Memecahkan masalah kapasitas disk yang penuh dan pengubahan ukuran disk
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Simpan dan kategorikan konten berdasarkan preferensi Anda.
Linux
Halaman ini menjelaskan masalah umum yang mungkin Anda alami saat mengubah ukuran persistent disk atau saat persistent disk penuh, serta cara memperbaikinya.
Sebelum memulai
Selalu buat snapshot
disk Anda sebelum melakukan langkah pemecahan masalah untuk memastikan
data Anda sudah dicadangkan.
Siapkan autentikasi, jika Anda belum melakukannya.
Autentikasi memverifikasi identitas Anda untuk mengakses Google Cloud layanan dan API. Untuk menjalankan
kode atau sampel dari lingkungan pengembangan lokal, Anda dapat melakukan autentikasi ke
Compute Engine dengan memilih salah satu opsi berikut:
Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console
When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and
APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud
Menginstal Google Cloud CLI.
Setelah penginstalan,
lakukan inisialisasi Google Cloud CLI dengan menjalankan perintah berikut:
Berikut adalah error umum yang mungkin Anda alami saat mencoba
mengubah Extreme Persistent Disk atau Google Cloud Hyperdisk. Anda mungkin melihat error ini
muncul di sejumlah tempat, seperti di output konsol serial atau
di log aplikasi.
Disk cannot be resized due to being rate limited.
Cannot update provisioned iops due to being rate limited.
Cannot update provisioned throughput due to being rate limited.
Tinjau batas waktu berikut untuk memodifikasi disk:
Anda dapat mengubah ukuran volume Extreme Persistent Disk atau Hyperdisk Throughput hanya sekali dalam jangka waktu 6 jam.
Anda dapat mengubah ukuran volume Hyperdisk Extreme hanya sekali dalam jangka waktu 4 jam.
Anda dapat mengubah IOPS atau throughput yang disediakan untuk
volume Hyperdisk hanya sekali dalam jangka waktu 4 jam.
Untuk mengatasi error ini, tunggu selama waktu yang diperlukan sejak modifikasi terakhir Anda sebelum kembali mencoba memodifikasi disk.
Error kapasitas disk
Disk penuh
Berikut adalah error umum yang mungkin Anda alami saat kapasitas persistent disk sudah penuh. Anda mungkin melihat error ini muncul di sejumlah tempat,
seperti dalam output konsol serial atau di log aplikasi.
No space left on device
Not enough storage is available to process this command
Untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini, lakukan tindakan berikut:
Hapus file yang tidak diperlukan di disk untuk mengosongkan ruang penyimpanan.
Jika setelah ini disk Anda memerlukan lebih banyak ruang, ubah ukuran disk.
VM tidak dapat diakses karena boot disk penuh
VM Anda mungkin tidak dapat diakses jika boot disk-nya penuh. Skenario ini mungkin sulit untuk diidentifikasi karena indikasinya tidak selalu jelas apakah masalah konektivitas VM disebabkan oleh kapasitas boot disk yang penuh atau tidak. Berikut adalah contoh error umum yang mungkin Anda alami jika Anda tidak dapat mengakses VM dari Google Cloud CLI karena boot disk penuh:
Network error: Software caused connection abort
ERROR: (gcloud.compute.ssh) Could not SSH into the instance. It is possible
that your SSH key has not propagated to the instance yet. Try running this
command again. If you still cannot connect, verify that the firewall and
instance are set to accept ssh traffic.
You cannot connect to the VM instance because of an unexpected error. Wait a
few moments and then try again.
No space left on device
ERROR Exception calling the response handler. [Errno 2] No usable temporary
directory found in ['/tmp', '/var/tmp', '/usr/tmp', '/']...
Untuk mengatasi masalah di atas, lakukan langkah berikut:
Pastikan bahwa kegagalan SSH VM disebabkan oleh boot disk penuh:
Booting VM untuk sementara dalam mode penyelamatan, menggunakan
alat GCE Rescue open source,
dan lakukan langkah-langkah yang tersedia dalam Masalah sistem file.
Masalah sistem file
Pengubahan ukuran sistem file
Setelah Anda mengubah ukuran boot disk VM, sebagian besar VM akan mengubah ukuran sistem file root dan memulai ulang VM. Namun, untuk beberapa jenis image VM, Anda mungkin harus mengubah ukuran sistem file secara manual. Jika VM Anda tidak mendukung pengubahan ukuran sistem file root otomatis, atau jika Anda telah mengubah ukuran persistent disk data (non-boot), Anda harus mengubah ukuran sistem file dan partisi secara manual.
Untuk memeriksa apakah sistem file root Anda diperluas secara otomatis setelah Anda mengubah ukuran
boot disk VM, lakukan hal berikut:
Pastikan bahwa VM Anda mengubah ukuran boot disk menggunakan salah satu metode berikut:
Misalnya, pada VM dengan image Debian, jika perubahan ukuran otomatis berhasil, log konsol akan menyertakan baris ... expand-root.sh[..]: Resizing ext4 filesystem on /dev/sda1.
Jika Anda dapat terhubung ke VM Linux menggunakan SSH, jalankan perintah df -h untuk memeriksa apakah ada kapasitas disk yang kosong.
Misalnya, output ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem file root sudah 92%
penuh:
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Sulit dipahami","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informasi atau kode contoh salah","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Informasi/contoh yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-09-04 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis document outlines common issues encountered when resizing or managing full persistent disks in Linux environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eIt provides solutions for rate-limited errors when modifying Extreme Persistent Disks or Hyperdisks, including waiting for specific timeframes.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe content details how to address disk capacity errors, including full disks and inaccessible VMs due to a full boot disk, by creating snapshots, deleting unnecessary files, or resizing the disk.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eIt explains how to determine if a root file system was automatically resized after increasing a VM boot disk's size, and provides instructions for manually resizing the file system if needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Troubleshoot full disks and disk resizing\n\nLinux\n\n*** ** * ** ***\n\nThis page describes common issues that you might run into when resizing a\npersistent disk or when your persistent disk is full, and how to fix each of\nthem.\n\nBefore you begin\n----------------\n\n- Always [create a snapshot of\n your disk](/compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots) before performing any troubleshooting steps to ensure that your data is backed up.\n- If you haven't already, set up [authentication](/compute/docs/authentication). Authentication verifies your identity for access to Google Cloud services and APIs. To run code or samples from a local development environment, you can authenticate to Compute Engine by selecting one of the following options:\n\n Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page: \n\n ### Console\n\n\n When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and\n APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.\n\n ### gcloud\n\n 1.\n [Install](/sdk/docs/install) the Google Cloud CLI.\n\n After installation,\n [initialize](/sdk/docs/initializing) the Google Cloud CLI by running the following command:\n\n ```bash\n gcloud init\n ```\n\n\n If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first\n [sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity](/iam/docs/workforce-log-in-gcloud).\n | **Note:** If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running `gcloud components update`.\n 2. [Set a default region and zone](/compute/docs/gcloud-compute#set_default_zone_and_region_in_your_local_client).\n\n ### REST\n\n\n To use the REST API samples on this page in a local development environment, you use the\n credentials you provide to the gcloud CLI.\n 1. [Install](/sdk/docs/install) the Google Cloud CLI. After installation, [initialize](/sdk/docs/initializing) the Google Cloud CLI by running the following command: \n\n ```bash\n gcloud init\n ```\n 2. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first [sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity](/iam/docs/workforce-log-in-gcloud).\n\n\n For more information, see\n [Authenticate for using REST](/docs/authentication/rest)\n in the Google Cloud authentication documentation.\n\nRate limited error when modifying a disk\n----------------------------------------\n\nThe following are common errors you might encounter when you attempt to\nmodify your Extreme Persistent Disk or Google Cloud Hyperdisk. You might see these\nerrors appear in a number of places, such as in your serial console output or\nin application logs.\n\n```\nDisk cannot be resized due to being rate limited.\n``` \n\n```\nCannot update provisioned iops due to being rate limited.\n``` \n\n```\nCannot update provisioned throughput due to being rate limited.\n```\n\nReview the following time limits for modifying disks:\n\n- You can resize an Extreme Persistent Disk or Hyperdisk Throughput volume only once in a 6 hour period.\n- You can resize a Hyperdisk Extreme volume only once in a 4 hour period.\n- You can change the provisioned IOPS or throughput for a Hyperdisk volume only once in a 4 hour period.\n\nTo resolve these errors, wait the required amount of time since your last\nmodification before attempting to modify the disks again.\n\nDisk capacity errors\n--------------------\n\n### Full disks\n\nThe following are common errors you might encounter when your persistent disk\nreaches full capacity. You might see these errors appear in a number of places,\nsuch as in your serial console output or in application logs.\n\n```\nNo space left on device\n``` \n\n```\nNot enough storage is available to process this command\n```\n\nTo resolve this issue, do the following:\n\n1. [Create a snapshot](/compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots#creating_snapshots)\n of the disk.\n\n2. Delete files that you don't need on the disk to free up space.\n\n3. If your disk requires more space after this, [resize the disk](/compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk).\n\n### Inaccessible VM due to full boot disk\n\nYour VM might become inaccessible if its boot disk is full. This scenario can be\ndifficult to identify; it's not always obvious when the VM connectivity issue\nis due to a full boot disk. The following are examples of common errors you\nmight encounter if you cannot access your VM from the Google Cloud CLI because\nthe boot disk is full:\n\n```\n Network error: Software caused connection abort\n \n``` \n\n```\n ERROR: (gcloud.compute.ssh) Could not SSH into the instance. It is possible\n that your SSH key has not propagated to the instance yet. Try running this\n command again. If you still cannot connect, verify that the firewall and\n instance are set to accept ssh traffic.\n \n``` \n\n```\n You cannot connect to the VM instance because of an unexpected error. Wait a\n few moments and then try again.\n \n``` \n\n```\n No space left on device\n \n``` \n\n```\n ERROR Exception calling the response handler. [Errno 2] No usable temporary\n directory found in ['/tmp', '/var/tmp', '/usr/tmp', '/']...\n \n```\n\nTo resolve the above issues, do the following:\n\n1. Confirm that the VM's SSH failure is due to a full boot disk:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute instances tail-serial-port-output VM_NAME\n ```\n\n If the boot disk is full, the resulting output will contain the message `No\n space left on device`.\n2. If you have not already done so, [create a snapshot](/compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots#creating_snapshots)\n of the VM's boot disk.\n\n3. Try to [restart the VM](/compute/docs/instances/stop-start-instance#stopping_a_vm).\n\n4. If you still can't access the VM, do the following:\n\n 1. Stop the VM:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute instances stop VM_NAME\n ```\n\n Replace \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVM_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of your VM.\n 2. Increase the size of the boot disk:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute disks resize BOOT_DISK_NAME --size DISK_SIZE\n ```\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eBOOT_DISK_NAME\u003c/var\u003e: the name of your VM's boot disk\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDISK_SIZE\u003c/var\u003e: the new larger size, in gigabytes, for the boot disk\n\n For example, to resize a disk named `example-disk-1` to 6GB, run\n the following command: \n\n ```\n gcloud compute disks resize example-disk-1 --size=6GB\n ```\n 3. Start the VM:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute instances start VM_NAME\n ```\n5. Reattempt to [SSH to the VM](/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-instance).\n If you still can't access the VM, do one of the following:\n\n - Create a new disk from a snapshot. For more information, see\n [Recovering an inaccessible VM or a full boot disk](/compute/docs/disks/recover-vm#inaccessible_instance).\n\n - Boot the VM temporarily in rescue mode, using open source\n [GCE Rescue tool](https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/gce-rescue)\n and perform the steps available in [File system issues](#filesystem).\n\nFile system issues\n------------------\n\n### File system resize\n\nAfter you resize a VM boot disk, most VMs resize the root file system and\nrestart the VM. However, for some VM images types, you might have to resize the\nfile system manually. If your VM does not support automatic root file\nsystem resizing, or if you've resized a data (non-boot) persistent disk, you\nmust manually [resize the file system and partitions](/compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk).\n\nTo check if your root file system expanded automatically after you resized your\nVM boot disk, do the following:\n\n1. Check if your VM resized the boot disk using one of the following methods:\n\n - [Inspect your serial port output](/compute/docs/instances/viewing-serial-port-output).\n Look for a line that indicates the root partition was resized.\n\n For example, on VMs with Debian images, if the automatic resize was\n successful then the console logs include the line\n `... expand-root.sh[..]: Resizing ext4 filesystem on /dev/sda1`.\n - If you can connect to a Linux VM using SSH, run the command `df -h` to\n check if there is free disk space.\n\n For example, this output shows that the root file system is 92%\n full: \n\n ```\n Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n udev 63G 0 63G 0% /dev\n tmpfs 13G 1.4M 13G 1% /run\n /dev/sda1 339G 315G 24G 92% /\n ```\n2. If your VM didn't resize the root file system, manually [resize the file\n system and partitions](/compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk)."]]