Como automatizar a geração de senhas do Windows

Windows

O comando gcloud compute reset-windows-password permite que um usuário com acesso de gravação ao projeto do Compute Engine recupere senhas de maneira segura para contas em instâncias do Windows.

Ele faz isso enviando à instância um nome de usuário e uma chave pública RSA. O agente em execução na instância realiza um dos procedimentos a seguir:

Cria uma conta na instância desse nome de usuário e gera uma senha aleatória.
Redefine a senha para um valor aleatório se a conta já existir.

A senha é criptografada pelo agente em execução na instância com a chave pública fornecida, e enviada de volta ao cliente para ser descriptografada com a chave privada correspondente.

Nesta seção, você vê uma descrição desse processo e alguns scripts de exemplo em que essas etapas são reproduzidas por meio de programação. Se você quiser seguir essas etapas manualmente, leia a seção Instruções manuais.

Antes de começar

Crie uma instância do Windows.
Configure a autenticação, caso ainda não tenha feito isso. A autenticação é o processo de verificação da sua identidade para acesso a serviços e APIs do Google Cloud. Para executar códigos ou amostras de um ambiente de desenvolvimento local, autentique-se no Compute Engine da seguinte maneira.

Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console

When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:
  gcloud init
  Note: If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running gcloud components update.
2. Set a default region and zone.

Automatizar a geração de senhas

Go

//  Copyright 2018 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
//
//  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
//  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
//  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//  limitations under the License.

package main

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/rsa"
	"crypto/sha1"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/binary"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"strings"
	"time"

	daisyCompute "github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/compute-image-tools/daisy/compute"
	"google.golang.org/api/compute/v1"
)

var (
	instance = flag.String("instance", "", "instance to reset password on")
	zone     = flag.String("zone", "", "zone instance is in")
	project  = flag.String("project", "", "project instance is in")
	user     = flag.String("user", "", "user to reset password for")
)

func getInstanceMetadata(client daisyCompute.Client, i, z, p string) (*compute.Metadata, error) {
	ins, err := client.GetInstance(p, z, i)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error getting instance: %v", err)
	}

	return ins.Metadata, nil
}

type windowsKeyJSON struct {
	ExpireOn string
	Exponent string
	Modulus  string
	UserName string
}

func generateKey(priv *rsa.PublicKey, u string) (*windowsKeyJSON, error) {
	bs := make([]byte, 4)
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(bs, uint32(priv.E))

	return &windowsKeyJSON{
		ExpireOn: time.Now().Add(5 * time.Minute).Format(time.RFC3339),
		// This is different than what the other tools produce,
		// AQAB vs AQABAA==, both are decoded as 65537.
		Exponent: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(bs),
		Modulus:  base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(priv.N.Bytes()),
		UserName: u,
	}, nil
}

type credsJSON struct {
	ErrorMessage      string `json:"errorMessage,omitempty"`
	EncryptedPassword string `json:"encryptedPassword,omitempty"`
	Modulus           string `json:"modulus,omitempty"`
}

func getEncryptedPassword(client daisyCompute.Client, i, z, p, mod string) (string, error) {
	out, err := client.GetSerialPortOutput(p, z, i, 4, 0)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	for _, line := range strings.Split(out.Contents, "\n") {
		var creds credsJSON
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &creds); err != nil {
			continue
		}
		if creds.Modulus == mod {
			if creds.ErrorMessage != "" {
				return "", fmt.Errorf("error from agent: %s", creds.ErrorMessage)
			}
			return creds.EncryptedPassword, nil
		}
	}
	return "", errors.New("password not found in serial output")
}

func decryptPassword(priv *rsa.PrivateKey, ep string) (string, error) {
	bp, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(ep)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("error decoding password: %v", err)
	}
	pwd, err := rsa.DecryptOAEP(sha1.New(), rand.Reader, priv, bp, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("error decrypting password: %v", err)
	}
	return string(pwd), nil
}

func resetPassword(client daisyCompute.Client, i, z, p, u string) (string, error) {
	md, err := getInstanceMetadata(client, *instance, *zone, *project)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("error getting instance metadata: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Println("Generating public/private key pair")
	key, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	winKey, err := generateKey(&key.PublicKey, u)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	data, err := json.Marshal(winKey)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	winKeys := string(data)
	var found bool
	for _, mdi := range md.Items {
		if mdi.Key == "windows-keys" {
			val := fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s", *mdi.Value, winKeys)
			mdi.Value = &val
			found = true
			break
		}
	}
	if !found {
		md.Items = append(md.Items, &compute.MetadataItems{Key: "windows-keys", Value: &winKeys})
	}

	fmt.Println("Setting new 'windows-keys' metadata")
	if err := client.SetInstanceMetadata(p, z, i, md); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	fmt.Println("Fetching encrypted password")
	var trys int
	var ep string
	for {
		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
		ep, err = getEncryptedPassword(client, i, z, p, winKey.Modulus)
		if err == nil {
			break
		}
		if trys > 10 {
			return "", err
		}
		trys++
	}

	fmt.Println("Decrypting password")
	return decryptPassword(key, ep)
}

func main() {
	flag.Parse()
	if *instance == "" {
		log.Fatal("-instance flag required")
	}
	if *zone == "" {
		log.Fatal("-zone flag required")
	}
	if *project == "" {
		log.Fatal("-project flag required")
	}
	if *user == "" {
		log.Fatal("-user flag required")
	}

	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := daisyCompute.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Error creating compute service: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("Resetting password on instance %q for user %q\n", *instance, *user)
	pw, err := resetPassword(client, *instance, *zone, *project, *user)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("- Username: %s\n- Password: %s\n", *user, pw)
}

Python

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import base64
import copy
import datetime
import json
import time

# PyCrypto library: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pycrypto
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_OAEP
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Util.number import long_to_bytes

# Google API Client Library for Python:
# https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/start/get_started
from oauth2client.client import GoogleCredentials
from googleapiclient.discovery import build


def GetCompute():
    """Get a compute object for communicating with the Compute Engine API."""
    credentials = GoogleCredentials.get_application_default()
    compute = build('compute', 'v1', credentials=credentials)
    return compute


def GetInstance(compute, instance, zone, project):
    """Get the data for a Google Compute Engine instance."""
    cmd = compute.instances().get(instance=instance, project=project,
                                  zone=zone)
    return cmd.execute()


def GetKey():
    """Get an RSA key for encryption."""
    # This uses the PyCrypto library
    key = RSA.generate(2048)
    return key


def GetModulusExponentInBase64(key):
    """Return the public modulus and exponent for the key in bas64 encoding."""
    mod = long_to_bytes(key.n)
    exp = long_to_bytes(key.e)

    modulus = base64.b64encode(mod)
    exponent = base64.b64encode(exp)

    return modulus, exponent


def GetExpirationTimeString():
    """Return an RFC3339 UTC timestamp for 5 minutes from now."""
    utc_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
    # These metadata entries are one-time-use, so the expiration time does
    # not need to be very far in the future. In fact, one minute would
    # generally be sufficient. Five minutes allows for minor variations
    # between the time on the client and the time on the server.
    expire_time = utc_now + datetime.timedelta(minutes=5)
    return expire_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')


def GetJsonString(user, modulus, exponent, email):
    """Return the JSON string object that represents the windows-keys entry."""
    expire = GetExpirationTimeString()
    data = {'userName': user,
            'modulus': modulus,
            'exponent': exponent,
            'email': email,
            'expireOn': expire}
    return json.dumps(data)


def UpdateWindowsKeys(old_metadata, metadata_entry):
    """Return updated metadata contents with the new windows-keys entry."""
    # Simply overwrites the "windows-keys" metadata entry. Production code may
    # want to append new lines to the metadata value and remove any expired
    # entries.
    new_metadata = copy.deepcopy(old_metadata)
    new_metadata['items'] = [{
        'key': "windows-keys",
        'value': metadata_entry
    }]
    return new_metadata


def UpdateInstanceMetadata(compute, instance, zone, project, new_metadata):
    """Update the instance metadata."""
    cmd = compute.instances().setMetadata(instance=instance, project=project,
                                          zone=zone, body=new_metadata)
    return cmd.execute()


def GetSerialPortFourOutput(compute, instance, zone, project):
    """Get the output from serial port 4 from the instance."""
    # Encrypted passwords are printed to COM4 on the windows server:
    port = 4
    cmd = compute.instances().getSerialPortOutput(instance=instance,
                                                  project=project,
                                                  zone=zone, port=port)
    output = cmd.execute()
    return output['contents']


def GetEncryptedPasswordFromSerialPort(serial_port_output, modulus):
    """Find and return the correct encrypted password, based on the modulus."""
    # In production code, this may need to be run multiple times if the output
    # does not yet contain the correct entry.
    output = serial_port_output.split('\n')
    for line in reversed(output):
        try:
            entry = json.loads(line)
            if modulus == entry['modulus']:
                return entry['encryptedPassword']
        except ValueError:
            pass


def DecryptPassword(encrypted_password, key):
    """Decrypt a base64 encoded encrypted password using the provided key."""
    decoded_password = base64.b64decode(encrypted_password)
    cipher = PKCS1_OAEP.new(key)
    password = cipher.decrypt(decoded_password)
    return password


def main(instance, zone, project, user, email):
    # Setup
    compute = GetCompute()
    key = GetKey()
    modulus, exponent = GetModulusExponentInBase64(key)

    # Get existing metadata
    instance_ref = GetInstance(compute, instance, zone, project)
    old_metadata = instance_ref['metadata']

    # Create and set new metadata
    metadata_entry = GetJsonString(user, modulus,
                                   exponent, email)
    new_metadata = UpdateWindowsKeys(old_metadata, metadata_entry)
    result = UpdateInstanceMetadata(compute, instance, zone, project,
                                    new_metadata)

    # For this sample code, just sleep for 30 seconds instead of checking for
    # responses. In production code, this should monitor the status of the
    # metadata update operation.
    time.sleep(30)

    # Get and decrypt password from serial port output
    serial_port_output = GetSerialPortFourOutput(compute, instance,
                                                 zone, project)
    enc_password = GetEncryptedPasswordFromSerialPort(serial_port_output,
                                                      modulus)
    password = DecryptPassword(enc_password, key)

    # Display the username, password and IP address for the instance
    print 'Username:   {0}'.format(user)
    print 'Password:   {0}'.format(password)
    ip = instance_ref['networkInterfaces'][0]['accessConfigs'][0]['natIP']
    print 'IP Address: {0}'.format(ip)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    instance = 'my-instance'
    zone = 'us-central1-a'
    project = 'my-project'
    user = 'example-user'
    email = 'user@example.com'
    main(instance, zone, project, user, email)

Java

/**
 * Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/**
 * This package demonstrates how to reset Windows passwords in Java.
 */

package cloud.google.com.windows.example;


import com.google.api.client.auth.oauth2.Credential;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredential;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.javanet.GoogleNetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.repackaged.org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import com.google.api.services.compute.Compute;
import com.google.api.services.compute.model.Instance;
import com.google.api.services.compute.model.Metadata;
import com.google.api.services.compute.model.Metadata.Items;
import com.google.api.services.compute.model.SerialPortOutput;
import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding;

import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
import org.json.simple.parser.JSONParser;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.RSAPublicKeySpec;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.TimeZone;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

public class ExampleCode {

  public ExampleCode() {}

  // Constants used to configure behavior.
  private static final String ZONE_NAME = "us-central1-a";
  private static final String PROJECT_NAME = "example-project-1234";
  private static final String INSTANCE_NAME = "test-instance";
  private static final String APPLICATION_NAME = "windows-pw-reset";

  // Constants for configuring user name, email, and SSH key expiration.
  private static final String USER_NAME = "example_user";
  private static final String EMAIL = "example_user@test.com";

  // Keys are one-time use, so the metadata doesn't need to stay around for long.
  // 5 minutes chosen to allow for differences between time on the client
  // and time on the server.
  private static final long EXPIRE_TIME = 300000;

  // HttpTransport and JsonFactory used to create the Compute object.
  private static HttpTransport httpTransport;
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance();



  public static void main(String[] args) {
    ExampleCode ec = new ExampleCode();
    try {
      // Initialize Transport object.
      httpTransport = GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport();

      // Reset the password.
      ec.resetPassword();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      System.exit(1);
    }
  }

  public void resetPassword() throws Exception {
    // Get credentials to setup a connection with the Compute API.
    Credential cred = GoogleCredential.getApplicationDefault();

    // Create an instance of the Compute API.
    Compute compute = new Compute.Builder(httpTransport, JSON_FACTORY, null)
        .setApplicationName(APPLICATION_NAME).setHttpRequestInitializer(cred).build();

    // Get the instance object to gain access to the instance's metadata.
    Instance inst = compute.instances().get(PROJECT_NAME, ZONE_NAME, INSTANCE_NAME).execute();
    Metadata metadata = inst.getMetadata();

    // Generate the public/private key pair for encryption and decryption.
    KeyPair keys = generateKeys();

    // Update metadata from instance with new windows-keys entry.
    replaceMetadata(metadata, buildKeyMetadata(keys));

    // Tell Compute Engine to update the instance metadata with our changes.
    compute.instances().setMetadata(PROJECT_NAME, ZONE_NAME, INSTANCE_NAME, metadata).execute();

    System.out.println("Updating metadata...");

    // Sleep while waiting for metadata to propagate - production code may
    // want to monitor the status of the metadata update operation.
    Thread.sleep(30000);

    System.out.println("Getting serial output...");

    // Request the output from serial port 4.
    // In production code, this operation should be polled.
    SerialPortOutput output = compute.instances()
        .getSerialPortOutput(PROJECT_NAME, ZONE_NAME, INSTANCE_NAME).setPort(4).execute();

    // Get the last line - this will be a JSON string corresponding to the
    // most recent password reset attempt.
    String[] entries = output.getContents().split("\n");
    String outputEntry = entries[entries.length - 1];

    // Parse output using the json-simple library.
    JSONParser parser = new JSONParser();
    JSONObject passwordDict = (JSONObject) parser.parse(outputEntry);

    String encryptedPassword = passwordDict.get("encryptedPassword").toString();

    // Output user name and decrypted password.
    System.out.println("\nUser name: " + passwordDict.get("userName").toString());
    System.out.println("Password: " + decryptPassword(encryptedPassword, keys));
  }

  private String decryptPassword(String message, KeyPair keys) {
    try {
      // Add the bouncycastle provider - the built-in providers don't support RSA
      // with OAEPPadding.
      Security.addProvider(new org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider());

      // Get the appropriate cipher instance.
      Cipher rsa = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/NONE/OAEPPadding", "BC");

      // Add the private key for decryption.
      rsa.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keys.getPrivate());

      // Decrypt the text.
      byte[] rawMessage = Base64.decodeBase64(message);
      byte[] decryptedText = rsa.doFinal(rawMessage);

      // The password was encoded using UTF8. Transform into string.
      return new String(decryptedText, "UTF8");
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      System.exit(1);
    }
    return "";
  }

  private void replaceMetadata(Metadata input, JSONObject newMetadataItem) {
    // Transform the JSON object into a string that the API can use.
    String newItemString = newMetadataItem.toJSONString();

    // Get the list containing all of the Metadata entries for this instance.
    List<Items> items = input.getItems();

    // If the instance has no metadata, items can be returned as null.
    if (items == null)
    {
      items = new LinkedList<Items>();
      input.setItems(items);
    }

    // Find the "windows-keys" entry and update it.
    for (Items item : items) {
      if (item.getKey().compareTo("windows-keys") == 0) {
        // Replace item's value with the new entry.
        // To prevent race conditions, production code may want to maintain a
        // list where the oldest entries are removed once the 32KB limit is
        // reached for the metadata entry.
        item.setValue(newItemString);
        return;
      }
    }

    // "windows.keys" entry doesn't exist in the metadata - append it.
    // This occurs when running password-reset for the first time on an instance.
    items.add(new Items().setKey("windows-keys").setValue(newItemString));
  }

  private KeyPair generateKeys() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");

    // Key moduli for encryption/decryption are 2048 bits long.
    keyGen.initialize(2048);

    return keyGen.genKeyPair();
  }


  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private JSONObject buildKeyMetadata(KeyPair pair) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
      InvalidKeySpecException {
    // Object used for storing the metadata values.
    JSONObject metadataValues = new JSONObject();

    // Encode the public key into the required JSON format.
    metadataValues.putAll(jsonEncode(pair));

    // Add username and email.
    metadataValues.put("userName", USER_NAME);
    metadataValues.put("email", EMAIL);

    // Create the date on which the new keys expire.
    Date now = new Date();
    Date expireDate = new Date(now.getTime() + EXPIRE_TIME);

    // Format the date to match rfc3339.
    SimpleDateFormat rfc3339Format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'");
    rfc3339Format.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
    String dateString = rfc3339Format.format(expireDate);

    // Encode the expiration date for the returned JSON dictionary.
    metadataValues.put("expireOn", dateString);

    return metadataValues;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private JSONObject jsonEncode(KeyPair keys) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
      InvalidKeySpecException {
    KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");

    // Get the RSA spec for key manipulation.
    RSAPublicKeySpec pubSpec = factory.getKeySpec(keys.getPublic(), RSAPublicKeySpec.class);

    // Extract required parts of the key.
    BigInteger modulus = pubSpec.getModulus();
    BigInteger exponent = pubSpec.getPublicExponent();

    // Grab an encoder for the modulus and exponent to encode using RFC 3548;
    // Java SE 7 requires an external library (Google's Guava used here)
    // Java SE 8 has a built-in Base64 class that can be used instead. Apache also has an RFC 3548
    // encoder.
    BaseEncoding stringEncoder = BaseEncoding.base64();

    // Strip out the leading 0 byte in the modulus.
    byte[] arr = Arrays.copyOfRange(modulus.toByteArray(), 1, modulus.toByteArray().length);

    JSONObject returnJson = new JSONObject();

    // Encode the modulus, add to returned JSON object.
    String modulusString = stringEncoder.encode(arr).replaceAll("\n", "");
    returnJson.put("modulus", modulusString);

    // Encode exponent, add to returned JSON object.
    String exponentString = stringEncoder.encode(exponent.toByteArray()).replaceAll("\n", "");
    returnJson.put("exponent", exponentString);

    return returnJson;
  }
}

Instruções manuais

Nas etapas deste guia manual, o OpenSSL é usado nas funções criptográficas e as ferramentas do shell Bash/Linux em algumas outras funções, mas diversas implementações são possíveis.

Gere um par de chaves RSA de 2048 bits. No OpenSSL, gere esse par de chaves executando:

$ openssl genrsa -out private_key 2048

Com esse comando, é criado um arquivo chamado private_key. O conteúdo dele se assemelha a este:

$ cat private_key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

Gere uma chave pública. Para criar a chave pública, execute:

$ openssl rsa -pubout -in private_key -out public_key

Com esse comando, um arquivo chamado public_key é criado, semelhante a este:

$ cat public_key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAwgsquN4IBNPqIUnu+h/5
Za1kujb2YRhX1vCQVQAkBwnWigcCqOBVfRa5JoZfx6KIvEXjWqa77jPvlsxM4WPq
nDIM2qiK36up3SKkYwFjff6F2ni/ry8vrwXCX3sGZ1hbIHlK0O012HpA3ISeEswV
ZmX2X67naOvJXfY5v0hGPWqCADao+xVxrmxsZD4IWnKl1UaZzI5lhAzr8fw6utHw
x1EZ/MSgsEki6tujcZfN+GUDRnmJGQSnPTXmsf7Q4DKreTZk49cuyB3prV91S0x3
DYjCUpSXrkVy1Ha5XicGD/q+ystuFsJnrrhbNXJbpSjM6sjo/aduAkZJl4FmOt0R
7QIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

Extraia o módulo e o expoente. As chaves pública e privada são formadas por um módulo e um expoente. Na chave pública, extraia o módulo e o expoente:

$ openssl rsa -in public_key -pubin -text -noout
Public-Key: (2048 bit)
Modulus:
    00:c2:0b:2a:b8:de:08:04:d3:ea:21:49:ee:fa:1f:
    f9:65:ad:64:ba:36:f6:61:18:57:d6:f0:90:55:00:
    24:07:09:d6:8a:07:02:a8:e0:55:7d:16:b9:26:86:
    5f:c7:a2:88:bc:45:e3:5a:a6:bb:ee:33:ef:96:cc:
    4c:e1:63:ea:9c:32:0c:da:a8:8a:df:ab:a9:dd:22:
    a4:63:01:63:7d:fe:85:da:78:bf:af:2f:2f:af:05:
    c2:5f:7b:06:67:58:5b:20:79:4a:d0:ed:35:d8:7a:
    40:dc:84:9e:12:cc:15:66:65:f6:5f:ae:e7:68:eb:
    c9:5d:f6:39:bf:48:46:3d:6a:82:00:36:a8:fb:15:
    71:ae:6c:6c:64:3e:08:5a:72:a5:d5:46:99:cc:8e:
    65:84:0c:eb:f1:fc:3a:ba:d1:f0:c7:51:19:fc:c4:
    a0:b0:49:22:ea:db:a3:71:97:cd:f8:65:03:46:79:
    89:19:04:a7:3d:35:e6:b1:fe:d0:e0:32:ab:79:36:
    64:e3:d7:2e:c8:1d:e9:ad:5f:75:4b:4c:77:0d:88:
    c2:52:94:97:ae:45:72:d4:76:b9:5e:27:06:0f:fa:
    be:ca:cb:6e:16:c2:67:ae:b8:5b:35:72:5b:a5:28:
    cc:ea:c8:e8:fd:a7:6e:02:46:49:97:81:66:3a:dd:
    11:ed
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)

Codifique o módulo e o expoente. É preciso extrair e codificar o módulo e o expoente em base64. Antes de codificar o módulo, remova o byte zero inicial. Por padrão, o arquivo public_key já é uma string de bytes codificada em base64 com as seguintes informações:
- 32 bytes de informações de cabeçalho
- 1 byte com o zero inicial do módulo
- 256 bytes do módulo
- 2 bytes do cabeçalho do expoente
- 3 bytes do expoente
É necessário extrair e codificar o módulo e o expoente separadamente do restante do conteúdo do arquivo. Extraia e codifique o módulo e o expoente usando os seguintes comandos:
```
$ cat public_key | grep -v -- ----- | base64 -d | dd bs=1 skip=33 count=256 2>/dev/null | base64 -w 0; echo
        wgsquN4IBNPqIUnu+h/5Za1kujb2YRhX1vCQVQAkBwnWigcCqOBVfRa5JoZfx6KIvEXjWqa77jPvlsx
M4WPqnDIM2qiK36up3SKkYwFjff6F2ni/ry8vrwXCX3sGZ1hbIHlK0O012HpA3ISeEswVZmX2X67naO
vJXfY5v0hGPWqCADao+xVxrmxsZD4IWnKl1UaZzI5lhAzr8fw6utHwx1EZ/MSgsEki6tujcZfN+GUDR
nmJGQSnPTXmsf7Q4DKreTZk49cuyB3prV91S0x3DYjCUpSXrkVy1Ha5XicGD/q+ystuFsJnrrhbNXJb
pSjM6sjo/aduAkZJl4FmOt0R7Q==
```
```
$ cat public_key | grep -v -- ----- | base64 -d | dd bs=1 skip=291 count=3 2>/dev/null | base64
AQAB
```
Caso você tenha problemas na codificação do módulo, verifique se removeu o byte zero inicial do módulo antes de iniciar o processo.
Crie um objeto JSON com nome de usuário e informações de chave pública. Inclua os seguintes dados:
- userName: nome de usuário que fará login na instância;
- modulus: módulo codificado em base64 da chave pública;
- exponent: expoente codificado em base64 da chave pública;
- email: endereço de e-mail do usuário que está solicitando a senha (use o endereço de e-mail da Conta do Google que está autenticado na API);
- expireOn: um carimbo de data/hora codificado em RFC 3399 de quando a chave deve expirar. Use o fuso horário UTC, aproximadamente cinco minutos adiantado. Como essas chaves são usadas apenas para gerar o nome de usuário e a senha, elas deixam de ser necessárias depois que a senha é criada. As chaves expiradas não são usadas no agente.
Por exemplo:
```
{\"userName\": \"example-user\",  \"modulus\": \"wgsquN4IBNPqIUnu+h/5Za1kujb2YRhX1
vCQVQAkBwnWigcCqOBVfRa5JoZfx6KIvEXjWqa77jPvlsxM4WPqnDIM2qiK36up3SKkYwFjff6F
2ni/ry8vrwXCX3sGZ1hbIHlK0O012HpA3ISeEswVZmX2X67naOvJXfY5v0hGPWqCADao+xVxrmx
sZD4IWnKl1UaZzI5lhAzr8fw6utHwx1EZ/MSgsEki6tujcZfN+GUDRnmJGQSnPTXmsf7Q4DKreT
Zk49cuyB3prV91S0x3DYjCUpSXrkVy1Ha5XicGD/q+ystuFsJnrrhbNXJbpSjM6sjo/aduAkZJl
4FmOt0R7Q==\", \"exponent\": \"AQAB\", \"email\": \"example.user@example.com\",
\"expireOn\": \"2015-04-14T01:37:19Z\"}
```
Note que não deve haver novas linhas na string JSON.

Adicione o objeto JSON aos metadados da instância. Defina os metadados da instância usando a chave de metadados windows-keys e o objeto JSON como valor da chave.

Para atualizar os metadados da instância na API, forneça uma impressão digital com a solicitação. Receba a impressão digital atual da instância enviando uma solicitação GET à instância:

GET  https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-f/instances/test-windows-auth
[..snip..]
"metadata": {
"kind": "compute#metadata",
"fingerprint": "5sFotm8Ee0I=",
"items": [
 {
 …
 }
[..snip]..

Em seguida, crie uma solicitação POST para o método setMetadata, fornecendo a impressão digital e o objeto JSON que você criou:

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-f/instances/test-windows-auth/setMetadata

{
 "fingerprint": "5sFotm8Ee0I=",
 "items": [
  {
   "value": "{\"userName\": \"example-user\",  \"modulus\": \"wgsquN4IBNPqIUnu+h/5Za1kujb2YRhX1vCQVQAkBwnWigcCqOBVfRa5JoZfx6KIvEXjWqa77jPvlsxM4WPqnDIM2qiK36up3SKkYwFjff6F2ni/ry8vrwXCX3sGZ1hbIHlK0O012HpA3ISeEswVZmX2X67naOvJXfY5v0hGPWqCADao+xVxrmxsZD4IWnKl1UaZzI5lhAzr8fw6utHwx1EZ/MSgsEki6tujcZfN+GUDRnmJGQSnPTXmsf7Q4DKreTZk49cuyB3prV91S0x3DYjCUpSXrkVy1Ha5XicGD/q+ystuFsJnrrhbNXJbpSjM6sjo/aduAkZJl4FmOt0R7Q==\", \"exponent\": \"AQAB\", \"email\": \"user@example.com\", \"expireOn': '2015\"04-14T01:37:19Z\"}\n",
   "key": "windows-keys"
  } ]
}

O nome da chave deve ser windows-keys e o valor deve ser definido como uma ou mais strings JSON, como a acima. Separe as strings usando novas linhas. Ao adicionar várias entradas, respeite o limite de 32 KB para valor de metadados.

Leia a saída da porta serial 4. O agente na instância assumirá automaticamente o valor windows-keys e criará uma senha criptografada. Leia essa senha consultando a porta serial 4. Na API, crie uma solicitação GET para o método getSerialPortOutput, passando port=4 como um parâmetro de consulta:

GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-f/instances/test-windows-auth/serialPort?port=4

{
 "kind": "compute#serialPortOutput",
 "selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/_/instances/test-api-auth/serialPort",
 "contents": "{\"ready\":true,\"version\":\"Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1\"}\n{\"encryptedPassword\":\"uiHDEhxyvj6lF5GalH
 h9TsMZb4bG6Y9qGmFb9S3XI29yvVsDCLdp4IbUg21MncHcaxP0rFu0kyjxlEXDs8y4L1KOhy6iyB42Lh+vZ4XIMjmvU4rZrjsBZ5TxQo9hL0lBW7o3FRM\\/UIXCeRk39ObUl2A
 jDmQ0mcw1byJI5v9KVJnNMaHdRCy\\/kvN6bx3qqjIhIMu0JExp4UVkAX2Mxb9b+c4o2DiZF5pY6ZfbuEmjSbvGRJXyswkOJ4jTZl+7e6+SZfEal8HJyRfZKiqTjrz+DLjYSlXr
 fIRqlvKeAFGOJq6IRojNWiTOOh8Zorc0iHDTIkf+MY0scfbBUo5m30Bf4w==\",\"exponent\":\"AQAB\",\"modulus\":\"0tiKdO2JmBHss26jnrSAwb583KG\\/ZIw5Jw
 wMPXrCVsFAPwY1OV3RlT1Hp4Xvpibr7rvJbOC+f\\/Gd0cBrK5pccQfccB+OHKpbBof473zEfRbdtFwPn10RfAFj\\/xikW0r\\/XxgG\\/c8tz9bmALBStGqmwOVOLRHxjwgtG
 u4poeuwmFfG6TuwgCadxpllW74mviFd4LZVSuCSni5YJnBM2HSJ8NP6g1fqI17KDXt2XO\\/7kSItubmMk+HGEXdH4qiugHYewaIf1o4XSQROC8xlRl7t\\/RaD4U58hKYkVwg0
 Ir7WzYzAVpG2UR4Co\\/GDG9Hct7HOYekDqVQ+sSZbwzajnVunkw==\",\"passwordFound\":true,\"userName\":\"example-user\"}\n"
}

A saída da porta serial pode ter várias respostas separadas por novas linhas. Para encontrar a resposta correta, verifique se o módulo que você passou corresponde à saída da porta serial. Cada resposta é uma string codificada em JSON com os seguintes campos:

userName: o nome de usuário que foi transmitido à instância;
passwordFound: um valor booleano que indica se a senha foi gerada com êxito;
encryptedPassword: uma senha criptografada codificada em base64;
modulus: o módulo que foi passado anteriormente;
exponent: o expoente que foi passado anteriormente.

Para mais informações sobre retenção de saída da porta serial, consulte Como visualizar a saída da porta serial.

Descriptografe a senha. Use a chave privada criada anteriormente para descriptografar a senha. Para isso, use o Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP). No OpenSSL, o comando para descriptografar dados de entrada é:

$ openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey private_key -oaep

Para descriptografar a senha acima, forneça o valor encryptedPassword. Lembre-se de antes remover os caracteres de escape \\ da string, senão a descriptografia falhará:

$ echo 'uiHDEhxyvj6lF5GalHh9TsMZb4bG6Y9qGmFb9S3XI291MncHcaxP0rFu0kyjxlEXDs8y4L1KOhy6iyB42Lh+vZ4XIMjmvU4rZrjsBZ5Tx
Qo9hL0lBW7o3FRM/UIXCeRk39ObUl2AjDmQ0mcw1byJI5v9KVJnNMaHdRCy/kvN6bx3qqjIhIMu0JExp4UVkAX2Mxb9b+c4o2DiZF5pY6ZfbuEmjS
bvGRJXyswkOJ4jTZl+7e6+SZfEal8HJyRfZKiqTjrz+DLjYSlXrfIRqlvKeAFGOJq6IRojNWiTOOh8Zorc0iHDTIkf+MY0scfbBUo5m30Bf4w==' |
base64 -d | openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey private_key -oaep

Este comando imprime a senha descriptografada:

dDkJ_3]*QYS-#>X

O nome de usuário e a senha dessa conta seriam:

username: example-user
password: dDkJ_3]*QYS-#>X

Elimine as chaves. Ao contrário das chaves SSH, as chaves usadas para recuperar/redefinir senhas do Windows são temporárias. Não reutilize pares de chaves públicas/privadas, porque o resultado pode não ser o esperado. Se a chave estiver salva no disco, exclua os arquivos no final do processo. Ou melhor, se possível, mantenha a chave na memória e descarte-a quando o processo for concluído.

Como automatizar a geração de senhas do Windows

Antes de começar

Console

gcloud

REST

Automatizar a geração de senhas

Go

Python

Java

Instruções manuais

A seguir