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Neste tutorial, mostramos como usar o Compute Engine para implantar um servidor da Web Apache em uma instância de máquina virtual (VM, na sigla em inglês). Para saber mais sobre as tecnologias
que podem ser usadas para exibição na Web no
Google Cloud, consulte Como escolher uma opção de hospedagem no
Google Cloud.
Uma VM no Compute Engine pode ser controlada como
qualquer servidor Linux padrão. Implante um servidor da Web Apache para aprender os
princípios básicos de execução de um servidor em uma instância de VM.
Pré-requisitos
Para criar uma instância do Linux que permita tráfego HTTP, siga estas etapas:
Opcional: ao criar uma VM do Linux, marque a caixa de seleção Permitir tráfego HTTP para abrir a porta tcp:80 e Permitir tráfego HTTPS. para abrir a porta tcp:443. No entanto, se você
quiser abrir uma porta diferente, configure o firewall
depois de criar a VM e configure o Apache
para usar o firewall. de dados.
Para se conectar à VM do Linux que você acabou de criar, clique em SSH na linha da
VM.
Para atualizar os pacotes disponíveis e
instalar o pacote apache2, use o gerenciador de pacotes do sistema para esse sistema operacional.
Se você seguiu o guia de início rápido, uma VM do Ubuntu será criada. Para atualizar uma
VM do Ubuntu, execute o seguinte comando:
sudo apt update && sudo apt -y install apache2
Depois da instalação do Apache, o sistema operacional inicia automaticamente o servidor Apache.
Verifique se o Apache está em execução:
sudo systemctl status apache2
Substitua a página da Web padrão do servidor da Web Apache:
Em um navegador, acesse http://[EXTERNAL_IP]. Não se conecte usando
https porque isso faz com que o servidor retorne um
erro Connection Refused.
Você verá a página "Hello World!".
Limpar
Para evitar cobranças pela VM depois de concluir o teste, exclua
a VM. Para mais informações, consulte Limpeza.
Solução de problemas
Recebimento de um erro Connection Refused
Se você está vendo um erro Connection Refused, isso pode estar acontecendo por conta de um destes motivos:
A instância de VM não está acessível publicamente porque as regras ou as tags de firewall estão configuradas incorretamente de uma das maneiras a seguir:
A instância da VM não tem a tag apropriada que permite que o Compute Engine aplique as regras de firewall adequadas à instância.
O projeto não tem uma regra de firewall que permita o tráfego para o endereço IP externo da instância.
Você está tentando acessar a VM com um endereço https. Verifique se o URL é http://[EXTERNAL_IP] em vez de https://[EXTERNAL_IP].
Para garantir que sua instância de VM tenha as tags corretas:
No Google Cloud console, acesse a página Instâncias de VM:
Se você começou a usar o Google Cloud agora, crie uma conta para avaliar
o desempenho do Compute Engine em situações
reais. Clientes novos também recebem US$ 300 em créditos para executar, testar e
implantar cargas de trabalho.
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informações incorretas ou exemplo de código","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Não contém as informações/amostras de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-09-03 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis tutorial guides you through deploying an Apache web server on a Compute Engine virtual machine (VM) instance, providing a foundation for running a server on a VM.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe process involves creating a Linux VM, connecting to it via SSH, and installing the \u003ccode\u003eapache2\u003c/code\u003e package using the system package manager, which will automatically start the server.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can verify Apache is running, overwrite the default web page with custom content, and then test the server by accessing its external IP address in a web browser using \u003ccode\u003ehttp://[EXTERNAL_IP]\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting steps are provided for resolving "Connection Refused" errors, which often involve checking firewall rules and ensuring that the VM allows HTTP traffic on port 80, along with confirming the correct URL format is used.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eAfter completion, the guide suggests exploring further options such as hosting a full website or setting up LAMP stack on Compute Engine.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Running a basic Apache web server\n\nThis tutorial shows you how to use Compute Engine to deploy an Apache web\nserver on a virtual machine (VM) instance. To learn more about the technologies\nthat you can use for web serving on\nGoogle Cloud, see [Choosing a hosting option on\nGoogle Cloud](/architecture/web-serving-overview#choosing_an_option).\n\nA VM on Compute Engine can be controlled like\nany standard Linux server. Deploy an Apache web server to learn the\nbasics of running a server on a VM instance.\n\nPrerequisites\n-------------\n\nCreate a Linux VM that allows HTTP traffic by doing the following:\n\n1. Create a new Linux VM. For more information, see [Quickstart using a Linux\n VM](/compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance).\n\n 1. Optional: While creating a Linux VM, you can select the **Allow HTTP\n traffic** checkbox to open port `tcp:80` for traffic and **Allow HTTPS\n traffic** checkbox to open port `tcp:443`. However, if you want to open a different port, [configure the firewall](/vpc/docs/using-firewalls) after creating the VM, and then [configure Apache](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/bind.html) to use the firewall.\n2. Connect to the Linux VM. For more information, see [Connect to the\n VM instance](/compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance#connect_to_the_vm_instance).\n\nInstall Apache\n--------------\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM Instances** page.\n\n [Go to VM instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n2. To connect to the Linux VM you just created, click **SSH** in the row of the VM.\n3. To update the available packages and\n install the `apache2` package, use the system package manager for that operating system.\n If you followed the Quickstart, this creates an Ubuntu VM. To update an\n Ubuntu VM, run the following command:\n\n sudo apt update && sudo apt -y install apache2\n\n After installing Apache, the operating system automatically starts the\n Apache server.\n4. Verify that Apache is running:\n\n sudo systemctl status apache2\n\n5. Overwrite the Apache web server default web page:\n\n echo '\u003c!doctype html\u003e\u003chtml\u003e\u003cbody\u003e\u003ch1\u003eHello World!\u003c/h1\u003e\u003c/body\u003e\u003c/html\u003e' | sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html\n\nTest your server\n----------------\n\nTest that your VM is serving traffic on its external IP.\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM Instances** page.\n\n [Go to VM instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n2. Copy the external IP for your VM under the **External IP** column.\n3. In a browser, navigate to `http://[EXTERNAL_IP]`. Don't connect using `https` because this causes the server to return a `Connection Refused` error.\n\nYou should now see the \"Hello World!\" page.\n\nClean up\n--------\n\nTo avoid incurring charges for the VM after you're done experimenting, delete\nthe VM. For more information, see [Clean up](/compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance#clean-up).\n\nTroubleshooting\n---------------\n\n**Receiving a `Connection Refused` error**\n\nIf you are seeing a `Connection Refused` error, it is possible that:\n\n- Your VM instance is not publicly accessible because your firewall rules or\n tags are misconfigured in one of the following ways:\n\n - The VM instance does not have the proper tag that allows Compute Engine to apply the appropriate firewall rules to your instance.\n - Your project does not have a firewall rule that allows traffic to the external IP address for your instance.\n- You are trying to access the VM using an `https` address. Check that your\n URL is `http://[EXTERNAL_IP]` rather than `https://[EXTERNAL_IP]`.\n\nTo ensure that your VM instance has the correct tags:\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM instances** page.\n\n [Go to VM instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n2. Click the name of the instance that you are trying to connect to.\n3. Click **Edit** at the top of the page.\n4. Scroll down to **Firewalls** , and make sure the **Allow HTTP traffic** box is checked. If it is not checked, check it.\n5. Save your changes. This ensures that the correct tags are added to the VM instance.\n\nTo ensure that the correct firewall rule exists:\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **Firewall rules** page.\n\n [Go to Firewall rules](https://console.cloud.google.com/networking/firewalls)\n2. Look for a firewall rule that allows all IP ranges through tcp:80. Usually, this rule is named the `default-allow-http` rule.\n3. If a rule does not exist, create one.\n 1. Click **Create firewall rule**.\n 2. Enter a name for the rule, such as `default-allow-http`.\n 3. Under **Source IP ranges** , enter `0.0.0.0/0` to allow traffic from all sources.\n 4. Under **Protocols and ports** , check **Specified protocols and ports** and enter `tcp:80`.\n 5. Create your firewall rule.\n\nTest your server again by going to the external IP address of the instance: \n\n http://[EXTERNAL_IP]\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\nLearn how to [host a website on Compute Engine](/solutions/web-serving-overview).\n\nLearn how to [set up LAMP on Compute Engine](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/community/blob/master/archived/setting-up-lamp/index.md).\n\nTry it for yourself\n-------------------\n\n\nIf you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how\nCompute Engine performs in real-world\nscenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and\ndeploy workloads.\n[Try Compute Engine free](https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial)"]]
