Connettiti alle VM Linux utilizzando Cloud VPN o Cloud Interconnect
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Linux
Questo documento descrive come connettersi a un'istanza di macchina virtuale (VM)
tramite il relativo indirizzo IP interno, da una rete on-premise che utilizza
Cloud VPN o
Cloud Interconnect
per connettersi alla rete VPC della VM.
La connessione a una VM utilizzando il relativo indirizzo IP interno è utile se la VM non
dispone di un indirizzo IP esterno. Se la VM ha un indirizzo IP esterno,
connettiti alla VM utilizzando il suo indirizzo IP esterno.
Se la tua rete on-premise non è connessa alla rete VPC della VM e devi connetterti all'indirizzo IP interno della VM, esamina gli altri metodi elencati in Opzioni di connessione per le VM solo interne.
Sistemi operativi supportati
Questi metodi di connessione sono supportati per tutte le
immagini Linux pubbliche disponibili su
Compute Engine. Per le immagini Fedora CoreOS, devi
configurare l'accesso SSH
prima di poter utilizzare questi metodi.
Connettiti alle VM
Per connetterti a una VM, completa i passaggi in una delle seguenti schede.
At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a
Cloud Shell
session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment
with the Google Cloud CLI
already installed and with values already set for
your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.
Connettiti alla VM eseguendo il seguente comando:
gcloud compute ssh VM-NAME \
--internal-ip
Sostituisci VM_NAME con il nome della VM a cui vuoi connetterti.
IAP Desktop
Per connetterti a una VM utilizzando IAP Desktop, segui questi passaggi:
Apri IAP Desktop. Viene visualizzata la finestra Aggiungi progetti.
Quando richiesto, accedi utilizzando l'Account Google che ha accesso al progetto con le VM
a cui vuoi connetterti.
Nella finestra Aggiungi progetti, inserisci l'ID progetto o il nome del
progetto che contiene le VM a cui vuoi connetterti.
Nella finestra Project Explorer, fai clic con il tasto destro del mouse sul nome della VM a cui vuoi connetterti e seleziona Impostazioni di connessione.
Nella finestra Impostazioni di connessione, imposta Connetti tramite
su Vpc.
Nella finestra Project Explorer, fai di nuovo clic con il tasto destro del mouse sul nome della VM
e seleziona Connetti per connetterti alla VM.
Client OpenSSH
Connettiti tramite l'indirizzo IP interno di una VM da un client OpenSSH nel seguente modo:
PATH_TO_PRIVATE_KEY: il percorso del file della chiave SSH privata
corrispondente alla chiave pubblica che hai aggiunto alla VM.
USERNAME:
il tuo
nome utente. Se gestisci le chiavi SSH nei
metadati, il nome utente è quello specificato quando hai
creato la chiave SSH.
Per
gli account OS Login, il nome utente è
definito nel tuo profilo Google.
Ad esempio, cloudysanfrancisco_example_com o cloudysanfrancisco.
INTERNAL_IP: l'indirizzo IP interno della VM.
App PuTTY
Connettiti tramite l'indirizzo IP interno di una VM utilizzando PuTTY nel seguente modo:
Apri l'app PuTTY. Si apre una finestra di configurazione della connessione.
Nel campo Host Name, inserisci il nome utente associato alla chiave SSH e
l'indirizzo
IP interno
della VM a cui vuoi connetterti. Utilizza il formato seguente:
USERNAME@INTERNAL_IP
Sostituisci quanto segue:
USERNAME:
il tuo nome utente. Se gestisci le chiavi SSH nei
metadati, il nome utente è quello specificato quando hai
creato la chiave SSH.
Per
gli account OS Login, il nome utente è
definito nel tuo profilo Google.
Ad esempio, cloudysanfrancisco_example_com o cloudysanfrancisco.
INTERNAL_IP: l'indirizzo IP interno della VM.
Nel menu Categoria, vai a Connessione >
SSH > Auth.
Nel campo File chiave privata per autenticazione, seleziona il file della chiave SSH
privata corrispondente alla chiave pubblica che hai aggiunto alla VM.
[[["Facile da capire","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Il problema è stato risolto","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Altra","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difficile da capire","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informazioni o codice di esempio errati","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Mancano le informazioni o gli esempi di cui ho bisogno","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema di traduzione","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Altra","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Ultimo aggiornamento 2025-09-04 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis guide outlines methods for connecting to a Linux virtual machine (VM) using its internal IP address, specifically from an on-premises network linked via Cloud VPN or Cloud Interconnect.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eConnecting via internal IP is particularly useful when the VM lacks an external IP address, though alternative connection methods exist for internal-only VMs.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe document supports connections to all public Linux images available on Compute Engine, and details connection methods using gcloud, IAP Desktop, OpenSSH clients, and PuTTY.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe guide provides instructions on how to initiate SSH connections using various methods, including command-line tools and graphical interfaces.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting resources are available to help resolve any issues that may occur when connecting via SSH to a VM.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Connect to Linux VMs using Cloud VPN or Cloud Interconnect\n\nLinux\n\n*** ** * ** ***\n\nThis document describes how to connect to a virtual machine (VM) instance\nthrough its internal IP address, from an on-premises network that uses\n[Cloud VPN](/network-connectivity/docs/vpn/concepts/overview) or\n[Cloud Interconnect](/network-connectivity/docs/interconnect/concepts/overview)\nto connect to the VM's VPC network.\n\nConnecting to a VM using its internal IP address is useful if the VM doesn't\nhave an external IP address. If the VM does have an external IP address,\n[connect to the VM using its external IP address](/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-instance).\nIf your on-premises network isn't connected to your VM's VPC\nnetwork and you need to connect to your VM's internal IP address, review the\nother methods listed in\n[Connection options for internal-only VMs](/compute/docs/connect/ssh-internal-ip).\n\nSupported operating systems\n---------------------------\n\nThese connection methods are supported for all\n[public Linux images](/compute/docs/images/os-details) that are available on\nCompute Engine. For Fedora CoreOS images, you must\n[set up SSH access](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-coreos/tutorial-containers/)\nbefore you can use these methods.\n\nConnect to VMs\n--------------\n\nTo connect to a VM, complete the steps in one of the following tabs. \n\n### gcloud\n\nConnect to a VM using SSH by running the\n[`gcloud compute ssh` command](/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/ssh) with the\n[`--internal-ip` flag](/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/ssh#--internal-ip):\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.\n\n [Activate Cloud Shell](https://console.cloud.google.com/?cloudshell=true)\n\n\n At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a\n [Cloud Shell](/shell/docs/how-cloud-shell-works)\n session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment\n with the Google Cloud CLI\n already installed and with values already set for\n your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.\n2. Connect to the VM by running the following command:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute ssh VM-NAME \\\n --internal-ip\n ```\n3. Replace \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVM_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of the VM that you want to connect to.\n\n| **Note:** When you connect to VMs using the gcloud CLI, Compute Engine creates a persistent SSH key for you. For more information about SSH keys, see [SSH connections to Linux VMs](/compute/docs/instances/ssh).\n\n### IAP Desktop\n\nTo connect to a VM using IAP Desktop, do the following:\n\n1.\n [Install IAP Desktop](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/iap-desktop/)\n on your workstation if you haven't already.\n\n2.\n Open IAP Desktop. The **Add projects** window opens.\n\n3.\n\n When prompted, sign in using the Google account that has access to the project with the VMs\n you want to connect to.\n\n4.\n In the **Add projects** window, enter the project ID or name of the\n project that contains the VMs you want to connect to.\n\n5.\n In the **Project Explorer** window, right-click the name of the VM that\n you want to connect to and select **Connection settings**.\n\n6.\n In the **Connection settings** window, set **Connect via**\n to **Vpc**.\n\n7.\n In the **Project Explorer** window, right-click the name of the VM\n again and select **Connect** to connect to the VM.\n\n### OpenSSH clients\n\nConnect through a VM's internal IP address from an OpenSSH client, by doing the following:\n\n1. [Add an SSH key to the VM](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys) if you haven't already.\n2. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM Instances** page and find the\n\n internal IP address\n\n of the\n\n VM that you want to connect to.\n\n [Go to VM Instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n3. Open a terminal on your workstation.\n4. Connect to the\n\n VM by running the following command:\n\n ```\n ssh -i PATH_TO_PRIVATE_KEY USERNAME@INTERNAL_IP\n ```\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePATH_TO_PRIVATE_KEY\u003c/var\u003e: the path to the private SSH key file that corresponds to the public key you added to the VM.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eUSERNAME\u003c/var\u003e: your username. If you manage your SSH keys in metadata, the username is what you specified when you [created the SSH key](/compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys). For OS Login accounts, the username is [defined in your Google profile](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys#os-login). For example, `cloudysanfrancisco_example_com` or `cloudysanfrancisco`.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINTERNAL_IP\u003c/var\u003e: the internal IP address of the VM.\n\n### PuTTY app\n\nConnect through a VM's internal IP address using PuTTY, by doing the following:\n\n1. [Add an SSH key](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys) to the VM if you haven't already.\n2. If your workstation doesn't already have the PuTTY app installed, [download the PuTTY package files](http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html).\n3. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM Instances** page and find the\n\n internal IP address\n\n of the VM that you want to connect to.\n\n [Go to VM Instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n4. Open the PuTTY app. A connection configuration window opens.\n5. In the `Host Name` field, enter the username associated with the SSH key, and\n the\n\n internal IP address\n\n of the VM that you want to connect to. Use the following format:\n\n ```\n USERNAME@INTERNAL_IP\n ```\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eUSERNAME\u003c/var\u003e: your username. If you manage your SSH keys in metadata, the username is what you specified when you [created the SSH key](/compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys). For OS Login accounts, the username is [defined in your Google profile](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys#os-login). For example, `cloudysanfrancisco_example_com` or `cloudysanfrancisco`.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINTERNAL_IP\u003c/var\u003e: the internal IP address of the VM.\n6. In the **Category** menu, navigate to **Connection \\\u003e\n SSH \\\u003e Auth**.\n7. In the **Private key file for authentication** field, select the private SSH key file that corresponds to the public key you added to the VM.\n8. Click **Open** to connect to the VM.\n\nTroubleshooting\n---------------\n\nTo find methods for diagnosing and resolving failed SSH connections, see\n[Troubleshooting SSH](/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ssh).\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- Learn how to [manage access to VMs](/compute/docs/instances/access-overview).\n- Learn how to [transfer files to VMs](/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files).\n- Learn how [SSH connections to Linux VMs](/compute/docs/instances/ssh) work on Compute Engine."]]