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删除 Compute Engine 实例

本文档介绍了如何删除 Compute Engine 实例。如需详细了解实例的生命周期，请参阅 Compute Engine 实例生命周期。

如果您不再需要实例，请将其删除，以免实例及其附加资源继续产生费用。

如果要保留挂接的资源，请在删除实例之前执行以下一项或多项操作：

如需保留挂接到 N1 虚拟机 (VM) 实例的 GPU，请从虚拟机中移除 GPU。
如需保留已连接的磁盘，请执行以下操作之一：
- 如需保留启动磁盘，请将启动磁盘与实例分离。
- 如需保留启动磁盘或非启动磁盘，请将磁盘的自动删除设置设置为 false。
如需保留本地 SSD 磁盘的数据，请将磁盘的数据复制到持久性存储选项。
如需重复使用实例的静态外部 IP 地址，请取消分配 IP 地址。

准备工作

如果您尚未设置身份验证，请进行设置。身份验证是通过其进行身份验证以访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 的过程。如需从本地开发环境运行代码或示例，您可以选择以下任一选项向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证：

Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console

When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:
  gcloud init
  Note: If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running gcloud components update.
2. Set a default region and zone.

所需的角色

如需获得删除计算实例所需的权限，请让管理员向您授予项目的 Compute Instance Admin (v1) (roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1) IAM 角色。如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

此预定义角色包含删除计算实例所需的权限。如需查看所需的确切权限，请展开所需权限部分：

所需权限

如需删除计算实例，您需要具备以下权限：

针对实例的 compute.instances.delete 权限
如需强制删除已挂接的磁盘：针对磁盘的 compute.disks.delete 权限

您也可以使用自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取这些权限。

结算影响

删除计算实例后，除非符合以下任何情况，否则 Google Cloud 将不再针对该实例及其挂接的资源向您收取费用：

如果您删除在单租户节点上托管的实例，则您将继续为单租户节点本身支付费用，而不是为在该节点上托管的各个实例支付费用。
如果您有承诺使用折扣，则无论您是否使用这些资源，您都需要继续为所承诺的资源付费。
如果您保留了挂接到实例的任何资源，这些资源会继续产生费用，直到您将其删除。例如，如果您删除实例但保留了挂接到该实例的磁盘，则这些磁盘会继续产生费用。

如需了解详情，请参阅虚拟机实例价格。

删除实例

当您删除计算实例时，Compute Engine 会先停止实例（如果实例正在运行）。此外，您可以选择删除或保留已连接的磁盘，具体方法如下：

删除实例和所有附加资源

使用此选项可同时删除一个或多个实例，并删除或强制删除任何已附加的磁盘。
删除实例并保留磁盘

使用此选项可同时删除一个或多个实例，但保留已附加的磁盘。

删除实例和所有附加的资源

删除计算实例时，默认情况下，Compute Engine 会删除该实例及其所有挂接的资源。但是，如果您将已挂接的磁盘配置为在删除实例时保留，则可以使用 gcloud CLI 覆盖此设置，并在删除实例时强制删除该磁盘。

您可以同时删除多个实例，也可以逐个删除实例。对于多个实例，请使用 Google Cloud 控制台；对于位于同一可用区的实例，请使用 gcloud CLI。对于个别实例，请选择以下任一选项：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往虚拟机实例页面。

转到“虚拟机实例”
选择要删除的实例。
点击删除，然后再次点击删除进行确认。

gcloud

如需删除单个可用区中的一个或多个实例，请使用 gcloud compute instances delete 命令：

gcloud compute instances delete INSTANCE_NAMES \
    --zone=ZONE

替换以下内容：

INSTANCE_NAMES：实例名称列表（以空格分隔），例如 instance-01 instance-02 instance-03。
ZONE：实例所在的可用区。

（可选）如需强制删除挂接到一个或多个实例的磁盘，请添加 --delete-disks 标志。

gcloud compute instances delete INSTANCE_NAMES \
    --delete-disks=DELETE_DISK_TYPE \
    --zone=ZONE

将 DELETE_DISK_TYPE 替换为以下某个值：

如需删除已挂接的启动永久性存储空间和非启动永久性存储空间，请执行以下操作：all
如需仅删除已附加的启动永久性存储：boot
如需仅删除非启动永久性存储，请执行以下操作：data

C#


using Google.Cloud.Compute.V1;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class DeleteInstanceAsyncSample
{
    public async Task DeleteInstanceAsync(
        // TODO(developer): Set your own default values for these parameters or pass different values when calling this method.
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string zone = "us-central1-a",
        string machineName = "test-machine")
    {

        // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
        // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
        InstancesClient client = await InstancesClient.CreateAsync();

        // Make the request to delete a VM instance.
        var instanceDeletion = await client.DeleteAsync(projectId, zone, machineName);

        // Wait for the operation to complete using client-side polling.
        await instanceDeletion.PollUntilCompletedAsync();
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
)

// deleteInstance sends a delete request to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
func deleteInstance(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.DeleteInstanceRequest{
		Project:  projectID,
		Zone:     zone,
		Instance: instanceName,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Delete(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to delete instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance deleted\n")

	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.DeleteInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class DeleteInstance {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String project = "your-project-id";
    String zone = "zone-name";
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    deleteInstance(project, zone, instanceName);
  }

  // Delete the instance specified by `instanceName`
  // if it's present in the given project and zone.
  public static void deleteInstance(String project, String zone, String instanceName)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {

      System.out.printf("Deleting instance: %s ", instanceName);

      // Describe which instance is to be deleted.
      DeleteInstanceRequest deleteInstanceRequest = DeleteInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstance(instanceName).build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.deleteAsync(
          deleteInstanceRequest);
      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance deletion failed ! ! " + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b'
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Delete the instance specified by `instanceName` if it's present in the given project and zone.
async function deleteInstance() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  console.log(`Deleting ${instanceName} from ${zone}...`);

  const [response] = await instancesClient.delete({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instance: instanceName,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the delete operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance deleted.');
}

deleteInstance();

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Client\InstancesClient;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\DeleteInstanceRequest;

/**
 * Delete an instance.
 *
 * @param string $projectId Your Google Cloud project ID.
 * @param string $zone Zone where the instance you want to delete is (like "us-central1-a").
 * @param string $instanceName Unique name for the Compute instance to delete.
 *
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ApiException if the remote call fails.
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ValidationException if local error occurs before remote call.
 */
function delete_instance(
    string $projectId,
    string $zone,
    string $instanceName
) {
    // Delete the Compute Engine instance using InstancesClient.
    $instancesClient = new InstancesClient();
    $request = (new DeleteInstanceRequest())
        ->setInstance($instanceName)
        ->setProject($projectId)
        ->setZone($zone);
    $operation = $instancesClient->delete($request);

    // Wait for the operation to complete.
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();
    if ($operation->operationSucceeded()) {
        printf('Deleted instance %s' . PHP_EOL, $instanceName);
    } else {
        $error = $operation->getError();
        printf('Failed to delete instance: %s' . PHP_EOL, $error?->getMessage());
    }
}

Python

from __future__ import annotations

import sys
from typing import Any

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def delete_instance(project_id: str, zone: str, machine_name: str) -> None:
    """
    Send an instance deletion request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone you want to use. For example: “us-west3-b”
        machine_name: name of the machine you want to delete.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    print(f"Deleting {machine_name} from {zone}...")
    operation = instance_client.delete(
        project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=machine_name
    )
    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance deletion")
    print(f"Instance {machine_name} deleted.")

Ruby


require "google/cloud/compute/v1"

# Sends an instance deletion request to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
#
# @param [String] project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
# @param [String] zone name of the zone you want to use. For example: "us-west3-b"
# @param [String] instance_name name of the instance you want to delete.
def delete_instance project:, zone:, instance_name:
  # Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
  # once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
  client = ::Google::Cloud::Compute::V1::Instances::Rest::Client.new

  puts "Deleting #{instance_name} from #{zone}..."
  begin
    # Make the request to delete a VM instance.
    operation = client.delete project: project, zone: zone, instance: instance_name
    # Wait for the delete operation to complete.
    operation = wait_until_done operation: operation

    if operation.error?
      warn "Error during deletion:", operation.error
    else
      compute_operation = operation.operation
      warn "Warning during creation:", compute_operation.warnings unless compute_operation.warnings.empty?
      puts "Instance #{instance_name} deleted."
    end
  rescue ::Google::Cloud::Error => e
    warn "Exception during deletion:", e
  end
end

REST

如需删除实例，请向 instances delete 方法发出 DELETE 请求：

DELETE https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/INSTANCE_NAME

替换以下内容：

PROJECT_ID：实例所在的项目的 ID。
ZONE：实例的可用区。
INSTANCE_NAME：实例名称。

删除实例并保留磁盘

默认情况下，删除计算实例会删除该实例及其附加的资源。但是，使用 gcloud CLI 删除实例时，您可以指定保留挂接的磁盘，而不考虑磁盘的自动删除设置。

如需删除单个可用区中的一个或多个实例，同时保留其挂接的磁盘，请使用带有 --keep-disks 标志的 gcloud compute instances delete 命令：

gcloud compute instances delete INSTANCE_NAMES \
    --keep-disks=KEEP_DISK_TYPE \
    --zone=ZONE

替换以下内容：

INSTANCE_NAMES：实例名称列表（以空格分隔），例如 instance-01 instance-02 instance-03。
KEEP_DISK_TYPE：指定以下某个值：
- 如需保留已附加的启动和非启动永久性存储空间，请执行以下操作：all
- 如需仅保留已附加的启动永久性存储空间：boot
- 如需仅保留已附加的非启动永久性存储空间：data
ZONE：实例所在的可用区。

删除 Compute Engine 实例

准备工作

Console

gcloud

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

REST

所需的角色

所需权限

结算影响

删除实例

删除实例和所有附加的资源

控制台

gcloud

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

REST

删除实例并保留磁盘

后续步骤