Generate text by using a Gemini model and the ML.GENERATE_TEXT function

This tutorial shows you how to create a remote model that's based on the gemini-1.0-pro-002 model, and then how to use that model with the ML.GENERATE_TEXT function to extract keywords from and perform sentiment analysis on movie reviews from the bigquery-public-data.imdb.reviews public table.

Required permissions

• To create the dataset, you need the bigquery.datasets.create Identity and Access Management (IAM) permission.

• To create the connection resource, you need the following IAM permissions:

  • bigquery.connections.create
  • bigquery.connections.get

• To grant permissions to the connection's service account, you need the following permission:

  • resourcemanager.projects.setIamPolicy

• To create the model, you need the following permissions:

  • bigquery.jobs.create
  • bigquery.models.create
  • bigquery.models.getData
  • bigquery.models.updateData
  • bigquery.connections.delegate

• To run inference, you need the following permissions:

  • bigquery.models.getData
  • bigquery.jobs.create

Costs

In this document, you use the following billable components of Google Cloud:

• BigQuery ML: You incur costs for the data that you process in BigQuery.
• Vertex AI: You incur costs for calls to the Vertex AI service that's represented by the remote model.

To generate a cost estimate based on your projected usage, use the pricing calculator. New Google Cloud users might be eligible for a free trial.

For more information about BigQuery pricing, see BigQuery pricing in the BigQuery documentation.

For more information about Vertex AI pricing, see the Vertex AI pricing page.

Before you begin

1. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

2. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

3. Enable the BigQuery, BigQuery Connection, and Vertex AI APIs.

   Enable the APIs

Create a dataset

Create a BigQuery dataset to store your ML model:

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

   Go to the BigQuery page

2. In the Explorer pane, click your project name.

3. Click View actions > Create dataset.

   

4. On the Create dataset page, do the following:

   • For Dataset ID, enter bqml_tutorial.

   • For Location type, select Multi-region, and then select US (multiple regions in United States).

     The public datasets are stored in the US multi-region. For simplicity, store your dataset in the same location.

   • Leave the remaining default settings as they are, and click Create dataset.

     

Create a connection

Create a Cloud resource connection and get the connection's service account. Create the connection in the same location as the dataset you created in the previous step.

Select one of the following options:

Console

1. Go to the BigQuery page.

   Go to BigQuery

2. To create a connection, click Add, and then click Connections to external data sources.

3. In the Connection type list, select Vertex AI remote models, remote functions and BigLake (Cloud Resource).

4. In the Connection ID field, enter a name for your connection.

5. Click Create connection.

6. Click Go to connection.

7. In the Connection info pane, copy the service account ID for use in a later step.

bq

1. In a command-line environment, create a connection:

   bq mk --connection --location=REGION --project_id=PROJECT_ID \
       --connection_type=CLOUD_RESOURCE CONNECTION_ID
   

   The --project_id parameter overrides the default project.

   Replace the following:

   • REGION: your connection region
   • PROJECT_ID: your Google Cloud project ID
   • CONNECTION_ID: an ID for your connection

   When you create a connection resource, BigQuery creates a unique system service account and associates it with the connection.

   Troubleshooting: If you get the following connection error, update the Google Cloud SDK:

   Flags parsing error: flag --connection_type=CLOUD_RESOURCE: value should be one of...
   

2. Retrieve and copy the service account ID for use in a later step:

   bq show --connection PROJECT_ID.REGION.CONNECTION_ID
   

   The output is similar to the following:

   name                          properties
   1234.REGION.CONNECTION_ID     {"serviceAccountId": "[e-mail]"}
   

Terraform

Use the google_bigquery_connection resource.

Note: To create BigQuery objects using Terraform, you must enable the Cloud Resource Manager API.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

The following example creates a Cloud resource connection named my_cloud_resource_connection in the US region:

# This queries the provider for project information.
data "google_project" "default" {}

# This creates a cloud resource connection in the US region named my_cloud_resource_connection.
# Note: The cloud resource nested object has only one output field - serviceAccountId.
resource "google_bigquery_connection" "default" {
  connection_id = "my_cloud_resource_connection"
  project       = data.google_project.default.project_id
  location      = "US"
  cloud_resource {}
}

To apply your Terraform configuration in a Google Cloud project, complete the steps in the following sections.

Prepare Cloud Shell

1. Launch Cloud Shell.

2. Set the default Google Cloud project where you want to apply your Terraform configurations.

   You only need to run this command once per project, and you can run it in any directory.

   export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=PROJECT_ID

   Environment variables are overridden if you set explicit values in the Terraform configuration file.

Prepare the directory

Each Terraform configuration file must have its own directory (also called a root module).

1. In Cloud Shell, create a directory and a new file within that directory. The filename must have the .tf extension—for example main.tf. In this tutorial, the file is referred to as main.tf.

   mkdir DIRECTORY && cd DIRECTORY && touch main.tf

2. If you are following a tutorial, you can copy the sample code in each section or step.

   Copy the sample code into the newly created main.tf.

   Optionally, copy the code from GitHub. This is recommended when the Terraform snippet is part of an end-to-end solution.

3. Review and modify the sample parameters to apply to your environment.
4. Save your changes.
5. Initialize Terraform. You only need to do this once per directory.

   terraform init

   Optionally, to use the latest Google provider version, include the -upgrade option:

   terraform init -upgrade

Apply the changes

1. Review the configuration and verify that the resources that Terraform is going to create or update match your expectations:

   terraform plan

   Make corrections to the configuration as necessary.

2. Apply the Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:

   terraform apply

   Wait until Terraform displays the "Apply complete!" message.

3. Open your Google Cloud project to view the results. In the Google Cloud console, navigate to your resources in the UI to make sure that Terraform has created or updated them.

Note: Terraform samples typically assume that the required APIs are enabled in your Google Cloud project.

Grant permissions to the connection's service account

Grant the connection's service account the Vertex AI User role. You must grant this role in the same project you created or selected in the Before you begin section. Granting the role in a different project results in the error [e-mail] does not have the permission to access resource.

To grant the role, follow these steps:

1. Go to the IAM & Admin page.

   Go to IAM & Admin

2. Click Grant Access.

3. In the New principals field, enter the service account ID that you copied earlier.

4. In the Select a role field, choose Vertex AI, and then select Vertex AI User role.

5. Click Save.

Create the remote model

Create a remote model that represents a hosted Vertex AI model:

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

   Go to BigQuery

2. In the query editor, run the following statement:

CREATE OR REPLACE MODEL `bqml_tutorial.gemini_model`
  REMOTE WITH CONNECTION `LOCATION.CONNECTION_ID`
  OPTIONS (ENDPOINT = 'gemini-1.0-pro-002');

Replace the following:

• LOCATION: the connection location
• CONNECTION_ID: the ID of your BigQuery connection

  When you view the connection details in the Google Cloud console, this is the value in the last section of the fully qualified connection ID that is shown in Connection ID, for example projects/myproject/locations/connection_location/connections/myconnection

The query takes several seconds to complete, after which the model gemini_model appears in the bqml_tutorial dataset in the Explorer pane. Because the query uses a CREATE MODEL statement to create a model, there are no query results.

Perform keyword extraction

Perform keyword extraction on IMDB movie reviews by using the remote model and the ML.GENERATE_TEXT function:

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

   Go to BigQuery

2. In the query editor, enter the following statement to perform keyword extraction on five movie reviews:

   SELECT
     ml_generate_text_result['candidates'][0]['content'] AS generated_text,
     ml_generate_text_result['candidates'][0]['safety_ratings']
       AS safety_ratings,
     * EXCEPT (ml_generate_text_result)
   FROM
     ML.GENERATE_TEXT(
       MODEL `bqml_tutorial.gemini_model`,
       (
         SELECT
           CONCAT('Extract the key words from the text below: ', review) AS prompt,
           *
         FROM
           `bigquery-public-data.imdb.reviews`
         LIMIT 5
       ),
       STRUCT(
         0.2 AS temperature,
         100 AS max_output_tokens));
   

   The output is similar to the following, with non-generated columns omitted for clarity:

   +----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   | generated_text                         | safety_ratings                              | ml_generate_text_status | prompt                     | ... |
   +----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   | {"parts":[{"text":"## Key words:\n\n*  | [{"category":1,"probability":1,             |                         | Extract the key words from |     |
   | **Negative sentiment:** \"terribly     | "probability_score":0.28856909,             |                         | the text below: I had to   |     |
   | bad acting\", \"dumb story\", \"not    | "severity":1,"severity_score":0.1510278},   |                         | see this on the British    |     |
   | even a kid would enjoy this\",         | {"category":2,"probability":1,              |                         | Airways plane. It was      |     |
   | \"something to switch off\"\n*         | "probability_score":0.062445287,            |                         | terribly bad acting and    |     |
   | **Context:** \"British Airways plane\" | "severity":1,"severity_score":0.10393038},  |                         | a dumb story. Not even     |     |
   | \n* **Genre:** \"movie\" (implied)...  | {"category":3,"probability":2,...           |                         | a kid would enjoy this...  |     |
   +----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   | {"parts":[{"text":"## Key words:\n\n*  | [{"category":1,"probability":1,             |                         | Extract the key words from |     |
   | **Movie:** The Real Howard Spitz\n*    | "probability_score":0.2995148,"severity":2, |                         | the text below: This is    |     |
   | **Genre:** Family movie\n*             | "severity_score":0.22354652},               |                         | a family movie that was    |     |
   | **Broadcast:** ITV station, 1.00 am\n* | {"category":2,"probability":1,"             |                         | broadcast on my local      |     |
   | **Director:** Vadim Jean\n*            | probability_score":0.13072868,              |                         | ITV station at 1.00 am a   |     |
   | **Main character:** Howard Spitz,      | "severity":1,"severity_score":0.07030385},  |                         | couple of nights ago.      |     |
   | a children's author who hates...       | {"category":3,"probability":2,"       ...   |                         | This might be a strange... |     |
   +----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   

   The results include the following columns:

   • generated_text: the generated text.
   • safety_ratings: the safety attributes, along with information about whether the content is blocked due to one of the blocking categories. For more information about the safety attributes, see Vertex PaLM API.
   • ml_generate_text_status: the API response status for the corresponding row. If the operation was successful, this value is empty.
   • prompt: the prompt that is used for the sentiment analysis.
   • All of the columns from the bigquery-public-data.imdb.reviews table.

3. Optional: Instead of manually parsing the JSON returned by the function, as you did in the previous step, use the flatten_json_output argument to return the generated text and the safety attributes in separate columns.

   In the query editor, run the following statement:

   SELECT
     *
   FROM
     ML.GENERATE_TEXT(
       MODEL `bqml_tutorial.gemini_model`,
       (
         SELECT
           CONCAT('Extract the key words from the text below: ', review) AS prompt,
           *
         FROM
           `bigquery-public-data.imdb.reviews`
         LIMIT 5
       ),
       STRUCT(
         0.2 AS temperature,
         100 AS max_output_tokens,
         TRUE AS flatten_json_output));
   

   The output is similar to the following, with non-generated columns omitted for clarity:

   +----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   | ml_generate_text_llm_result            | ml_generate_text_rai_result                  | ml_generate_text_status | prompt                     | ... |
   +----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   | ## Keywords:                           | [{"category":1,"probability":1,              |                         | Extract the key words from |     |
   |                                        | "probability_score":0.29391089,"severity":1, |                         | the text below: I had to   |     |
   | * **Negative sentiment:**              | "severity_score":0.15584777},{"category":2,  |                         | see this on the British    |     |
   | "terribly bad acting", "dumb           | "probability":1,"probability_score":         |                         | Airways plane. It was      |     |
   | story", "not even a kid would          | 0.061311536,"severity":1,"severity_score":   |                         | terribly bad acting and    |     |
   | enjoy this", "switch off"              | 0.10320505},{"category":3,"probability":2,   |                         | a dumb story. Not even     |     |
   | * **Context:** "British                | "probability_score":0.60340...               |                         | a kid would enjoy this...  |     |
   +----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   | ## Key words:                          | [{"category":1,"probability":1,              |                         | Extract the key words from |     |
   |                                        | "probability_score":0.16968086,"severity":1, |                         | the text below: This is    |     |
   | * **Movie:** The Real Howard Spitz     | "severity_score":0.13386749},{"category":2,  |                         | a family movie that was    |     |
   | * **Genre:** Family movie              | "probability":1,"probability_score":         |                         | broadcast on my local      |     |
   | * **Broadcast:** ITV, 1.00             | 0.14841709,"severity":1,"severity_score":    |                         | ITV station at 1.00 am a   |     |
   | am                                     | 0.062674366},{"category":3,"probability":1,  |                         | couple of nights ago.      |     |
   | - ...                                  | "probability_score":0.38116196,...           |                         | This might be a strange... |     |
   +----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   

   The results include the following columns:

   • ml_generate_text_llm_result: the generated text.
   • ml_generate_text_rai_result: the safety attributes, along with information about whether the content is blocked due to one of the blocking categories. For more information about the safety attributes, see Vertex PaLM API.
   • ml_generate_text_status: the API response status for the corresponding row. If the operation was successful, this value is empty.
   • prompt: the prompt that is used for the keyword extraction.
   • All of the columns from the bigquery-public-data.imdb.reviews table.

Perform sentiment analysis

Perform sentiment analysis on IMDB movie reviews by using the remote model and the ML.GENERATE_TEXT function:

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

   Go to BigQuery

2. In the query editor, run the following statement to perform sentiment analysis on five movie reviews:

   SELECT
     ml_generate_text_result['candidates'][0]['content'] AS generated_text,
     ml_generate_text_result['candidates'][0]['safety_ratings']
       AS safety_ratings,
     * EXCEPT (ml_generate_text_result)
   FROM
     ML.GENERATE_TEXT(
       MODEL `bqml_tutorial.gemini_model`,
       (
         SELECT
           CONCAT(
             'perform sentiment analysis on the following text, return one the following categories: positive, negative: ',
             review) AS prompt,
           *
         FROM
           `bigquery-public-data.imdb.reviews`
         LIMIT 5
       ),
       STRUCT(
         0.2 AS temperature,
         100 AS max_output_tokens));
   

   The output is similar to the following, with non-generated columns omitted for clarity:

   +--------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   | generated_text                             | safety_ratings                              | ml_generate_text_status | prompt                     | ... |
   +--------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   | {"parts":[{"text":"## Sentiment Analysis:  | [{"category":1,"probability":1,             |                         | perform sentiment analysis |     |
   | Negative \n\nThis text expresses a         | "probability_score":0.33895186,             |                         | on the following text,     |     |
   | strongly negative sentiment towards the    | "severity":1,"severity_score":0.10521054},  |                         | return one the following   |     |
   | movie. Here's why:\n\n* **Negative         | {"category":2,"probability":1,              |                         | negative: I  had to see    |     |
   | like \"terribly,\" \"dumb,\" and           | "probability_score":0.069163561,"severity"  |                         | this on the British        |     | 
   | \"not even\" to describe the acting...     | :1,"severity_score":0.093512312},...        |                         | Airways plane. It was...   |     | 
   +--------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   | {"parts":[{"text":"## Sentiment Analysis:  | [{"category":1,"probability":1,             |                         | perform sentiment analysis |     |
   | Negative \n\nThis review expresses a       | "probability_score":0.35644665,             |                         | on the following text,     |     |
   | predominantly negative sentiment towards   | "severity":1,"severity_score":0.15253653},  |                         | return one the following   |     |
   | the movie \"The Real Howard Spitz.\"       | {"category":2,"probability":1,              |                         | categories: positive,      |     |
   | Here's why:\n\n* **Criticism of the film's | "probability_score":0.063948415,"severity"  |                         | negative: This is a family |     |
   | premise:** The reviewer finds it strange   | :1,"severity_score":0.047249716},           |                         | movie that was broadcast   |     |
   | that a film about a children's author...   | {"category":3,"probability":2,...           |                         | on my local ITV station... |     |
   +--------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------+-----+
   

   The results include the same columns documented for Perform keyword extraction.

Clean up

Caution: Deleting a project has the following effects:

• Everything in the project is deleted. If you used an existing project for the tasks in this document, when you delete it, you also delete any other work you've done in the project.
• Custom project IDs are lost. When you created this project, you might have created a custom project ID that you want to use in the future. To preserve the URLs that use the project ID, such as an appspot.com URL, delete selected resources inside the project instead of deleting the whole project.

If you plan to explore multiple architectures, tutorials, or quickstarts, reusing projects can help you avoid exceeding project quota limits.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Manage resources page.

   Go to Manage resources

2. In the project list, select the project that you want to delete, and then click Delete.
3. In the dialog, type the project ID, and then click Shut down to delete the project.