查看虚拟机的详细信息


本文档介绍如何查看现有虚拟机 (VM) 实例的详细信息。

查看虚拟机的详细信息有助于查看其配置和状态,例如挂接的磁盘、创建时间戳、机器类型和虚拟机 ID(可用于使用不可变值引用虚拟机)。

准备工作

  • 如果您尚未设置身份验证,请进行设置。身份验证是通过其进行身份验证以访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 的过程。如需从本地开发环境运行代码或示例,您可以选择以下任一选项向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证:

    Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

    Console

    When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.

    gcloud

    1. Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:

      gcloud init
    2. Set a default region and zone.
    3. REST

      如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 REST API 示例,请使用您提供给 gcloud CLI 的凭据。

        Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:

        gcloud init

      如需了解详情,请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的使用 REST 时进行身份验证

所需的角色

如需获得查看虚拟机详细信息所需的权限,请让管理员向您授予虚拟机或项目的 Compute Instance Admin (v1) (roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1) IAM 角色。如需详细了解如何授予角色,请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限

此预定义角色包含查看虚拟机详细信息所需的 compute.instances.get 权限。

您也可以使用自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取此权限。

查看虚拟机的详细信息

如需查看虚拟机的详细信息,请选择以下选项之一:

控制台

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,转到虚拟机实例页面。

    转到虚拟机实例

  2. 虚拟机实例页面上,您可以查看计算实例的以下信息:

    • 实例的名称。
    • 实例所在的可用区。
    • 实例使用的机器类型。
    • 预配模型,用于指明实例是作为 Spot 虚拟机创建的。
    • 实例的所有可用建议。
    • 虚拟机实例是否属于实例组
    • 实例使用的 IP 地址。

    上表包含虚拟机实例页面上显示的默认列。您可以点击 Column display options(列显示选项),更改为每个虚拟机显示哪些列。

  3. 名称列中,点击虚拟机名称以查看有关虚拟机实例的更多详细信息。

gcloud

如需查看虚拟机的详细信息,请使用 gcloud compute instances describe 命令

gcloud compute instances describe VM_NAME \
    --zone=ZONE

请替换以下内容:

  • VM_NAME:虚拟机名称。

  • ZONE:该虚拟机所在的可用区。

输出类似于以下内容:

canIpForward: false
confidentialInstanceConfig:
  enableConfidentialCompute: false
cpuPlatform: Intel Broadwell
creationTimestamp: '2023-08-18T10:00:21.801-07:00'
deletionProtection: false
description: ''
disks:
- architecture: X86_64
  autoDelete: true
  boot: true
  deviceName: example-vm
  diskSizeGb: '10'
  guestOsFeatures:
  - type: UEFI_COMPATIBLE
  - type: VIRTIO_SCSI_MULTIQUEUE
  - type: GVNIC
  - type: SEV_CAPABLE
  index: 0
  interface: SCSI
  kind: compute#attachedDisk
  licenses:
  - https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/licenses/debian-11-bullseye
  mode: READ_WRITE
  source: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/disks/example-vm
  type: PERSISTENT
displayDevice:
  enableDisplay: false
fingerprint: CQp-QBEACqw=
id: '6404261768674286922'
keyRevocationActionType: NONE
kind: compute#instance
labelFingerprint: 42WmSpB8rSM=
lastStartTimestamp: '2023-08-18T10:00:28.182-07:00'
machineType: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/e2-medium
metadata:
  fingerprint: lQ-dD2sMrMY=
  items:
  - key: enable-oslogin
    value: 'true'
  kind: compute#metadata
name: example-vm
networkInterfaces:
- accessConfigs:
  - kind: compute#accessConfig
    name: External NAT
    natIP: 34.27.53.198
    networkTier: PREMIUM
    type: ONE_TO_ONE_NAT
  fingerprint: QR3z6TgVFjg=
  kind: compute#networkInterface
  name: nic0
  network: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/global/networks/default
  networkIP: 10.128.0.28
  stackType: IPV4_ONLY
  subnetwork: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/regions/us-central1/subnetworks/default
reservationAffinity:
  consumeReservationType: ANY_RESERVATION
scheduling:
  automaticRestart: true
  onHostMaintenance: MIGRATE
  preemptible: false
  provisioningModel: STANDARD
selfLink: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances/example-vm
serviceAccounts:
- email: 790569220780-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com
  scopes:
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly
  - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append
shieldedInstanceConfig:
  enableIntegrityMonitoring: true
  enableSecureBoot: false
  enableVtpm: true
shieldedInstanceIntegrityPolicy:
  updateAutoLearnPolicy: true
startRestricted: false
status: RUNNING
tags:
  fingerprint: 42WmSpB8rSM=
zone: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a

REST

如需查看虚拟机的详细信息,请向 instances.get 方法发出 GET 请求。

GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/VM_NAME

替换以下内容:

  • PROJECT_ID:虚拟机所在项目的 ID。

  • ZONE:该虚拟机所在的可用区。

  • VM_NAME:虚拟机名称。

输出类似于以下内容:

{
  "canIpForward": false,
  "confidentialInstanceConfig": {
    "enableConfidentialCompute": false
  },
  "cpuPlatform": "Intel Broadwell",
  "creationTimestamp": "2023-08-18T10:00:21.801-07:00",
  "deletionProtection": false,
  "description": "",
  "disks": [
    {
      "architecture": "X86_64",
      "autoDelete": true,
      "boot": true,
      "deviceName": "example-vm",
      "diskSizeGb": "10",
      "guestOsFeatures": [
        {
          "type": "UEFI_COMPATIBLE"
        },
        {
          "type": "VIRTIO_SCSI_MULTIQUEUE"
        },
        {
          "type": "GVNIC"
        },
        {
          "type": "SEV_CAPABLE"
        }
      ],
      "index": 0,
      "interface": "SCSI",
      "kind": "compute#attachedDisk",
      "licenses": [
        "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/licenses/debian-11-bullseye"
      ],
      "mode": "READ_WRITE",
      "source": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/disks/example-vm",
      "type": "PERSISTENT"
    }
  ],
  "displayDevice": {
    "enableDisplay": false
  },
  "fingerprint": "CQp-QBEACqw=",
  "id": "6404261768674286922",
  "keyRevocationActionType": "NONE",
  "kind": "compute#instance",
  "labelFingerprint": "42WmSpB8rSM=",
  "lastStartTimestamp": "2023-08-18T10:00:28.182-07:00",
  "machineType": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/e2-medium",
  "metadata": {
    "fingerprint": "lQ-dD2sMrMY=",
    "items": [
      {
        "key": "enable-oslogin",
        "value": "true"
      }
    ],
    "kind": "compute#metadata"
  },
  "name": "example-vm",
  "networkInterfaces": [
    {
      "accessConfigs": [
        {
        "kind": "compute#accessConfig",
        "name": "External NAT",
        "natIP": "34.27.53.198",
        "networkTier": "PREMIUM",
        "type": "ONE_TO_ONE_NAT"
        }
      ],
      "fingerprint": "QR3z6TgVFjg=",
      "kind": "compute#networkInterface",
      "name": "nic0",
      "network": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/global/networks/default",
      "networkIP": "10.128.0.28",
      "stackType": "IPV4_ONLY",
      "subnetwork": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/regions/us-central1/subnetworks/default"
    }
  ],
  "reservationAffinity": {
    "consumeReservationType": "ANY_RESERVATION"
  },
  "scheduling": {
    "automaticRestart": true,
    "onHostMaintenance": "MIGRATE",
    "preemptible": false,
    "provisioningModel": "STANDARD"
  },
  "selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances/example-vm",
  "serviceAccounts": [
    {
    "email": "790569220780-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com",
    "scopes": [
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly",
        "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "shieldedInstanceConfig": {
    "enableIntegrityMonitoring": true,
    "enableSecureBoot": false,
    "enableVtpm": true
  },
  "shieldedInstanceIntegrityPolicy": {
    "updateAutoLearnPolicy": true
  },
  "startRestricted": false,
  "status": "RUNNING",
  "tags": {
    "fingerprint": "42WmSpB8rSM="
  },
  "zone": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/example-project/zones/us-central1-a"
}

确定实例的 CPU 和内存分配

您可以根据实例使用的机器类型确定为计算实例分配的 CPU 数量和内存量,例如:

  • c3-standard-22:C3 是机器系列名称,standard 是实例的内存分配类型,22 是分配给实例的 vCPU 数量。通常,standard 机器类型的 vCPU 内存比率为 4 GB。因此,此机器类型将具有 88 GB 的 RAM。

    standardhighmemhighcpuultamemmegamem 机器类型的内存与 CPU 比率因机器系列而略有不同,因此请参阅机器系列页面,确定为每种机器类型分配的内存确切数量。

  • n2-custom-8-16384:对于自定义机器类型,机器类型的第一部分是机器系列,但 N1 机器类型除外,后者完全不包含机器系列。custom 后面的第一个数字是 vCPU 数量,最后一个数字是分配给实例的内存量(以 MB 为单位)。

如需详细了解机器类型,请参阅机器系列资源和比较指南

后续步骤