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Creare una VM con un tipo di macchina personalizzata

Compute Engine offre tipi di macchine predefinite che puoi utilizzare quando crei un'istanza VM. Un tipo di macchina predefinita ha un numero di vCPU e una quantità di memoria preimpostati e viene addebitato a un prezzo fisso. Se le VM predefinite nonsoddisfano le tue esigenze, puoi creare un'istanza VM con impostazioni hardware virtualizzate personalizzate. Nello specifico, puoi creare un'istanza VM con un numero personalizzato di vCPU e una quantità di memoria, utilizzando efficacemente un tipo di macchina personalizzata. I tipi di macchine personalizzate sono disponibili nella famiglia di macchine per uso generico solo per le serie di macchine N ed E. I tipi di macchine personalizzate non sono disponibili per le serie di macchine C e Tau. Puoi creare una VM personalizzata sui tipi di macchine N4, N2, N2D, E2 o N1.

Le VM personalizzate sono ideali nei seguenti scenari:

Carichi di lavoro non adatti ai tipi di VM predefiniti.
Carichi di lavoro che richiedono più potenza di elaborazione o più memoria, ma non tutti gli upgrade forniti dal tipo di macchina di livello superiore.

Prima di iniziare

Leggi la documentazione sulle famiglie di macchine.
Se non l'hai ancora fatto, configura l'autenticazione. L'autenticazione è la procedura mediante la quale la tua identità viene verificata per l'accesso alle API e ai servizi Google Cloud. Per eseguire codice o esempi da un ambiente di sviluppo locale, puoi autenticarti su Compute Engine selezionando una delle seguenti opzioni:

Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console

When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:
  gcloud init
  Note: If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running gcloud components update.
2. Set a default region and zone.

Ruoli obbligatori

Per ottenere le autorizzazioni necessarie per creare una VM con un tipo di macchina personalizzata, chiedi all'amministratore di concederti il ruolo IAM Amministratore istanze Compute (v1) (roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1) nel progetto. Per saperne di più sulla concessione dei ruoli, consulta Gestire l'accesso a progetti, cartelle e organizzazioni.

Questo ruolo predefinito contiene le autorizzazioni necessarie per creare una VM con un tipo di macchina personalizzata. Per visualizzare le autorizzazioni esatte richieste, espandi la sezione Autorizzazioni richieste:

Autorizzazioni obbligatorie

Per creare una VM con un tipo di macchina personalizzata, sono necessarie le seguenti autorizzazioni:

Per aggiungere memoria estesa a una VM esistente: compute.instances.setMachineType sulla VM
Per creare una VM con un tipo di macchina personalizzata:
- compute.instances.create sul progetto
- Per utilizzare un'immagine personalizzata per creare la VM&colon; compute.images.useReadOnly sull'immagine
- Per utilizzare uno snapshot per creare la VM&colon; compute.snapshots.useReadOnly nello snapshot
- Per utilizzare un modello di istanza per creare la VM&colon; compute.instanceTemplates.useReadOnly nel modello di istanza
- Per assegnare una rete legacy alla VM&colon; compute.networks.use nel progetto
- Per specificare un indirizzo IP statico per la VM&colon; compute.addresses.use nel progetto
- Per assegnare un indirizzo IP esterno alla VM quando nel progetto viene utilizzata una rete precedente&colon; compute.networks.useExternalIp
- Per specificare una subnet per la VM&colon; compute.subnetworks.use nel progetto o nella subnet scelta
- Per assegnare un indirizzo IP esterno alla VM quando utilizzi una rete VPC&colon; compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp nel progetto o nella subnet scelta
- Per impostare i metadati dell'istanza VM per la VM&colon; compute.instances.setMetadata nel progetto
- Per impostare i tag per la VM&colon; compute.instances.setTags sulla VM
- Per impostare le etichette per la VM&colon; compute.instances.setLabels sulla VM
- Per impostare un account di servizio per consentire alla VM di utilizzare&colon; compute.instances.setServiceAccount sulla VM
- Per creare un nuovo disco per la VM&colon; compute.disks.create nel progetto
- Per collegare un disco esistente in modalità di sola lettura o di lettura e scrittura&colon; compute.disks.use sul disco
- Per collegare un disco esistente in modalità di sola lettura&colon; compute.disks.useReadOnly sul disco

Potresti anche ottenere queste autorizzazioni con ruoli personalizzati o altri ruoli predefiniti.

Limitazioni

Se la VM ha dischi SSD locali, non puoi modificare la configurazione della vCPU e della memoria.
La memoria estesa è disponibile solo sui tipi di macchine personalizzate. I tipi di macchine predefinite non sono supportati.
Esiste una quantità massima di memoria che puoi aggiungere a ogni tipo di macchina.
Devi specificare la memoria in incrementi di 256 MB.
La memoria estesa non è idonea per gli sconti per impegno di utilizzo.
I tipi di macchine N4 e N2D sono disponibili solo in determinate regioni e zone.

Prezzi tipo di macchina personalizzate

Google addebita le VM personalizzate in base al numero di vCPU e alle ore di memoria utilizzate dalla VM. Questo è diverso dal modo in cui vengono addebitati i tipi di macchine predefinite. I prezzi on demand per i tipi di macchine personalizzate includono un premium del 5% rispetto ai prezzi on demand per i tipi di macchine predefinite.

Quando utilizzi un tipo di macchina personalizzata, la memoria fino all'importo predefinito per vCPU viene addebitata in base ai prezzi del tipo di macchina personalizzata della famiglia di macchine. I tipi di macchine personalizzate E2 e con core condivisi E2 condividono lo stesso schema di prezzi.
Se utilizzi i tuoi commitments per eseguire tipi di macchine personalizzate, Compute Engine addebita un premio del 5% rispetto ai prezzi dell'impegno. Compute Engine addebita questo costo aggiuntivo per la parte e la durata del tuo impegno per l'esecuzione di queste VM con tipo di macchina personalizzata.

Consulta Prezzi delle istanze VM per informazioni sulle serie di macchine.

Le VM personalizzate sono soggette allo stesso addebito minimo di 1 minuto di qualsiasi altra istanza, ma gli sconti per utilizzo sostenuto per i tipi di macchine personalizzate vengono calcolati in modo diverso. Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta gli sconti per utilizzo sostenuto per le VM personalizzate.

Prezzi della memoria estesa

Per la memoria superiore a quella predefinita, Compute Engine addebita la memoria estesa in base ai prezzi della memoria personalizzata estesa della famiglia di macchine. Il prezzo della memoria estesa è diverso dal prezzo della memoria al di sotto della soglia predefinita.

I prezzi della memoria estesa variano in base alla regione. Le istanze in esecuzione con memoria estesa sono soggette allo stesso addebito minimo di 1 minuto di qualsiasi altra istanza. La memoria estesa è idonea anche per gli sconti per utilizzo sostenuto.

Aggiungere memoria estesa a un tipo di macchina

A seconda della serie di macchine, ogni tipo di macchina ha una quantità specifica di memoria per impostazione predefinita. Per alcuni carichi di lavoro, questa memoria potrebbe non essere sufficiente. A un costo aggiuntivo, puoi ricevere più memoria per vCPU oltre il limite predefinito. Viene denominata memoria estesa.

Con la memoria estesa, puoi specificare una quantità di memoria per il tipo di macchina personalizzata senza limitazioni per vCPU. Anziché utilizzare la dimensione della memoria predefinita basata sul numero di vCPU specificate, puoi specificare una quantità di memoria estesa, fino al limite della serie di macchine.

Serie di macchine	Limite di vCPU	Limite di memoria
N4	80	640 GB
N2	128	640 GB
N2D	224	768 GB
E2	32	128 GB
N1	96	624 GB

Se hai bisogno di più memoria, utilizza uno dei tipi di macchine ottimizzate per la memoria, che ti consente di creare VM con una memoria totale fino a 12 TB per VM.

Determina se hai bisogno di memoria estesa

Alcuni carichi di lavoro richiedono più della quantità predefinita di memoria per vCPU per fornire risultati ottimali. I carichi di lavoro basati su database di analisi in memoria ad alte prestazioni, inclusi database relazionali e NoSQL come MS SQL Server, MongoDB e MemcacheD/Redis, rientrano in questa categoria. La licenza basata su vCPU di sistemi operativi e stack software rende inoltre più difficile la selezione di una configurazione della memoria della VM ottimale con tipi di macchine predefinite. Utilizzando la memoria estesa, puoi aggiungere tutta la memoria necessaria alle tue VM al miglior rapporto prezzo/prestazioni.

Indica la memoria in GB o MB

Per gli strumenti e la documentazione di Google Cloud, la memoria del tipo di macchina viene calcolata in gigabyte (GB), dove 1 GB è pari a 2³⁰ byte. Questa unità di misura è nota anche come gibibyte (GiB) . Quando si converte la memoria da GB a MB, 1 GB = 1024 MB.

Nell'API, devi sempre fornire la memoria in megabyte. Se utilizzi Google Cloud CLI, puoi specificare la memoria totale di una VM in gigabyte o megabyte. Tuttavia, la gcloud CLI si aspetta che il valore della memoria sia un numero intero, quindi non puoi fornire un valore in virgola mobile. Ad esempio, per esprimere 5,75 GB, converti 5,75 GB in MB. In questo caso, 5,75 GB corrispondono a 5888 MB.

Creare una VM con un tipo di macchina personalizzata

Prima di creare un'istanza VM personalizzata, assicurati di leggere le specifiche personalizzate per la creazione di questo tipo di macchina.

Console

Nella console Google Cloud, vai alla pagina Crea un'istanza.

Vai a Crea un'istanza
Seleziona la Regione e la Zona in cui vuoi ospitare la VM.
Nella sezione Configurazione macchina, seleziona General purpose.
1. Nell'elenco Serie, seleziona una serie di macchine per creare una macchina personalizzata. N4, N2, N2D, E2 e N1 offrono tipi di macchine personalizzate.
2. Nella sezione Tipo di macchina, seleziona Personalizzata.
3. Per specificare il numero di vCPU e la quantità di memoria per l'istanza VM, trascina i dispositivi di scorrimento o inserisci i valori nelle caselle di testo. La console mostra un costo stimato per la VM man mano che modifichi il numero di vCPU e la memoria.
Continua a creare la VM.

gcloud

Crea una macchina personalizzata utilizzando il comando gcloud compute instances create con l'opzione --machine-type.

  gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE_NAME \
    --machine-type=MACHINE_TYPE-NUMBER_OF_VCPUS-AMOUNT_OF_MEMORY_MB

Sostituisci quanto segue:

INSTANCE_NAME: nome dell'istanza
MACHINE_TYPE: tipo di macchina, ad esempio N2
NUMBER_OF_VCPUS: numero di vCPU
AMOUNT_OF_MEMORY_MB: quantità di memoria in MB o GB

Ecco un esempio di utilizzo di un tipo di macchina N2 con 48 vCPU e 310 GB di memoria nella zona us-central1-a:

  gcloud compute instances create example-instance \
    --zone=us-central1-a --machine-type=n2-custom-48-317440

In alternativa, puoi specificare un tipo di macchina personalizzata utilizzando le opzioni personalizzate: --custom-cpu, --custom-memory, --custom-vm-type e --custom-extensions. Per configurare la memoria estesa, che ti consente di specificare una quantità di memoria superiore al rapporto massimo di memoria per vCPU, aumenta il valore di AMOUNT_OF_MEMORY_MB e appendi -ext al nome del tipo di macchina.

  gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE_NAME \
        --custom-cpu=NUMBER_OF_VCPUS \
        --custom-memory=NUMBER_OF_MB \
        --custom-vm-type=MACHINE_TYPE \
        --custom-extension

Sostituisci quanto segue:

INSTANCE_NAME: nome dell'istanza
NUMBER_OF_VCPUS: numero di vCPU
NUMBER_OF_MB: quantità di memoria in MB o GB
MACHINE_TYPE: tipo di macchina, ad esempio N2

L'esempio seguente è un tipo di macchina personalizzata N2 con 48 vCPU e 310 GB di memoria che utilizza le opzioni Google Cloud CLI.

  gcloud compute instances create example-instance \
    --custom-cpu=48 --custom-memory=317440 --custom-extension --custom-vm-type=n2

Quando utilizzi l'opzione --custom-memory, specifica l'importo totale della memoria in GB o MB. La proprietà deve essere un numero intero, quindi se vuoi specificare incrementi di 0,25 GB per la memoria, converti il valore in MB.

Per i tipi di macchine personalizzate con core condivisi E2, utilizza lo stesso comando gcloud compute instances create e includi la dimensione della macchina con core condivisi: micro, small o medium. Le vCPU e la memoria sono limitate.

  gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE_NAME\
    --machine-type=MACHINE_TYPE-AMOUNT_OF_MEMORY_MB

Sostituisci quanto segue:

INSTANCE_NAME: nome dell'istanza
MACHINE_TYPE: E2 small
AMOUNT_OF_MEMORY_MB: quantità di memoria in MB o GB

L'esempio seguente è un tipo di macchina personalizzata E2 small con core condiviso con 0,5 vCPU e 2,25 GB di memoria.

  gcloud compute instances create example-instance \
    --machine-type=e2-custom-small-2304

Terraform

Per generare il codice Terraform, puoi utilizzare il componente Codice equivalente nella console Google Cloud.

Nella console Google Cloud, vai alla pagina Istanze VM.
Vai a Istanze VM
Fai clic su Crea istanza.
Specifica i parametri che preferisci.
Nella parte superiore o inferiore della pagina, fai clic su Codice equivalente e poi sulla scheda Terraform per visualizzare il codice Terraform.

Vai

Prima di provare questo esempio, segui le istruzioni di configurazione di Go nella guida rapida di Compute Engine che utilizza le librerie client. Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta la documentazione di riferimento dell'API Compute Engine Go.

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

func customMachineTypeURI(zone, cpuSeries string, coreCount, memory int) (string, error) {
	const (
		n1       = "custom"
		n2       = "n2-custom"
		n2d      = "n2d-custom"
		e2       = "e2-custom"
		e2Micro  = "e2-custom-micro"
		e2Small  = "e2-custom-small"
		e2Medium = "e2-custom-medium"
	)

	type typeLimit struct {
		allowedCores     []int
		minMemPerCore    int
		maxMemPerCore    int
		allowExtraMemory bool
		extraMemoryLimit int
	}

	makeRange := func(start, end, step int) []int {
		if step <= 0 || end < start {
			return []int{}
		}
		s := make([]int, 0, 1+(end-start)/step)
		for start <= end {
			s = append(s, start)
			start += step
		}
		return s
	}

	containsString := func(s []string, str string) bool {
		for _, v := range s {
			if v == str {
				return true
			}
		}

		return false
	}

	containsInt := func(nums []int, n int) bool {
		for _, v := range nums {
			if v == n {
				return true
			}
		}

		return false
	}

	var (
		cpuSeriesE2Limit = typeLimit{
			allowedCores:  makeRange(2, 33, 2),
			minMemPerCore: 512,
			maxMemPerCore: 8192,
		}
		cpuSeriesE2MicroLimit  = typeLimit{minMemPerCore: 1024, maxMemPerCore: 2048}
		cpuSeriesE2SmallLimit  = typeLimit{minMemPerCore: 2048, maxMemPerCore: 4096}
		cpuSeriesE2MeidumLimit = typeLimit{minMemPerCore: 4096, maxMemPerCore: 8192}
		cpuSeriesN2Limit       = typeLimit{
			allowedCores:  append(makeRange(2, 33, 2), makeRange(36, 129, 4)...),
			minMemPerCore: 512, maxMemPerCore: 8192,
			allowExtraMemory: true,
			extraMemoryLimit: 624 << 10,
		}
		cpuSeriesN2DLimit = typeLimit{
			allowedCores:  []int{2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96},
			minMemPerCore: 512, maxMemPerCore: 8192,
			allowExtraMemory: true,
			extraMemoryLimit: 768 << 10,
		}
		cpuSeriesN1Limit = typeLimit{
			allowedCores:     append([]int{1}, makeRange(2, 97, 2)...),
			minMemPerCore:    922,
			maxMemPerCore:    6656,
			allowExtraMemory: true,
			extraMemoryLimit: 624 << 10,
		}
	)

	typeLimitsMap := map[string]typeLimit{
		n1:       cpuSeriesN1Limit,
		n2:       cpuSeriesN2Limit,
		n2d:      cpuSeriesN2DLimit,
		e2:       cpuSeriesE2Limit,
		e2Micro:  cpuSeriesE2MicroLimit,
		e2Small:  cpuSeriesE2SmallLimit,
		e2Medium: cpuSeriesE2MeidumLimit,
	}

	if !containsString([]string{e2, n1, n2, n2d}, cpuSeries) {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("incorrect cpu type: %v", cpuSeries)
	}

	tl := typeLimitsMap[cpuSeries]

	// Check whether the requested parameters are allowed.
	// Find more information about limitations of custom machine types at:
	// https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#custom_machine_types

	// Check the number of cores
	if len(tl.allowedCores) > 0 && !containsInt(tl.allowedCores, coreCount) {
		return "", fmt.Errorf(
			"invalid number of cores requested. Allowed number of cores for %v is: %v",
			cpuSeries,
			tl.allowedCores,
		)
	}

	// Memory must be a multiple of 256 MB
	if memory%256 != 0 {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("requested memory must be a multiple of 256 MB")
	}

	// Check if the requested memory isn't too little
	if memory < coreCount*tl.minMemPerCore {
		return "", fmt.Errorf(
			"requested memory is too low. Minimal memory for %v is %v MB per core",
			cpuSeries,
			tl.minMemPerCore,
		)
	}

	// Check if the requested memory isn't too much
	if memory > coreCount*tl.maxMemPerCore && !tl.allowExtraMemory {
		return "", fmt.Errorf(
			"requested memory is too large.. Maximum memory allowed for %v is %v MB per core",
			cpuSeries,
			tl.maxMemPerCore,
		)
	}
	if memory > tl.extraMemoryLimit && tl.allowExtraMemory {
		return "", fmt.Errorf(
			"requested memory is too large.. Maximum memory allowed for %v is %v MB",
			cpuSeries,
			tl.extraMemoryLimit,
		)
	}

	// Return the custom machine type in form of a string acceptable by Compute Engine API.
	if containsString([]string{e2Small, e2Micro, e2Medium}, cpuSeries) {
		return fmt.Sprintf("zones/%v/machineTypes/%v-%v", zone, cpuSeries, memory), nil
	}

	if memory > coreCount*tl.maxMemPerCore {
		return fmt.Sprintf(
			"zones/%v/machineTypes/%v-%v-%v-ext",
			zone,
			cpuSeries,
			coreCount,
			memory,
		), nil
	}

	return fmt.Sprintf("zones/%v/machineTypes/%v-%v-%v", zone, cpuSeries, coreCount, memory), nil
}

// createInstanceWithCustomMachineTypeWithHelper creates a new VM instance with a custom machine type.
func createInstanceWithCustomMachineTypeWithHelper(
	w io.Writer,
	projectID, zone, instanceName, cpuSeries string,
	coreCount, memory int,
) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// cpuSeries := "e2-custom-micro" // the type of CPU you want to use"
	// coreCount := 2 // number of CPU cores you want to use.
	// memory := 256 // the amount of memory for the VM instance, in megabytes.

	machineType, err := customMachineTypeURI(zone, cpuSeries, coreCount, memory)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create custom machine type string: %w", err)
	}

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
			Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb: proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: proto.String(
							"projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-12",
						),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
				},
			},
			MachineType: proto.String(machineType),
			NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
				{
					Name: proto.String("global/networks/default"),
				},
			},
		},
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

Prima di provare questo esempio, segui le istruzioni di configurazione di Java nella guida rapida di Compute Engine che utilizza le librerie client. Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta la documentazione di riferimento dell'API Compute Engine Java.

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.


import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

public class CreateWithHelper {

  // This class defines the configurable parameters for a custom VM.
  static final class TypeLimits {

    int[] allowedCores;
    int minMemPerCore;
    int maxMemPerCore;
    int extraMemoryLimit;
    boolean allowExtraMemory;

    TypeLimits(int[] allowedCores, int minMemPerCore, int maxMemPerCore, boolean allowExtraMemory,
        int extraMemoryLimit) {
      this.allowedCores = allowedCores;
      this.minMemPerCore = minMemPerCore;
      this.maxMemPerCore = maxMemPerCore;
      this.allowExtraMemory = allowExtraMemory;
      this.extraMemoryLimit = extraMemoryLimit;
    }
  }

  public enum CpuSeries {
    N1("custom"),
    N2("n2-custom"),
    N2D("n2d-custom"),
    E2("e2-custom"),
    E2_MICRO("e2-custom-micro"),
    E2_SMALL("e2-custom-small"),
    E2_MEDIUM("e2-custom-medium");

    private static final Map<String, CpuSeries> ENUM_MAP;

    static {
      ENUM_MAP = init();
    }

    // Build an immutable map of String name to enum pairs.
    public static Map<String, CpuSeries> init() {
      Map<String, CpuSeries> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
      for (CpuSeries instance : CpuSeries.values()) {
        map.put(instance.getCpuSeries(), instance);
      }
      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
    }

    private final String cpuSeries;

    CpuSeries(String cpuSeries) {
      this.cpuSeries = cpuSeries;
    }

    public static CpuSeries get(String name) {
      return ENUM_MAP.get(name);
    }

    public String getCpuSeries() {
      return this.cpuSeries;
    }
  }

  // This enum correlates a machine type with its limits.
  // The limits for various CPU types are described in:
  // https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines
  enum Limits {
    CPUSeries_E2(new TypeLimits(getNumsInRangeWithStep(2, 33, 2), 512, 8192, false, 0)),
    CPUSeries_E2MICRO(new TypeLimits(new int[]{}, 1024, 2048, false, 0)),
    CPUSeries_E2SMALL(new TypeLimits(new int[]{}, 2048, 4096, false, 0)),
    CPUSeries_E2MEDIUM(new TypeLimits(new int[]{}, 4096, 8192, false, 0)),
    CPUSeries_N2(
        new TypeLimits(concat(getNumsInRangeWithStep(2, 33, 2), getNumsInRangeWithStep(36, 129, 4)),
            512, 8192, true, gbToMb(624))),
    CPUSeries_N2D(
        new TypeLimits(new int[]{2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96}, 512, 8192, true, gbToMb(768))),
    CPUSeries_N1(
        new TypeLimits(concat(new int[]{1}, getNumsInRangeWithStep(2, 97, 2)), 922, 6656, true,
            gbToMb(624)));

    private final TypeLimits typeLimits;

    Limits(TypeLimits typeLimits) {
      this.typeLimits = typeLimits;
    }

    public TypeLimits getTypeLimits() {
      return typeLimits;
    }
  }

  static ImmutableMap<String, Limits> typeLimitsMap = ImmutableMap.<String, Limits>builder()
      .put("N1", Limits.CPUSeries_N1)
      .put("N2", Limits.CPUSeries_N2)
      .put("N2D", Limits.CPUSeries_N2D)
      .put("E2", Limits.CPUSeries_E2)
      .put("E2_MICRO", Limits.CPUSeries_E2MICRO)
      .put("E2_SMALL", Limits.CPUSeries_E2SMALL)
      .put("E2_MEDIUM", Limits.CPUSeries_E2SMALL)
      .build();

  // Returns the array of integers within the given range, incremented by the specified step.
  // start (inclusive): starting number of the range
  // stop (inclusive): ending number of the range
  // step : increment value
  static int[] getNumsInRangeWithStep(int start, int stop, int step) {
    return IntStream.range(start, stop).filter(x -> (x - start) % step == 0).toArray();
  }

  static int gbToMb(int value) {
    return value << 10;
  }

  static int[] concat(int[] a, int[] b) {
    int[] result = new int[a.length + b.length];
    System.arraycopy(a, 0, result, 0, a.length);
    System.arraycopy(b, 0, result, a.length, b.length);
    return result;
  }

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    // Project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
    String projectId = "your-google-cloud-project-id";
    // Name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b".
    String zone = "google-cloud-zone";
    // Name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    String cpuSeries = "N1";
    // Number of CPU cores you want to use.
    int coreCount = 2;
    // The amount of memory for the VM instance, in megabytes.
    int memory = 256;

    createInstanceWithCustomMachineTypeWithHelper(
        projectId, zone, instanceName, cpuSeries, coreCount, memory);
  }

  // Create a VM instance with a custom machine type.
  public static void createInstanceWithCustomMachineTypeWithHelper(
      String project, String zone, String instanceName, String cpuSeries, int coreCount, int memory)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // Construct the URI string identifying the machine type.
    String machineTypeUri = customMachineTypeUri(zone, cpuSeries, coreCount, memory);

    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {

      AttachedDisk attachedDisk = AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
          .setInitializeParams(
              // Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
              // The list of public images available in Compute Engine can be found here:
              // https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images#list_of_public_images_available_on
              AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                  .setSourceImage(
                      String.format("projects/%s/global/images/family/%s", "debian-cloud",
                          "debian-11"))
                  .setDiskSizeGb(10)
                  .build()
          )
          // Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
          // your VM instance.
          .setAutoDelete(true)
          .setBoot(true)
          .build();

      // Create the Instance object with the relevant information.
      Instance instance = Instance.newBuilder()
          .setName(instanceName)
          .addDisks(attachedDisk)
          .setMachineType(machineTypeUri)
          .addNetworkInterfaces(
              NetworkInterface.newBuilder().setName("global/networks/default").build())
          .build();

      // Create the insert instance request object.
      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instance)
          .build();

      // Invoke the API with the request object and wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = instancesClient.insertAsync(insertInstanceRequest)
          .get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      // Check for errors.
      if (response.hasError()) {
        throw new Error("Instance creation failed!!" + response);
      }
      System.out.printf("Instance created : %s", instanceName);
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());
    }
  }

  public static String customMachineTypeUri(String zone, String cpuSeries, int coreCount,
      int memory) {

    if (!Arrays.asList(CpuSeries.E2.cpuSeries, CpuSeries.N1.cpuSeries, CpuSeries.N2.cpuSeries,
        CpuSeries.N2D.cpuSeries).contains(cpuSeries)) {
      throw new Error(String.format("Incorrect cpu type: %s", cpuSeries));
    }

    TypeLimits typeLimit = Objects.requireNonNull(
        typeLimitsMap.get(CpuSeries.get(cpuSeries).name())).typeLimits;

    // Perform the following checks to verify if the requested parameters are allowed.
    // Find more information about limitations of custom machine types at:
    // https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#custom_machine_types

    // 1. Check the number of cores and if the coreCount is present in allowedCores.
    if (typeLimit.allowedCores.length > 0 && Arrays.stream(typeLimit.allowedCores)
        .noneMatch(x -> x == coreCount)) {
      throw new Error(String.format(
          "Invalid number of cores requested. "
              + "Number of cores requested for CPU %s should be one of: %s",
          cpuSeries,
          Arrays.toString(typeLimit.allowedCores)));
    }

    // 2. Memory must be a multiple of 256 MB
    if (memory % 256 != 0) {
      throw new Error("Requested memory must be a multiple of 256 MB");
    }

    // 3. Check if the requested memory isn't too little
    if (memory < coreCount * typeLimit.minMemPerCore) {
      throw new Error(
          String.format("Requested memory is too low. Minimum memory for %s is %s MB per core",
              cpuSeries, typeLimit.minMemPerCore));
    }

    // 4. Check if the requested memory isn't too much
    if (memory > coreCount * typeLimit.maxMemPerCore && !typeLimit.allowExtraMemory) {
      throw new Error(String.format(
          "Requested memory is too large.. Maximum memory allowed for %s is %s MB per core",
          cpuSeries, typeLimit.extraMemoryLimit));
    }

    // 5. Check if the requested memory isn't too large
    if (memory > typeLimit.extraMemoryLimit && typeLimit.allowExtraMemory) {
      throw new Error(
          String.format("Requested memory is too large.. Maximum memory allowed for %s is %s MB",
              cpuSeries, typeLimit.extraMemoryLimit));
    }

    // Check if the CPU Series is E2 and return the custom machine type in the form of a string
    // acceptable by Compute Engine API.
    if (Arrays.asList(CpuSeries.E2_SMALL.cpuSeries, CpuSeries.E2_MICRO.cpuSeries,
        CpuSeries.E2_MEDIUM.cpuSeries).contains(cpuSeries)) {
      return String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s-%s", zone, cpuSeries, memory);
    }

    // Check if extended memory was requested and return the extended custom machine type
    // in the form of a string acceptable by Compute Engine API.
    if (memory > coreCount * typeLimit.maxMemPerCore) {
      return String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s-%s-%s-ext", zone, cpuSeries, coreCount,
          memory);
    }

    // Return the custom machine type in the form of a standard string
    // acceptable by Compute Engine API.
    return String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s-%s-%s", zone, cpuSeries, coreCount, memory);
  }
}

Node.js

Prima di provare questo esempio, segui le istruzioni di configurazione di Node.js nella guida rapida di Compute Engine che utilizza le librerie client. Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta la documentazione di riferimento dell'API Compute Engine Node.js.

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const cpuSeries = 'N1';
// const coreCount = 2
// const memory = 256

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

function range(from, to, step) {
  return [...Array(Math.floor((to - from) / step) + 1)].map(
    (_, i) => from + i * step
  );
}

class CustomMachineType {
  constructor(zone, cpuSeries, coreCount, memory) {
    this.zone = zone;
    this.cpuSeries = cpuSeries;
    this.coreCount = coreCount;
    this.memory = memory;

    this.N1 = 'custom';
    this.N2 = 'n2-custom';
    this.N2D = 'n2d-custom';
    this.E2 = 'e2-custom';
    this.E2Micro = 'e2-custom-micro';
    this.E2Small = 'e2-custom-small';
    this.E2Medium = 'e2-custom-medium';

    this.CpuSeriesE2Limit = {
      allowedCores: range(2, 33, 2),
      minMemPerCore: 512,
      maxMemPerCore: 8192,
      allowExtraMemory: false,
      extraMemoryLimit: 0,
    };

    this.CpuSeriesE2MicroLimit = {
      allowedCores: [],
      minMemPerCore: 1024,
      maxMemPerCore: 2048,
      allowExtraMemory: false,
      extraMemoryLimit: 0,
    };

    this.CpuSeriesE2SmallLimit = {
      allowedCores: [],
      minMemPerCore: 2048,
      maxMemPerCore: 4096,
      allowExtraMemory: false,
      extraMemoryLimit: 0,
    };

    this.CpuSeriesE2MediumLimit = {
      allowedCores: [],
      minMemPerCore: 4096,
      maxMemPerCore: 8192,
      allowExtraMemory: false,
      extraMemoryLimit: 0,
    };

    this.CpuSeriesN2Limit = {
      allowedCores: [...range(2, 33, 2), ...range(36, 129, 4)],
      minMemPerCore: 512,
      maxMemPerCore: 8192,
      allowExtraMemory: true,
      extraMemoryLimit: 624 << 10,
    };

    this.CpuSeriesN2DLimit = {
      allowedCores: [2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96],
      minMemPerCore: 512,
      maxMemPerCore: 8192,
      allowExtraMemory: true,
      extraMemoryLimit: 768 << 10,
    };

    this.CpuSeriesN1Limit = {
      allowedCores: [1, range(2, 97, 2)],
      minMemPerCore: 922,
      maxMemPerCore: 6656,
      allowExtraMemory: true,
      extraMemoryLimit: 624 << 10,
    };

    this.TYPE_LIMITS = {
      [this.N1]: this.CpuSeriesN1Limit,
      [this.N2]: this.CpuSeriesN2Limit,
      [this.N2D]: this.CpuSeriesN2DLimit,
      [this.E2]: this.CpuSeriesE2Limit,
      [this.E2Micro]: this.CpuSeriesE2MicroLimit,
      [this.E2Small]: this.CpuSeriesE2SmallLimit,
      [this.E2Medium]: this.CpuSeriesE2MediumLimit,
    };

    if (![this.E2, this.N1, this.N2, this.N2D].includes(cpuSeries)) {
      throw new Error(`Incorrect CPU type: ${this.cpuSeries}`);
    }

    this.typeLimit = this.TYPE_LIMITS[this.cpuSeries];

    // Check whether the requested parameters are allowed.
    // Find more information about limitations of custom machine types at:
    // https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#custom_machine_types

    // Check the number of cores
    if (
      this.typeLimit.allowedCores.length > 0 &&
      !this.typeLimit.allowedCores.includes(coreCount)
    ) {
      throw new Error(
        `Invalid number of cores requested. Allowed number of cores for ${this.cpuSeries} is: ${this.typeLimit.allowedCores}`
      );
    }

    // Memory must be a multiple of 256 MB
    if (this.memory % 256 !== 0) {
      throw new Error('Requested memory must be a multiple of 256 MB');
    }

    // Check if the requested memory isn't too little
    if (this.memory < this.coreCount * this.typeLimit.minMemPerCore) {
      throw new Error(
        `Requested memory is too low. Minimal memory for ${this.cpuSeries} is ${this.typeLimit.minMemPerCore} MB per core`
      );
    }

    // Check if the requested memory isn't too much
    if (
      this.memory > this.coreCount * this.typeLimit.maxMemPerCore &&
      !this.typeLimit.allowExtraMemory
    ) {
      throw new Error(
        `Requested memory is too large.. Maximum memory allowed for ${this.cpuSeries} is ${this.typeLimit.maxMemPerCore} MB per core`
      );
    }

    if (
      this.memory > this.typeLimit.extraMemoryLimit &&
      this.typeLimit.allowExtraMemory
    ) {
      throw new Error(
        `Requested memory is too large.. Maximum memory allowed for ${this.cpuSeries} is ${this.typeLimit.extraMemoryLimit} MB`
      );
    }
  }

  // Returns the custom machine type in form of a string acceptable by Compute Engine API.
  getMachineTypeURI() {
    if (
      [this.E2Small, this.E2Micro, this.E2Medium].includes(this.cpuSeries)
    ) {
      return `zones/${this.zone}/machineTypes/${this.cpuSeries}-${this.memory}`;
    }

    if (this.memory > this.coreCount * this.typeLimit.maxMemPerCore) {
      return `zones/${this.zone}/machineTypes/${this.cpuSeries}-${this.coreCount}-${this.memory}-ext`;
    }

    return `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/${this.cpuSeries}-${this.coreCount}-${this.memory}`;
  }
}

async function createInstanceWithCustomMachineTypeWithHelper() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  const machineType = new CustomMachineType(
    zone,
    cpuSeries,
    coreCount,
    memory
  ).getMachineTypeURI();

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '64',
            sourceImage:
              'projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11/',
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
        },
      ],
      machineType,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          name: 'global/networks/default',
        },
      ],
    },
    project: projectId,
    zone,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstanceWithCustomMachineTypeWithHelper();

Python

Prima di provare questo esempio, segui le istruzioni di configurazione di Python nella guida rapida di Compute Engine che utilizza le librerie client. Per ulteriori informazioni, consulta la documentazione di riferimento dell'API Compute Engine Python.

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.

from __future__ import annotations

from collections import namedtuple
from enum import Enum
from enum import unique
import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def gb_to_mb(value: int) -> int:
    return value << 10


class CustomMachineType:
    """
    Allows to create custom machine types to be used with the VM instances.
    """

    @unique
    class CPUSeries(Enum):
        N1 = "custom"
        N2 = "n2-custom"
        N2D = "n2d-custom"
        E2 = "e2-custom"
        E2_MICRO = "e2-custom-micro"
        E2_SMALL = "e2-custom-small"
        E2_MEDIUM = "e2-custom-medium"

    TypeLimits = namedtuple(
        "TypeLimits",
        [
            "allowed_cores",
            "min_mem_per_core",
            "max_mem_per_core",
            "allow_extra_memory",
            "extra_memory_limit",
        ],
    )

    # The limits for various CPU types are described on:
    # https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines
    LIMITS = {
        CPUSeries.E2: TypeLimits(frozenset(range(2, 33, 2)), 512, 8192, False, 0),
        CPUSeries.E2_MICRO: TypeLimits(frozenset(), 1024, 2048, False, 0),
        CPUSeries.E2_SMALL: TypeLimits(frozenset(), 2048, 4096, False, 0),
        CPUSeries.E2_MEDIUM: TypeLimits(frozenset(), 4096, 8192, False, 0),
        CPUSeries.N2: TypeLimits(
            frozenset(range(2, 33, 2)).union(set(range(36, 129, 4))),
            512,
            8192,
            True,
            gb_to_mb(624),
        ),
        CPUSeries.N2D: TypeLimits(
            frozenset({2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96}), 512, 8192, True, gb_to_mb(768)
        ),
        CPUSeries.N1: TypeLimits(
            frozenset({1}.union(range(2, 97, 2))), 922, 6656, True, gb_to_mb(624)
        ),
    }

    def __init__(
        self, zone: str, cpu_series: CPUSeries, memory_mb: int, core_count: int = 0
    ):
        self.zone = zone
        self.cpu_series = cpu_series
        self.limits = self.LIMITS[self.cpu_series]
        # Shared machine types (e2-small, e2-medium and e2-micro) always have
        # 2 vCPUs: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#e2_limitations
        self.core_count = 2 if self.is_shared() else core_count
        self.memory_mb = memory_mb
        self._checked = False
        self._check_parameters()
        self.extra_memory_used = self._check_extra_memory()

    def is_shared(self):
        return self.cpu_series in (
            CustomMachineType.CPUSeries.E2_SMALL,
            CustomMachineType.CPUSeries.E2_MICRO,
            CustomMachineType.CPUSeries.E2_MEDIUM,
        )

    def _check_extra_memory(self) -> bool:
        if self._checked:
            return self.memory_mb > self.core_count * self.limits.max_mem_per_core
        else:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "You need to call _check_parameters() before calling _check_extra_memory()"
            )

    def _check_parameters(self):
        """
        Check whether the requested parameters are allowed. Find more information about limitations of custom machine
        types at: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#custom_machine_types
        """
        # Check the number of cores
        if (
            self.limits.allowed_cores
            and self.core_count not in self.limits.allowed_cores
        ):
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Invalid number of cores requested. Allowed number of cores for {self.cpu_series.name} is: {sorted(self.limits.allowed_cores)}"
            )

        # Memory must be a multiple of 256 MB
        if self.memory_mb % 256 != 0:
            raise RuntimeError("Requested memory must be a multiple of 256 MB.")

        # Check if the requested memory isn't too little
        if self.memory_mb < self.core_count * self.limits.min_mem_per_core:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Requested memory is too low. Minimal memory for {self.cpu_series.name} is {self.limits.min_mem_per_core} MB per core."
            )

        # Check if the requested memory isn't too much
        if self.memory_mb > self.core_count * self.limits.max_mem_per_core:
            if self.limits.allow_extra_memory:
                if self.memory_mb > self.limits.extra_memory_limit:
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        f"Requested memory is too large.. Maximum memory allowed for {self.cpu_series.name} is {self.limits.extra_memory_limit} MB."
                    )
            else:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    f"Requested memory is too large.. Maximum memory allowed for {self.cpu_series.name} is {self.limits.max_mem_per_core} MB per core."
                )

        self._checked = True

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        """
        Return the custom machine type in form of a string acceptable by Compute Engine API.
        """
        if self.cpu_series in {
            self.CPUSeries.E2_SMALL,
            self.CPUSeries.E2_MICRO,
            self.CPUSeries.E2_MEDIUM,
        }:
            return f"zones/{self.zone}/machineTypes/{self.cpu_series.value}-{self.memory_mb}"

        if self.extra_memory_used:
            return f"zones/{self.zone}/machineTypes/{self.cpu_series.value}-{self.core_count}-{self.memory_mb}-ext"

        return f"zones/{self.zone}/machineTypes/{self.cpu_series.value}-{self.core_count}-{self.memory_mb}"

    def short_type_str(self) -> str:
        """
        Return machine type in a format without the zone. For example, n2-custom-0-10240.
        This format is used to create instance templates.
        """
        return str(self).rsplit("/", maxsplit=1)[1]

    @classmethod
    def from_str(cls, machine_type: str):
        """
        Construct a new object from a string. The string needs to be a valid custom machine type like:
         - https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/diregapic-mestiv/zones/us-central1-b/machineTypes/e2-custom-4-8192
         - zones/us-central1-b/machineTypes/e2-custom-4-8192
         - e2-custom-4-8192 (in this case, the zone parameter will not be set)
        """
        zone = None
        if machine_type.startswith("http"):
            machine_type = machine_type[machine_type.find("zones/") :]

        if machine_type.startswith("zones/"):
            _, zone, _, machine_type = machine_type.split("/")

        extra_mem = machine_type.endswith("-ext")

        if machine_type.startswith("custom"):
            cpu = cls.CPUSeries.N1
            _, cores, memory = machine_type.rsplit("-", maxsplit=2)
        else:
            if extra_mem:
                cpu_series, _, cores, memory, _ = machine_type.split("-")
            else:
                cpu_series, _, cores, memory = machine_type.split("-")
            if cpu_series == "n2":
                cpu = cls.CPUSeries.N2
            elif cpu_series == "n2d":
                cpu = cls.CPUSeries.N2D
            elif cpu_series == "e2":
                cpu = cls.CPUSeries.E2
                if cores == "micro":
                    cpu = cls.CPUSeries.E2_MICRO
                    cores = 2
                elif cores == "small":
                    cpu = cls.CPUSeries.E2_SMALL
                    cores = 2
                elif cores == "medium":
                    cpu = cls.CPUSeries.E2_MEDIUM
                    cores = 2
            else:
                raise RuntimeError("Unknown CPU series.")

        cores = int(cores)
        memory = int(memory)

        return cls(zone, cpu, memory, cores)


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)


def create_custom_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    cpu_series: CustomMachineType.CPUSeries,
    core_count: int,
    memory: int,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Create a new VM instance with a custom machine type.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        cpu_series: the type of CPU you want to use. Select one value from the CustomMachineType.CPUSeries enum.
            For example: CustomMachineType.CPUSeries.N2
        core_count: number of CPU cores you want to use.
        memory: the amount of memory for the VM instance, in megabytes.

    Return:
        Instance object.
    """
    assert cpu_series in (
        CustomMachineType.CPUSeries.E2,
        CustomMachineType.CPUSeries.N1,
        CustomMachineType.CPUSeries.N2,
        CustomMachineType.CPUSeries.N2D,
    )
    custom_type = CustomMachineType(zone, cpu_series, memory, core_count)

    newest_debian = get_image_from_family(project="debian-cloud", family="debian-12")
    disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
    disks = [disk_from_image(disk_type, 10, True, newest_debian.self_link)]

    return create_instance(project_id, zone, instance_name, disks, str(custom_type))

REST

Utilizzando il metodo instances.insert, costruisci una richiesta di creazione dell'istanza e specifica i valori personalizzati machineType. Specifica la memoria in MB.

Per le serie di macchine N1, inizia con personalizzata.
Per il core E2 condiviso, NUMBER_OF_CPUs è micro, small o medium.
Per attivare la memoria estesa, includi -ext alla fine del tipo di macchina.

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

Esempio di corpo della richiesta

      {
    "name": "exampleinstance",
    "machineType": "zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/n2-custom-16-107520",
    "disks": [
      {
        "boot": true,
        "diskSizeGb": 10,
        "initializeParams": {
          "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11"
        }
      }
    ],
    "networkInterfaces": [
      {
        "network": "global/networks/default"
      }
    ]
  }
```

Analogamente, puoi creare istanze prerilasciabili e gruppi di istanze con tipi di macchine personalizzate.

Aggiungere memoria estesa durante la creazione dell'istanza

Per creare un'istanza VM con memoria estesa:

Console

Nella console Google Cloud, vai alla pagina Crea un'istanza.

Vai a Crea un'istanza
Nell'elenco Zona, seleziona la zona in cui vuoi ospitare questa VM. L'elenco Serie viene filtrato in modo da includere solo le famiglie di tipo di macchina disponibile nella zona selezionata.
Nella sezione Configurazione macchina, seleziona General purpose.
1. Nell'elenco Serie, seleziona N4, N2, N2D, E2 o N1 per creare un tipo di macchina personalizzata.
2. Per specificare il numero di vCPU, trascina il dispositivo di scorrimento Core o inserisci il valore nel campo. Per E2 con core condivisi, seleziona la casella.
3. Per aggiungere memoria estesa, seleziona Estendi memoria. Per specificare la quantità di memoria per il tipo di macchina, trascina il cursore Memoria o inserisci il valore nel campo. La console mostra un costo stimato per la VM man mano che modifichi la quantità di vCPU e memoria.
Continua a creare la VM.

gcloud

Crea una macchina personalizzata utilizzando il comando gcloud compute instances create con l'opzione --machine-type.

  gcloud compute instances create  INSTANCE_NAME\
    --machine-type=MACHINE_TYPE-NUMBER_OF_VCPUS-AMOUNT_OF_MEMORY_MB

Sostituisci quanto segue:

INSTANCE_NAME: nome dell'istanza
MACHINE_TYPE: tipo di macchina, ad esempio N2
NUMBER_OF_VCPUS: numero di vCPU
AMOUNT_OF_MEMORY_MB: quantità di memoria in MB o GB

Ecco un esempio di utilizzo di un tipo di macchina N2 con 48 vCPU e 310 GB di memoria nella zona us-central1-a:

  gcloud compute instances create example-instance \
    --zone=us-central1-a --machine-type=n2-custom-48-317440

Per i tipi di macchine E2 con core condivisi personalizzati, utilizza l'opzione --machine-type, indica il tipo di macchina: micro, small o medium e inserisci la quantità di memoria in MB o GB.

Vai

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstanceWithExtraMemWithoutHelper сreates new VM instances with extra memory
// without using a CustomMachineType struct.
func createInstanceWithExtraMemWithoutHelper(
	w io.Writer,
	projectID, zone, instanceName, cpuSeries string,
	coreCount, memory int,
) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// cpuSeries := "N1"
	// coreCount := 2 // number of CPU cores you want to use.
	// memory := 256 // the amount of memory for the VM instance, in megabytes.

	// The coreCount and memory values are not validated anywhere and can be rejected by the API.

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	mt := fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/%v-%v-%v-ext", zone, cpuSeries, coreCount, memory)
	inst := &computepb.Instance{
		Name: proto.String(instanceName),
		Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
			{
				InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
					DiskSizeGb: proto.Int64(10),
					SourceImage: proto.String(
						"projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-12",
					),
				},
				AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
				Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
			},
		},
		MachineType: proto.String(mt),
		NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
			{
				Name: proto.String("global/networks/default"),
			},
		},
	}

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project:          projectID,
		Zone:             zone,
		InstanceResource: inst,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.


import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class ExtraMemoryWithoutHelper {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    // Project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
    String projectId = "your-google-cloud-project-id";
    // Name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b".
    String zone = "google-cloud-zone";
    // Name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    String cpuSeries = "N1";
    // Number of CPU cores you want to use.
    int coreCount = 2;
    // The amount of memory for the VM instance, in megabytes.
    int memory = 256;

    createInstanceWithExtraMemoryWithoutHelper(projectId, zone, instanceName, cpuSeries, coreCount,
        memory);
  }

  // Create VM instances with extra memory without using a CustomMachineType class and
  // return the created Instance.
  public static void createInstanceWithExtraMemoryWithoutHelper(
      String project, String zone, String instanceName, String cpuSeries, int coreCount, int memory)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {

      // The coreCount and memory values are not validated anywhere and can be rejected by the API.
      String machineType = String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s-%s-%s-ext", zone, cpuSeries,
          coreCount, memory);

      AttachedDisk attachedDisk = AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
          .setInitializeParams(
              // Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
              // The list of public images available in Compute Engine can be found here:
              // https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images#list_of_public_images_available_on
              AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                  .setSourceImage(
                      String.format("projects/%s/global/images/family/%s", "debian-cloud",
                          "debian-11"))
                  .setDiskSizeGb(10)
                  .build()
          )
          // Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
          // your VM instance.
          .setAutoDelete(true)
          .setBoot(true)
          .build();

      // Create the Instance object with the relevant information.
      Instance instance = Instance.newBuilder()
          .setName(instanceName)
          .addDisks(attachedDisk)
          .setMachineType(machineType)
          .addNetworkInterfaces(
              NetworkInterface.newBuilder().setName("global/networks/default").build())
          .build();

      // Create the insert instance request object.
      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instance)
          .build();

      // Invoke the API with the request object and wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = instancesClient.insertAsync(insertInstanceRequest)
          .get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      // Check for errors.
      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation failed!!" + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out.printf("Instance created : %s", instanceName);
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const cpuSeries = 'N1';
// const coreCount = 2
// const memory = 256

// The coreCount and memory values are not validated anywhere and can be rejected by the API.

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

async function createInstanceWithExtraMemWithoutHelper() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  const machineType = `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/${cpuSeries}-${coreCount}-${memory}-ext`;

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '64',
            sourceImage:
              'projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11/',
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
        },
      ],
      machineType,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          name: 'global/networks/default',
        },
      ],
    },
    project: projectId,
    zone,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstanceWithExtraMemWithoutHelper();

Python

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)


def create_custom_instances_extra_mem(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str, core_count: int, memory: int
) -> list[compute_v1.Instance]:
    """
    Create 3 new VM instances with extra memory without using a CustomMachineType helper class.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        core_count: number of CPU cores you want to use.
        memory: the amount of memory for the VM instance, in megabytes.

    Returns:
        List of Instance objects.
    """
    newest_debian = get_image_from_family(project="debian-cloud", family="debian-12")
    disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
    disks = [disk_from_image(disk_type, 10, True, newest_debian.self_link)]
    # The core_count and memory values are not validated anywhere and can be rejected by the API.
    instances = [
        create_instance(
            project_id,
            zone,
            f"{instance_name}_n1_extra_mem",
            disks,
            f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/custom-{core_count}-{memory}-ext",
        ),
        create_instance(
            project_id,
            zone,
            f"{instance_name}_n2_extra_mem",
            disks,
            f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/n2-custom-{core_count}-{memory}-ext",
        ),
        create_instance(
            project_id,
            zone,
            f"{instance_name}_n2d_extra_mem",
            disks,
            f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/n2d-custom-{core_count}-{memory}-ext",
        ),
    ]
    return instances

REST

Utilizzando il metodo instances.insert, costruisci la richiesta di creazione dell'istanza come faresti per creare un'istanza con memoria personalizzata. Includi -ext, che indica la memoria estesa, quando specifichi i valori machineType:

Per tutti i tipi di macchine personalizzate, aggiungi -ext per estendere la memoria fino al limite descritto dalla famiglia di macchine in questione.
E2 con core condivisi, specifica micro, small o medium.

        zones/ZONE/machineTypes//MACHINE_TYPE-NUMBER_OF_CPUS-AMOUNT_OF_MEMORY-ext

Sostituisci quanto segue:

ZONE: posizione della macchina
MACHINE_TYPE: tipo di macchina, ad esempio N2 o E2 small
NUMBER_OF_CPUS: numero di vCPU
AMOUNT_OF_MEMORY_MB: quantità di memoria in MB

Ad esempio, il codice seguente specifica un tipo di macchina N2 con 2 vCPU e 20 GB di memoria. Tieni presente che devi convertire la memoria in MB:

zones/ZONE/machineTypes/n2-custom-2-20480-ext

Aggiungere memoria estesa a un'istanza VM esistente

Per aggiungere altra memoria a un'istanza esistente, devi prima arrestarla. Dopo l'arresto dell'istanza, completa i passaggi seguenti per aggiungere altra memoria alla VM.

Console

Nella console Google Cloud, vai alla pagina Istanze VM.

Vai a Istanze VM
Scegli la VM interrotta che vuoi modificare dall'elenco delle VM.
Fai clic su Modifica nella parte superiore della pagina.
In Configurazione macchina, seleziona General purpose.
Nella sezione Tipo di macchina, seleziona Personalizzata.
Seleziona il numero di vCPU che ti interessano.
Per aggiungere memoria estesa, seleziona Espandi memoria e specifica la quantità di memoria che ti serve.
Salva le modifiche.

gcloud

Utilizza il comando gcloud compute instances stop per interrompere la VM. Quindi, utilizza il comando gcloud compute instances set-machine-type con le opzioni --custom-memory e --custom-extensions per modificare le risorse della macchina.

Salva le modifiche e riavvia la VM.

Vai

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"strings"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// modifyInstanceWithExtendedMemory sends an instance creation request
// to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
func modifyInstanceWithExtendedMemory(
	w io.Writer,
	projectID, zone, instanceName string,
	newMemory int,
) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// newMemory := 256 // the amount of memory for the VM instance, in megabytes.

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	reqInstance := &computepb.GetInstanceRequest{
		Project:  projectID,
		Zone:     zone,
		Instance: instanceName,
	}

	instance, err := instancesClient.Get(ctx, reqInstance)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get instance: %w", err)
	}

	containsString := func(s []string, str string) bool {
		for _, v := range s {
			if v == str {
				return true
			}
		}

		return false
	}

	if !(strings.Contains(instance.GetMachineType(), "machineTypes/n1-") ||
		strings.Contains(instance.GetMachineType(), "machineTypes/n2-") ||
		strings.Contains(instance.GetMachineType(), "machineTypes/n2d-")) {
		return fmt.Errorf("extra memory is available only for N1, N2 and N2D CPUs")
	}

	// Make sure that the machine is turned off
	if !containsString([]string{"TERMINATED", "STOPPED"}, instance.GetStatus()) {
		reqStop := &computepb.StopInstanceRequest{
			Project:  projectID,
			Zone:     zone,
			Instance: instanceName,
		}

		op, err := instancesClient.Stop(ctx, reqStop)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to stop instance: %w", err)
		}

		if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
		}
	}

	// Modify the machine definition, remember that extended memory
	// is available only for N1, N2 and N2D CPUs
	machineType := instance.GetMachineType()
	start := machineType[:strings.LastIndex(machineType, "-")]

	updateReq := &computepb.SetMachineTypeInstanceRequest{
		Project:  projectID,
		Zone:     zone,
		Instance: instanceName,
		InstancesSetMachineTypeRequestResource: &computepb.InstancesSetMachineTypeRequest{
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("%s-%v-ext", start, newMemory)),
		},
	}
	op, err := instancesClient.SetMachineType(ctx, updateReq)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to update instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance updated\n")

	return nil

}

Java

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.


import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.GetInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance.Status;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesSetMachineTypeRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.SetMachineTypeInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.StopInstanceRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class UpdateMemory {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    // Project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
    String projectId = "your-google-cloud-project-id";
    // Name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b".
    String zone = "google-cloud-zone";
    // Name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    // The amount of memory for the VM instance, in megabytes.
    int newMemory = 256;

    modifyInstanceWithExtendedMemory(projectId, zone, instanceName, newMemory);
  }

  // Modify an existing VM to use extended memory and return the modified Instance.
  public static void modifyInstanceWithExtendedMemory(
      String project, String zone, String instanceName, int newMemory)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {

      // Create the get instance request object.
      GetInstanceRequest getInstanceRequest = GetInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstance(instanceName)
          .build();

      Instance instance = instancesClient.get(getInstanceRequest);

      // Check the machine type.
      if (!(instance.getMachineType().contains("machineTypes/n1-")
          || instance.getMachineType().contains("machineTypes/n2-")
          || instance.getMachineType().contains("machineTypes/n2d-"))) {
        System.out.println("extra memory is available only for N1, N2 and N2D CPUs");
        return;
      }

      // Make sure that the machine is turned off.
      if (!(instance.getStatus().equals(Status.TERMINATED.toString())
          || instance.getStatus().equals(Status.STOPPED.toString()))) {

        StopInstanceRequest stopInstanceRequest = StopInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
            .setProject(project)
            .setZone(zone)
            .setInstance(instanceName)
            .build();

        OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.stopAsync(
            stopInstanceRequest);
        Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
        if (response.hasError()) {
          System.out.printf("Unable to stop instance %s", response.getError());
          return;
        }
      }

      // Modify the machine definition. Note that extended memory
      // is available only for N1, N2 and N2D CPUs.
      String machineType = instance.getMachineType();
      String start = machineType.substring(0, machineType.lastIndexOf("-"));

      // Create the machine type instance request object.
      SetMachineTypeInstanceRequest setMachineTypeInstanceRequest =
          SetMachineTypeInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
              .setProject(project)
              .setZone(zone)
              .setInstance(instanceName)
              .setInstancesSetMachineTypeRequestResource(InstancesSetMachineTypeRequest.newBuilder()
                  .setMachineType(String.format("%s-%d-ext", start, newMemory))
                  .build())
              .build();

      // Invoke the API with the request object and wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = instancesClient.setMachineTypeAsync(setMachineTypeInstanceRequest)
          .get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      // Check for errors.
      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.printf("Unable to update instance %s", response.getError());
        return;
      }
      System.out.println("Instance updated!");
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const newMemory = 256;

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

async function modifyInstanceWithExtendedMemory() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  const [instance] = await instancesClient.get({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instance: instanceName,
  });

  if (
    !['machineTypes/n1-', 'machineTypes/n2-', 'machineTypes/n2d-'].some(
      type => instance.machineType.includes(type)
    )
  ) {
    throw new Error('extra memory is available only for N1, N2 and N2D CPUs');
  }

  // Make sure that the machine is turned off
  if (!['TERMINATED', 'STOPPED'].some(status => instance.status === status)) {
    const [response] = await instancesClient.stop({
      project: projectId,
      zone,
      instance: instanceName,
    });

    let operation = response.latestResponse;
    const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

    // Wait for the stop operation to complete.
    while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
      [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
        operation: operation.name,
        project: projectId,
        zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
      });
    }
  }

  // Modify the machine definition, remember that extended memory
  // is available only for N1, N2 and N2D CPUs

  const start = instance.machineType.substring(
    0,
    instance.machineType.lastIndexOf('-')
  );

  const [response] = await instancesClient.setMachineType({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instance: instanceName,
    instancesSetMachineTypeRequestResource: {
      machineType: `${start}-${newMemory}-ext`,
    },
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the update operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance updated.');
}

modifyInstanceWithExtendedMemory();

Python

Per autenticarti a Compute Engine, configura le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta Configurare l'autenticazione per un ambiente di sviluppo locale.

from __future__ import annotations

import sys
import time
from typing import Any

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def add_extended_memory_to_instance(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str, new_memory: int
):
    """
    Modify an existing VM to use extended memory.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        new_memory: the amount of memory for the VM instance, in megabytes.

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()
    instance = instance_client.get(
        project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name
    )

    if not (
        "n1-" in instance.machine_type
        or "n2-" in instance.machine_type
        or "n2d-" in instance.machine_type
    ):
        raise RuntimeError("Extra memory is available only for N1, N2 and N2D CPUs.")

    # Make sure that the machine is turned off
    if instance.status not in (
        instance.Status.TERMINATED.name,
        instance.Status.STOPPED.name,
    ):
        operation = instance_client.stop(
            project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name
        )
        wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance stopping")
        start = time.time()
        while instance.status not in (
            instance.Status.TERMINATED.name,
            instance.Status.STOPPED.name,
        ):
            # Waiting for the instance to be turned off.
            instance = instance_client.get(
                project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name
            )
            time.sleep(2)
            if time.time() - start >= 300:  # 5 minutes
                raise TimeoutError()

    # Modify the machine definition, remember that extended memory is available only for N1, N2 and N2D CPUs
    start, end = instance.machine_type.rsplit("-", maxsplit=1)
    instance.machine_type = start + f"-{new_memory}-ext"
    # TODO: If you prefer to use the CustomMachineType helper class, uncomment this code and comment the 2 lines above
    # Using CustomMachineType helper
    # cmt = CustomMachineType.from_str(instance.machine_type)
    # cmt.memory_mb = new_memory
    # cmt.extra_memory_used = True
    # instance.machine_type = str(cmt)
    operation = instance_client.update(
        project=project_id,
        zone=zone,
        instance=instance_name,
        instance_resource=instance,
    )
    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance update")

    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)

REST

Utilizza il metodo instances.stop, quindi il metodo instances.setMachineType per modificare le risorse del tipo di macchina.

Dopo aver interrotto l'istanza, modifica l'opzione machineTypes con le modifiche.

{

"name": "INSTANCE_NAME", "machineType": "zones/ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",

... }

Sostituisci quanto segue:

+ INSTANCE_NAME: The name of the VM
+ ZONE: The zone where your VMs reside
+ MACHINE_TYPE: The name of the VM

Passaggi successivi

Scopri di più sulle famiglie di macchine.
Dopo aver creato una VM, segui un tutorial per iniziare a utilizzare un'istanza VM.
Scopri come connetterti all'istanza VM.

Creare una VM con un tipo di macchina personalizzata

Prima di iniziare

Console

gcloud

Terraform

Vai

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

REST

Ruoli obbligatori

Autorizzazioni obbligatorie

Limitazioni

Prezzi tipo di macchina personalizzate

Prezzi della memoria estesa

Aggiungere memoria estesa a un tipo di macchina

Determina se hai bisogno di memoria estesa

Indica la memoria in GB o MB

Creare una VM con un tipo di macchina personalizzata

Console

gcloud

Terraform

Vai

Java

Node.js

Python

REST

Aggiungere memoria estesa durante la creazione dell'istanza

Console

gcloud

Vai

Java

Node.js

Python

REST

Aggiungere memoria estesa a un'istanza VM esistente

Console

gcloud

Vai

Java

Node.js

Python

REST

Passaggi successivi