重新启动或重置 Compute Engine 实例

Linux Windows

本文档介绍了如何重启或重置 Compute Engine 实例。如需详细了解重置实例的效果，以及暂停、停止或重置实例之间的区别，请参阅暂停、停止或重置 Compute Engine 实例。

重启或重置实例有助于确保最佳性能和稳定性，或有助于解决客机操作系统（OS）冻结、运行缓慢或崩溃等问题。根据实例的客机操作系统状态，执行以下操作之一：

重启实例。如果您的客机操作系统速度缓慢或已冻结，重启可让其有足够的时间在关机前完成正在运行的任务。
重置实例。仅在客机操作系统崩溃或无响应且您没有其他选项时重置实例。重置实例不会让客机操作系统彻底关闭。此操作可能会舍弃未保存的数据，且可能会损坏任何磁盘的文件系统。

准备工作

如果您尚未设置身份验证，请进行设置。身份验证是通过其进行身份验证以访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 的过程。如需从本地开发环境运行代码或示例，您可以通过选择以下选项之一向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证：

Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console

When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud

所需的角色

如需获得重置或重启计算实例所需的权限，请让管理员为您授予实例的 Compute Instance Admin (v1) (roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1) IAM 角色。如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

此预定义角色包含重置或重启计算实例所需的权限。如需查看所需的确切权限，请展开所需权限部分：

所需权限

您需要具备以下权限才能重置或重启计算实例：

如需重置实例，请执行以下操作： compute.instances.reset
如需从客机操作系统内部重启实例，请执行以下操作： compute.instances.setMetadata

您也可以使用自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取这些权限。

重启实例

重启计算实例可让实例中的客机操作系统在 Compute Engine 发送 ACPI 关停信号之前完成正在运行的任务。这有助于确保彻底关闭客机操作系统。

重启实例会清除实例使用的内存。如果您在实例中使用 RAM 磁盘，并且需要保留这些数据，请在重启实例之前备份数据。

如需重启实例，请选择以下选项之一：

Linux

如果您尚未连接到实例，请先连接。
如需重启实例，请运行以下命令：
```
sudo reboot
```

Windows

如果您尚未连接到实例，请使用以下方法之一连接到实例：
如需重启实例，请运行以下命令：
```
shutdown /r /t 0
```
（可选）如需监控关停和重启实例的过程，请启用 Windows 启动管理器菜单。

重置实例

重置实例会清除实例内存中的所有数据，包括存储在 RAM 磁盘上的所有临时文件。这些数据会永久丢失，并且在重置实例之前，Compute Engine 不会创建备份。

您可以同时重置多个实例或单个实例。对于多个实例，请使用 Google Cloud 控制台；对于位于同一可用区中的实例，请使用 Google Cloud CLI。对于单个实例，请选择以下任一选项：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往虚拟机实例页面。

进入“虚拟机实例”
选择要重置的实例。
点击重置，然后点击重置进行确认。

gcloud

如需重置单个可用区中一个或多个正在运行的实例，请使用 gcloud compute instances reset 命令：

gcloud compute instances reset INSTANCE_NAMES \
    --zone=ZONE

替换以下内容：

INSTANCE_NAMES：以空格分隔的实例名称列表，例如 instance-01 instance-02 instance-03。
ZONE：实例所在的可用区。

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
)

// resetInstance resets a running Google Compute Engine instance (with unencrypted disks).
func resetInstance(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.ResetInstanceRequest{
		Project:  projectID,
		Zone:     zone,
		Instance: instanceName,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Reset(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to reset instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance reset\n")

	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation.Status;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ResetInstanceRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class ResetInstance {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    /* project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project your instance belongs to.
       zone: name of the zone your instance belongs to.
       instanceName: name of the instance your want to reset.
     */
    String project = "your-project-id";
    String zone = "zone-name";
    String instanceName = "instance-name";

    resetInstance(project, zone, instanceName);
  }

  // Resets a running Google Compute Engine instance (with unencrypted disks).
  public static void resetInstance(String project, String zone, String instanceName)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    /* Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
       once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
       the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to safely
       clean up any remaining background resources. */
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {

      ResetInstanceRequest resetInstanceRequest = ResetInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstance(instanceName)
          .build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.resetAsync(
          resetInstanceRequest);
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.getStatus() == Status.DONE) {
        System.out.println("Instance reset successfully ! ");
      }
    }
  }

}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b'
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME'

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

async function resetInstance() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  const [response] = await instancesClient.reset({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instance: instanceName,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance reset.');
}

resetInstance();

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Client\InstancesClient;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\ResetInstanceRequest;

/**
 * Reset a running Google Compute Engine instance (with unencrypted disks).
 *
 * @param string $projectId Project ID or project number of the Cloud project your instance belongs to.
 * @param string $zone Name of the zone your instance belongs to.
 * @param string $instanceName Name of the instance you want to reset.
  *
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ApiException if the remote call fails.
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ValidationException if local error occurs before remote call.
 */
function reset_instance(
    string $projectId,
    string $zone,
    string $instanceName
) {
    // Stop the Compute Engine instance using InstancesClient.
    $instancesClient = new InstancesClient();
    $request = (new ResetInstanceRequest())
        ->setInstance($instanceName)
        ->setProject($projectId)
        ->setZone($zone);
    $operation = $instancesClient->reset($request);

    // Wait for the operation to complete.
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();
    if ($operation->operationSucceeded()) {
        printf('Instance %s reset successfully' . PHP_EOL, $instanceName);
    } else {
        $error = $operation->getError();
        printf('Failed to reset instance: %s' . PHP_EOL, $error?->getMessage());
    }
}

Python

from __future__ import annotations

import sys
from typing import Any

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def reset_instance(project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str) -> None:
    """
    Resets a stopped Google Compute Engine instance (with unencrypted disks).
    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project your instance belongs to.
        zone: name of the zone your instance belongs to.
        instance_name: name of the instance your want to reset.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    operation = instance_client.reset(
        project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name
    )

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance reset")

REST

如需重置正在运行的实例，请向 instances.reset 方法发出 POST 请求：

 POST https://compute.googleapis.com//compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/INSTANCE_NAME/reset

替换以下内容：

INSTANCE_NAME：实例的名称。
PROJECT_ID：实例所在项目的 ID。
ZONE：实例所在的区域。

重新启动或重置 Compute Engine 实例 使用集合让一切井井有条 根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。

准备工作

Console

gcloud

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

REST

所需的角色

所需权限

重启实例

Linux

Windows

重置实例

控制台

gcloud

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

REST

后续步骤

重新启动或重置 Compute Engine 实例