• 使用区域永久性磁盘在两个可用区之间同步复制。
• 在实例上装载 RAM 磁盘。