Soluciona problemas de discos completos y cambio de tamaño de disco
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Linux
En esta página, se describen los problemas habituales que puedes tener cuando cambias el tamaño de un disco persistente o cuando el disco persistente está lleno, y cómo solucionarlos.
Antes de comenzar
Crea una instantánea del disco antes de realizar cualquier paso de solución de problemas para asegurarte de que se cree una copia de seguridad de los datos.
Si aún no lo hiciste, configura la autenticación.
La autenticación verifica tu identidad para acceder a los Google Cloud servicios y las APIs. Para ejecutar código o muestras desde un entorno de desarrollo local, puedes autenticarte en Compute Engine seleccionando una de las siguientes opciones:
Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console
When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and
APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud
Instala Google Cloud CLI.
Después de la instalación,
inicializa Google Cloud CLI ejecutando el siguiente comando:
Para obtener más información, consulta
Autentícate para usar REST
en la documentación de autenticación de Google Cloud .
Error de frecuencia limitada cuando se modifica un disco
Los siguientes son errores comunes que puedes encontrar cuando intentas modificar tu Extreme Persistent Disk o Google Cloud Hyperdisk. Es posible que aparezcan estos errores en varios lugares, como en el resultado de la consola en serie o en los registros de la aplicación.
Disk cannot be resized due to being rate limited.
Cannot update provisioned iops due to being rate limited.
Cannot update provisioned throughput due to being rate limited.
Revisa los siguientes límites de tiempo para modificar discos:
Puedes cambiar el tamaño de un volumen de Extreme Persistent Disk o de Hyperdisk Throughput solo una vez en un período de 6 horas.
Puedes cambiar el tamaño de un volumen de Hyperdisk Extreme solo una vez en un período de 4 horas.
Puedes cambiar las IOPS aprovisionadas o la capacidad de procesamiento para un volumen de disco único solo una vez en un período de 4 horas.
Para resolver estos errores, espera el tiempo requerido desde la última modificación antes de volver a modificar los discos.
Errores de capacidad de disco
Discos completos
Los siguientes son errores comunes que puedes encontrar cuando el disco persistente alcanza su capacidad total. Es posible que aparezcan estos errores en varios lugares, como en el resultado de la consola en serie o en los registros de la aplicación.
No space left on device
Not enough storage is available to process this command
VM inaccesible debido a un disco de arranque completo
Es posible que no se pueda acceder a tu VM si su disco de arranque está lleno. Esta situación puede ser difícil de identificar; no siempre es evidente cuándo el problema de conectividad de la VM se debe a un disco de arranque completo. A continuación, se presentan ejemplos de errores comunes que puedes encontrar si no puedes acceder a tu VM desde Google Cloud CLI porque el disco de arranque está lleno:
Network error: Software caused connection abort
ERROR: (gcloud.compute.ssh) Could not SSH into the instance. It is possible
that your SSH key has not propagated to the instance yet. Try running this
command again. If you still cannot connect, verify that the firewall and
instance are set to accept ssh traffic.
You cannot connect to the VM instance because of an unexpected error. Wait a
few moments and then try again.
No space left on device
ERROR Exception calling the response handler. [Errno 2] No usable temporary
directory found in ['/tmp', '/var/tmp', '/usr/tmp', '/']...
Para resolver los problemas anteriores, haz lo siguiente:
Confirma que la falla de SSH de la VM se debe a un disco de arranque completo:
Después de cambiar el tamaño de un disco de arranque de VM, la mayoría de las VM cambian el tamaño del sistema de archivos raíz y reinician la VM. Sin embargo, para algunos tipos de imágenes de VM, es posible que debas cambiar el tamaño del sistema de archivos de forma manual. Si tu VM no admite el cambio de tamaño automático del sistema de archivos raíz o si cambiaste el tamaño de un disco persistente de datos (que no es de arranque), debes cambiar el tamaño del sistema de archivos y las particiones de forma manual.
Para verificar si el sistema de archivos raíz se expandió automáticamente después de cambiar el tamaño del disco de arranque de la VM, sigue estos pasos:
Verifica si tu VM cambió el tamaño del disco de arranque mediante uno de los siguientes métodos:
Por ejemplo, en las VM con imágenes de Debian, si el cambio de tamaño automático se realizó de forma correcta, los registros de la consola incluyen la línea ... expand-root.sh[..]: Resizing ext4 filesystem on /dev/sda1.
Si puedes conectarte a una VM de Linux mediante SSH, ejecuta el comando df -h para verificar si hay espacio libre en el disco.
Por ejemplo, este resultado muestra que el sistema de archivos raíz está lleno en un 92%:
[[["Fácil de comprender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Resolvió mi problema","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Otro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Información o código de muestra incorrectos","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Faltan la información o los ejemplos que necesito","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema de traducción","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Otro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última actualización: 2025-09-04 (UTC)"],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis document outlines common issues encountered when resizing or managing full persistent disks in Linux environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eIt provides solutions for rate-limited errors when modifying Extreme Persistent Disks or Hyperdisks, including waiting for specific timeframes.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe content details how to address disk capacity errors, including full disks and inaccessible VMs due to a full boot disk, by creating snapshots, deleting unnecessary files, or resizing the disk.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eIt explains how to determine if a root file system was automatically resized after increasing a VM boot disk's size, and provides instructions for manually resizing the file system if needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Troubleshoot full disks and disk resizing\n\nLinux\n\n*** ** * ** ***\n\nThis page describes common issues that you might run into when resizing a\npersistent disk or when your persistent disk is full, and how to fix each of\nthem.\n\nBefore you begin\n----------------\n\n- Always [create a snapshot of\n your disk](/compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots) before performing any troubleshooting steps to ensure that your data is backed up.\n- If you haven't already, set up [authentication](/compute/docs/authentication). Authentication verifies your identity for access to Google Cloud services and APIs. To run code or samples from a local development environment, you can authenticate to Compute Engine by selecting one of the following options:\n\n Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page: \n\n ### Console\n\n\n When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and\n APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.\n\n ### gcloud\n\n 1.\n [Install](/sdk/docs/install) the Google Cloud CLI.\n\n After installation,\n [initialize](/sdk/docs/initializing) the Google Cloud CLI by running the following command:\n\n ```bash\n gcloud init\n ```\n\n\n If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first\n [sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity](/iam/docs/workforce-log-in-gcloud).\n | **Note:** If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running `gcloud components update`.\n 2. [Set a default region and zone](/compute/docs/gcloud-compute#set_default_zone_and_region_in_your_local_client).\n\n ### REST\n\n\n To use the REST API samples on this page in a local development environment, you use the\n credentials you provide to the gcloud CLI.\n 1. [Install](/sdk/docs/install) the Google Cloud CLI. After installation, [initialize](/sdk/docs/initializing) the Google Cloud CLI by running the following command: \n\n ```bash\n gcloud init\n ```\n 2. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first [sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity](/iam/docs/workforce-log-in-gcloud).\n\n\n For more information, see\n [Authenticate for using REST](/docs/authentication/rest)\n in the Google Cloud authentication documentation.\n\nRate limited error when modifying a disk\n----------------------------------------\n\nThe following are common errors you might encounter when you attempt to\nmodify your Extreme Persistent Disk or Google Cloud Hyperdisk. You might see these\nerrors appear in a number of places, such as in your serial console output or\nin application logs.\n\n```\nDisk cannot be resized due to being rate limited.\n``` \n\n```\nCannot update provisioned iops due to being rate limited.\n``` \n\n```\nCannot update provisioned throughput due to being rate limited.\n```\n\nReview the following time limits for modifying disks:\n\n- You can resize an Extreme Persistent Disk or Hyperdisk Throughput volume only once in a 6 hour period.\n- You can resize a Hyperdisk Extreme volume only once in a 4 hour period.\n- You can change the provisioned IOPS or throughput for a Hyperdisk volume only once in a 4 hour period.\n\nTo resolve these errors, wait the required amount of time since your last\nmodification before attempting to modify the disks again.\n\nDisk capacity errors\n--------------------\n\n### Full disks\n\nThe following are common errors you might encounter when your persistent disk\nreaches full capacity. You might see these errors appear in a number of places,\nsuch as in your serial console output or in application logs.\n\n```\nNo space left on device\n``` \n\n```\nNot enough storage is available to process this command\n```\n\nTo resolve this issue, do the following:\n\n1. [Create a snapshot](/compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots#creating_snapshots)\n of the disk.\n\n2. Delete files that you don't need on the disk to free up space.\n\n3. If your disk requires more space after this, [resize the disk](/compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk).\n\n### Inaccessible VM due to full boot disk\n\nYour VM might become inaccessible if its boot disk is full. This scenario can be\ndifficult to identify; it's not always obvious when the VM connectivity issue\nis due to a full boot disk. The following are examples of common errors you\nmight encounter if you cannot access your VM from the Google Cloud CLI because\nthe boot disk is full:\n\n```\n Network error: Software caused connection abort\n \n``` \n\n```\n ERROR: (gcloud.compute.ssh) Could not SSH into the instance. It is possible\n that your SSH key has not propagated to the instance yet. Try running this\n command again. If you still cannot connect, verify that the firewall and\n instance are set to accept ssh traffic.\n \n``` \n\n```\n You cannot connect to the VM instance because of an unexpected error. Wait a\n few moments and then try again.\n \n``` \n\n```\n No space left on device\n \n``` \n\n```\n ERROR Exception calling the response handler. [Errno 2] No usable temporary\n directory found in ['/tmp', '/var/tmp', '/usr/tmp', '/']...\n \n```\n\nTo resolve the above issues, do the following:\n\n1. Confirm that the VM's SSH failure is due to a full boot disk:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute instances tail-serial-port-output VM_NAME\n ```\n\n If the boot disk is full, the resulting output will contain the message `No\n space left on device`.\n2. If you have not already done so, [create a snapshot](/compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots#creating_snapshots)\n of the VM's boot disk.\n\n3. Try to [restart the VM](/compute/docs/instances/stop-start-instance#stopping_a_vm).\n\n4. If you still can't access the VM, do the following:\n\n 1. Stop the VM:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute instances stop VM_NAME\n ```\n\n Replace \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVM_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of your VM.\n 2. Increase the size of the boot disk:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute disks resize BOOT_DISK_NAME --size DISK_SIZE\n ```\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eBOOT_DISK_NAME\u003c/var\u003e: the name of your VM's boot disk\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDISK_SIZE\u003c/var\u003e: the new larger size, in gigabytes, for the boot disk\n\n For example, to resize a disk named `example-disk-1` to 6GB, run\n the following command: \n\n ```\n gcloud compute disks resize example-disk-1 --size=6GB\n ```\n 3. Start the VM:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute instances start VM_NAME\n ```\n5. Reattempt to [SSH to the VM](/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-instance).\n If you still can't access the VM, do one of the following:\n\n - Create a new disk from a snapshot. For more information, see\n [Recovering an inaccessible VM or a full boot disk](/compute/docs/disks/recover-vm#inaccessible_instance).\n\n - Boot the VM temporarily in rescue mode, using open source\n [GCE Rescue tool](https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/gce-rescue)\n and perform the steps available in [File system issues](#filesystem).\n\nFile system issues\n------------------\n\n### File system resize\n\nAfter you resize a VM boot disk, most VMs resize the root file system and\nrestart the VM. However, for some VM images types, you might have to resize the\nfile system manually. If your VM does not support automatic root file\nsystem resizing, or if you've resized a data (non-boot) persistent disk, you\nmust manually [resize the file system and partitions](/compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk).\n\nTo check if your root file system expanded automatically after you resized your\nVM boot disk, do the following:\n\n1. Check if your VM resized the boot disk using one of the following methods:\n\n - [Inspect your serial port output](/compute/docs/instances/viewing-serial-port-output).\n Look for a line that indicates the root partition was resized.\n\n For example, on VMs with Debian images, if the automatic resize was\n successful then the console logs include the line\n `... expand-root.sh[..]: Resizing ext4 filesystem on /dev/sda1`.\n - If you can connect to a Linux VM using SSH, run the command `df -h` to\n check if there is free disk space.\n\n For example, this output shows that the root file system is 92%\n full: \n\n ```\n Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n udev 63G 0 63G 0% /dev\n tmpfs 13G 1.4M 13G 1% /run\n /dev/sda1 339G 315G 24G 92% /\n ```\n2. If your VM didn't resize the root file system, manually [resize the file\n system and partitions](/compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk)."]]