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Questo tutorial mostra come utilizzare Compute Engine per eseguire il deployment di un server web Apache su un'istanza di macchina virtuale (VM). Per scoprire di più sulle tecnologie
che puoi utilizzare per il web serving su
Google Cloud, consulta Scegliere un'opzione di hosting su
Google Cloud.
Una VM su Compute Engine può essere controllata come
qualsiasi server Linux standard. Esegui il deployment di un server web Apache per conoscere le nozioni di base sull'esecuzione di un server in un'istanza VM.
Prerequisiti
Crea una VM Linux che consenta il traffico HTTP nel seguente modo:
(Facoltativo) Durante la creazione di una VM Linux, puoi selezionare la casella di controllo Consenti traffico
HTTP per aprire la porta tcp:80 per il traffico e la casella di controllo Consenti traffico
HTTPS per aprire la porta tcp:443. Tuttavia, se vuoi aprire una porta diversa, configura il firewall dopo aver creato la VM, quindi configura Apache per utilizzare il firewall.
Per connetterti alla VM Linux che hai appena creato, fai clic su SSH nella riga della VM.
Per aggiornare i pacchetti disponibili e installare il pacchetto apache2, utilizza il gestore di pacchetti di sistema per quel sistema operativo.
Se hai seguito la guida rapida, viene creata una VM Ubuntu. Per aggiornare una VM Ubuntu, esegui questo comando:
sudo apt update && sudo apt -y install apache2
Dopo aver installato Apache, il sistema operativo avvia automaticamente il server Apache.
Verifica che Apache sia in esecuzione:
sudo systemctl status apache2
Sovrascrivi la pagina web predefinita del server web Apache:
Se non conosci Google Cloud, crea un account per valutare
le prestazioni di Compute Engine
in scenari reali. I nuovi clienti ricevono anche 300 $ di crediti senza addebiti per l'esecuzione, il test e
il deployment dei workload.
[[["Facile da capire","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Il problema è stato risolto","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Altra","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difficile da capire","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informazioni o codice di esempio errati","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Mancano le informazioni o gli esempi di cui ho bisogno","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema di traduzione","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Altra","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Ultimo aggiornamento 2025-09-03 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis tutorial guides you through deploying an Apache web server on a Compute Engine virtual machine (VM) instance, providing a foundation for running a server on a VM.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe process involves creating a Linux VM, connecting to it via SSH, and installing the \u003ccode\u003eapache2\u003c/code\u003e package using the system package manager, which will automatically start the server.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can verify Apache is running, overwrite the default web page with custom content, and then test the server by accessing its external IP address in a web browser using \u003ccode\u003ehttp://[EXTERNAL_IP]\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting steps are provided for resolving "Connection Refused" errors, which often involve checking firewall rules and ensuring that the VM allows HTTP traffic on port 80, along with confirming the correct URL format is used.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eAfter completion, the guide suggests exploring further options such as hosting a full website or setting up LAMP stack on Compute Engine.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Running a basic Apache web server\n\nThis tutorial shows you how to use Compute Engine to deploy an Apache web\nserver on a virtual machine (VM) instance. To learn more about the technologies\nthat you can use for web serving on\nGoogle Cloud, see [Choosing a hosting option on\nGoogle Cloud](/architecture/web-serving-overview#choosing_an_option).\n\nA VM on Compute Engine can be controlled like\nany standard Linux server. Deploy an Apache web server to learn the\nbasics of running a server on a VM instance.\n\nPrerequisites\n-------------\n\nCreate a Linux VM that allows HTTP traffic by doing the following:\n\n1. Create a new Linux VM. For more information, see [Quickstart using a Linux\n VM](/compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance).\n\n 1. Optional: While creating a Linux VM, you can select the **Allow HTTP\n traffic** checkbox to open port `tcp:80` for traffic and **Allow HTTPS\n traffic** checkbox to open port `tcp:443`. However, if you want to open a different port, [configure the firewall](/vpc/docs/using-firewalls) after creating the VM, and then [configure Apache](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/bind.html) to use the firewall.\n2. Connect to the Linux VM. For more information, see [Connect to the\n VM instance](/compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance#connect_to_the_vm_instance).\n\nInstall Apache\n--------------\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM Instances** page.\n\n [Go to VM instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n2. To connect to the Linux VM you just created, click **SSH** in the row of the VM.\n3. To update the available packages and\n install the `apache2` package, use the system package manager for that operating system.\n If you followed the Quickstart, this creates an Ubuntu VM. To update an\n Ubuntu VM, run the following command:\n\n sudo apt update && sudo apt -y install apache2\n\n After installing Apache, the operating system automatically starts the\n Apache server.\n4. Verify that Apache is running:\n\n sudo systemctl status apache2\n\n5. Overwrite the Apache web server default web page:\n\n echo '\u003c!doctype html\u003e\u003chtml\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\u003ch1\u003eHello World!\u003c/h1\u003e\u003c/body\u003e\u003c/html\u003e' | sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html\n\nTest your server\n----------------\n\nTest that your VM is serving traffic on its external IP.\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM Instances** page.\n\n [Go to VM instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n2. Copy the external IP for your VM under the **External IP** column.\n3. In a browser, navigate to `http://[EXTERNAL_IP]`. Don't connect using `https` because this causes the server to return a `Connection Refused` error.\n\nYou should now see the \"Hello World!\" page.\n\nClean up\n--------\n\nTo avoid incurring charges for the VM after you're done experimenting, delete\nthe VM. For more information, see [Clean up](/compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance#clean-up).\n\nTroubleshooting\n---------------\n\n**Receiving a `Connection Refused` error**\n\nIf you are seeing a `Connection Refused` error, it is possible that:\n\n- Your VM instance is not publicly accessible because your firewall rules or\n tags are misconfigured in one of the following ways:\n\n - The VM instance does not have the proper tag that allows Compute Engine to apply the appropriate firewall rules to your instance.\n - Your project does not have a firewall rule that allows traffic to the external IP address for your instance.\n- You are trying to access the VM using an `https` address. Check that your\n URL is `http://[EXTERNAL_IP]` rather than `https://[EXTERNAL_IP]`.\n\nTo ensure that your VM instance has the correct tags:\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM instances** page.\n\n [Go to VM instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n2. Click the name of the instance that you are trying to connect to.\n3. Click **Edit** at the top of the page.\n4. Scroll down to **Firewalls** , and make sure the **Allow HTTP traffic** box is checked. If it is not checked, check it.\n5. Save your changes. This ensures that the correct tags are added to the VM instance.\n\nTo ensure that the correct firewall rule exists:\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **Firewall rules** page.\n\n [Go to Firewall rules](https://console.cloud.google.com/networking/firewalls)\n2. Look for a firewall rule that allows all IP ranges through tcp:80. Usually, this rule is named the `default-allow-http` rule.\n3. If a rule does not exist, create one.\n 1. Click **Create firewall rule**.\n 2. Enter a name for the rule, such as `default-allow-http`.\n 3. Under **Source IP ranges** , enter `0.0.0.0/0` to allow traffic from all sources.\n 4. Under **Protocols and ports** , check **Specified protocols and ports** and enter `tcp:80`.\n 5. Create your firewall rule.\n\nTest your server again by going to the external IP address of the instance: \n\n http://[EXTERNAL_IP]\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\nLearn how to [host a website on Compute Engine](/solutions/web-serving-overview).\n\nLearn how to [set up LAMP on Compute Engine](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/community/blob/master/archived/setting-up-lamp/index.md).\n\nTry it for yourself\n-------------------\n\n\nIf you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how\nCompute Engine performs in real-world\nscenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and\ndeploy workloads.\n[Try Compute Engine free](https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial)"]]
