创建并启动 Compute Engine 实例

---

本文档介绍了如何使用启动磁盘映像、启动磁盘快照或容器映像创建虚拟机 (VM) 实例或裸金属实例。某些映像支持安全强化型虚拟机功能，这些功能提供了诸多安全功能，例如符合 UEFI 标准的固件、安全启动以及受 vTPM 保护的测量启动。在安全强化型虚拟机上，vTPM 和完整性监控默认处于启用状态。

创建计算实例时，您可以为其创建一个或多个磁盘。您也可以在创建实例后为其添加更多磁盘。在您创建实例后，Compute Engine 会自动将其启动。如需创建启动磁盘在两个可用区之间同步复制的实例，请参阅使用区域级启动磁盘创建新虚拟机。

创建计算实例时，您还可以添加多个网络接口。为了缓解互联网对实例造成的威胁风险，您可以在向实例添加网络接口时省略外部 IP 地址。在这种情况下，除非您配置了 Cloud NAT，否则只能从同一 VPC 网络或关联网络中的其他计算实例访问该实例。

如果您是首次创建计算实例，请参阅快速入门：使用 Linux 虚拟机或快速入门：使用 Windows Server 虚拟机。

如需了解更具体或更复杂的 Compute Engine 实例创建，请参阅以下资源：

• 创建使用用户管理的服务账号的虚拟机。
• 创建 Windows Server 实例。
• 创建 SQL Server 实例。
• 在单租户节点上创建实例。
• 使用自定义主机名创建虚拟机实例。
• 创建使用 gVNIC 网络接口的虚拟机实例。
• 创建挂接 GPU 的虚拟机实例。
• 使用高性能计算 (HPC) 映像创建虚拟机实例。
• 批量创建虚拟机。
• 使用附加的实例时间表创建虚拟机实例。
• 创建一个托管式实例组 (MIG)。
• 创建机密虚拟机实例。
• 预留实例和使用预留实例。
• 配置具有较高带宽的虚拟机实例。

如果自带现有许可，请参阅自带许可。

准备工作

• 使用 Google Cloud CLI 或 REST 通过映像或磁盘创建计算实例时，每秒不能超过 20 个实例。如果您需要每秒创建更多的实例，请为映像资源申请更高的配额限制。
• 如果您尚未设置身份验证，请进行设置。身份验证是通过其进行身份验证以访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 的过程。如需从本地开发环境运行代码或示例，您可以选择以下任一选项向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证：
  

  Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

  Console

  When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.

  gcloud

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:

     gcloud init

     Note: If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running gcloud components update.
  2. Set a default region and zone.

  Terraform

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Terraform 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  C#

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 .NET 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  Go

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Go 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  Java

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Java 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  Node.js

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Node.js 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  PHP

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 PHP 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  Python

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Python 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  Ruby

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Ruby 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Set up authentication for a local development environment。

  REST

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 REST API 示例，请使用您提供给 gcloud CLI 的凭据。

  Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:

  gcloud init

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的使用 REST 时进行身份验证。

所需的角色

如需获得创建虚拟机所需的权限，请让您的管理员为您授予项目的 Compute Instance Admin (v1) (roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1) IAM 角色。如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

此预定义角色可提供创建虚拟机所需的权限。如需查看所需的确切权限，请展开所需权限部分：

所需权限

创建虚拟机需要以下权限：

• 针对项目的 compute.instances.create 权限
• 使用自定义映像创建虚拟机：针对映像的 compute.images.useReadOnly 权限
• 使用快照创建虚拟机：针对快照的 compute.snapshots.useReadOnly 权限
• 使用实例模板创建虚拟机：针对实例模板的 compute.instanceTemplates.useReadOnly 权限
• 为虚拟机分配旧版网络：针对项目的 compute.networks.use 权限
• 为虚拟机指定静态 IP 地址：针对项目的 compute.addresses.use 权限
• 使用旧版网络时为虚拟机分配外部 IP 地址：针对项目的 compute.networks.useExternalIp 权限
• 为虚拟机指定子网：针对项目或所选子网的 compute.subnetworks.use 权限
• 在使用 VPC 网络时为虚拟机分配外部 IP 地址：针对项目或所选子网的 compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp 权限
• 为虚拟机设置虚拟机实例元数据：针对项目的 compute.instances.setMetadata 权限
• 为虚拟机设置标记：针对虚拟机的 compute.instances.setTags 权限
• 为虚拟机设置标签：针对虚拟机的 compute.instances.setLabels 权限
• 为虚拟机设置要使用的服务账号：针对虚拟机的 compute.instances.setServiceAccount 权限
• 为虚拟机创建新磁盘：针对项目的 compute.disks.create 权限
• 以只读或读写模式挂接现有磁盘：针对磁盘的 compute.disks.use 权限
• 以只读模式挂接现有磁盘：针对磁盘的 compute.disks.useReadOnly 权限

您也可以使用自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取这些权限。

通过映像创建虚拟机实例

本部分介绍如何使用公共操作系统映像或自定义映像创建虚拟机。虚拟机包含引导加载程序、启动文件系统和操作系统映像。如果您要创建 Arm 虚拟机，请选择与 Arm 兼容的操作系统映像。

查看 Compute Engine 上的可用公共映像列表

在使用公共映像创建虚拟机之前，请先查看 Compute Engine 上的可用公共映像列表。

如需详细了解每个公共映像提供的功能，请参阅按操作系统提供功能支持。

控制台

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到映像页面。

   转到“映像”

gcloud

1. 运行以下命令：

   gcloud compute images list

2. 请记下映像或映像系列的名称以及包含该映像的项目的名称。

3. 可选：如需确定映像是否支持安全强化型虚拟机功能，请运行以下命令：

   gcloud compute images describe IMAGE_NAME \
       --project=IMAGE_PROJECT
   

   请替换以下内容：

   • IMAGE_NAME：要检查是否支持安全强化型虚拟机功能的映像的名称
   • IMAGE_PROJECT：包含映像的项目

   如果映像支持安全强化型虚拟机功能，则输出中会显示以下行：type: UEFI_COMPATIBLE。

C#

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 C# 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine C# API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

using Google.Cloud.Compute.V1;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class ListImagesAsyncSample
{
    public async Task ListImagesAsync(
        // TODO(developer): Set your own default values for these parameters or pass different values when calling this method.
        string projectId = "your-project-id")
    {
        // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
        // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
        ImagesClient client = await ImagesClient.CreateAsync();

        // Make the request to list all non-deprecated images in a project.
        ListImagesRequest request = new ListImagesRequest
        {
            Project = projectId,
            // Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
            Filter = "deprecated.state != DEPRECATED",
            // MaxResults indicates the maximum number of items that will be returned per page.
            MaxResults = 100
        };

        // Although the MaxResults parameter is specified in the request, the sequence returned
        // by the ListAsync() method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
        // requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
        await foreach (var image in client.ListAsync(request))
        {
            // The result is an Image collection.
            Console.WriteLine($"Image: {image.Name}");
        }
    }
}

Go

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Go 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// printImagesList prints a list of all non-deprecated image names available in given project.
func printImagesList(w io.Writer, projectID string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	ctx := context.Background()
	imagesClient, err := compute.NewImagesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewImagesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer imagesClient.Close()

	// Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
	req := &computepb.ListImagesRequest{
		Project:    projectID,
		MaxResults: proto.Uint32(3),
		Filter:     proto.String("deprecated.state != DEPRECATED"),
	}

	// Although the `MaxResults` parameter is specified in the request, the iterator returned
	// by the `list()` method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
	// requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
	it := imagesClient.List(ctx, req)
	for {
		image, err := it.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "- %s\n", image.GetName())
	}
	return nil
}

Java

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Java 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Image;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ImagesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ImagesClient.ListPage;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ListImagesRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
  // Prints a list of all non-deprecated image names available in given project.
  public static void listImages(String project) throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (ImagesClient imagesClient = ImagesClient.create()) {

      // Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
      ListImagesRequest imagesRequest = ListImagesRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setMaxResults(100)
          .setFilter("deprecated.state != DEPRECATED")
          .build();

      // Although the `setMaxResults` parameter is specified in the request, the iterable returned
      // by the `list()` method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
      // requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
      int imageCount = 0;
      for (Image image : imagesClient.list(imagesRequest).iterateAll()) {
        imageCount++;
        System.out.println(image.getName());
      }
      System.out.printf("Image count in %s is: %s", project, imageCount);
    }
  }

Node.js

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

async function listImages() {
  const imagesClient = new compute.ImagesClient();

  // Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
  const images = imagesClient.listAsync({
    project: projectId,
    maxResults: 3,
    filter: 'deprecated.state != DEPRECATED',
  });

  // Although the `maxResults` parameter is specified in the request, the iterable returned
  // by the `listAsync()` method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
  // requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
  for await (const image of images) {
    console.log(` - ${image.name}`);
  }
}

listImages();

PHP

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 PHP 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine PHP API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Client\ImagesClient;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\ListImagesRequest;

/**
 * Prints a list of all non-deprecated image names available in given project.
 *
 * @param string $projectId Project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to list images from.
 *
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ApiException if the remote call fails.
 */
function list_all_images(string $projectId)
{
    $imagesClient = new ImagesClient();
    // Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
    $optionalArgs = ['maxResults' => 100, 'filter' => 'deprecated.state != DEPRECATED'];

    /**
     * Although the maxResults parameter is specified in the request, the iterateAllElements() method
     * hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple requests to the API for you,
     * so you can simply iterate over all the images.
     */
    $request = (new ListImagesRequest())
        ->setProject($projectId)
        ->setMaxResults($optionalArgs['maxResults'])
        ->setFilter($optionalArgs['filter']);
    $pagedResponse = $imagesClient->list($request);
    print('=================== Flat list of images ===================' . PHP_EOL);
    foreach ($pagedResponse->iterateAllElements() as $element) {
        printf(' - %s' . PHP_EOL, $element->getName());
    }
}

Python

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Python 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import google.cloud.compute_v1 as compute_v1

def print_images_list(project: str) -> str:
    """
    Prints a list of all non-deprecated image names available in given project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to list images from.

    Returns:
        The output as a string.
    """
    images_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
    images_list_request = compute_v1.ListImagesRequest(
        project=project, max_results=100, filter="deprecated.state != DEPRECATED"
    )
    output = []

    # Although the `max_results` parameter is specified in the request, the iterable returned
    # by the `list()` method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
    # requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
    for img in images_client.list(request=images_list_request):
        print(f" -  {img.name}")
        output.append(f" -  {img.name}")
    return "\n".join(output)

Ruby

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Ruby 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

require "google/cloud/compute/v1"

# Prints a list of all non-deprecated image names available in given project.
#
# @param [String] project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to list images from.
def print_images_list project:
  client = ::Google::Cloud::Compute::V1::Images::Rest::Client.new

  # Make the request to list all non-deprecated images in a project.
  request = {
    project: project,
    # max_results indicates the maximum number of items that will be returned per page.
    max_results: 100,
    # Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
    filter: "deprecated.state != DEPRECATED"
  }

  # Although the `max_results` parameter is specified in the request, the iterable returned
  # by the `list` method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
  # requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
  client.list(request).each do |image|
    puts " - #{image.name}"
  end
end

REST

1. 运行以下命令：

   GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/
   

2. 请记下映像或映像系列的名称以及包含该映像的项目的名称。

3. 可选：如需确定映像是否支持安全强化型虚拟机功能，请运行以下命令：

   GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE_NAME
   

   请替换以下内容：

   • IMAGE_PROJECT：包含映像的项目
   • IMAGE_NAME：要检查是否支持安全强化型虚拟机功能的映像的名称

   如果映像支持安全强化型虚拟机功能，则输出中会显示以下行：type: UEFI_COMPATIBLE。

通过公共映像创建虚拟机实例

Google、开源社区及第三方供应商会提供和维护公共操作系统映像。默认情况下，所有 Google Cloud 项目都可以从公共操作系统映像创建虚拟机。但是，如果 Google Cloud 项目有一个定义的可信映像列表，则您只能使用该列表中的映像来创建虚拟机。

如果您使用本地 SSD 创建安全强化型虚拟机映像，则无法通过完整性监控或虚拟可信平台模块 (vTPM) 防护数据。

控制台

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到虚拟机实例页面。

   转到虚拟机实例

2. 选择您的项目并点击继续。

3. 点击创建实例。

4. 为您的虚拟机指定名称。如需了解详情，请参阅资源命名惯例。

5. 可选操作：更改此虚拟机的可用区。如果您选择任意，Google 会根据机器类型和可用性为您自动选择可用区。

6. 为您的虚拟机选择机器配置。

7. 在启动磁盘部分，点击更改，然后执行以下操作：

   1. 在公共映像标签页中，选择以下内容：
      • 操作系统
      • 操作系统版本
      • 启动磁盘类型
      • 启动磁盘大小
   2. 可选：对于高级配置选项，点击显示高级配置。
   3. 如需确认您的启动磁盘选项，请点击选择。
   注意：除非您明确选择其他启动磁盘，否则如果新虚拟机的名称与现有永久性磁盘的名称匹配，则现有永久性磁盘会自动挂接到新虚拟机作为启动磁盘。

8. 在防火墙部分中，如需允许 HTTP 或 HTTPS 流量流向虚拟机，请选择允许 HTTP 流量或允许 HTTPS 流量。选择其中一项后，Compute Engine 会向您的虚拟机添加一个网络标记，以将防火墙规则与该虚拟机相关联。然后，Compute Engine 会创建相应的入站流量防火墙规则，以允许 tcp:80 (HTTP) 或 tcp:443 (HTTPS) 上的所有传入流量。

9. 可选操作：如果您选择了支持安全强化型虚拟机功能的操作系统映像，则可以修改安全强化型虚拟机设置：如需修改安全强化型虚拟机设置，请展开高级选项部分中的安全部分，然后根据需要执行以下操作：

   • 如需开启安全启动，请选择开启安全启动。“安全启动”默认处于停用状态。

   • 如需关闭 vTPM，请清除开启 vTPM 复选框。vTPM 默认处于启用状态。停用 vTPM 的同时还会停用完整性监控，因为完整性监控依赖于测量启动收集的数据。

   • 如需关闭完整性监控，请清除开启完整性监控复选框。完整性监控默认处于启用状态。

10. 要创建并启动该虚拟机，请点击创建。

gcloud

1. 选择公共映像。请记下映像或映像系列的名称以及包含该映像的项目的名称。

2. 使用 gcloud compute instances create 命令从映像系列或操作系统映像的特定版本创建虚拟机。

   如果您指定可选的 --shielded-secure-boot 标志，则 Compute Engine 会创建一个启用了以下所有三项安全强化型虚拟机功能的虚拟机：

   • 虚拟可信平台模块 (vTPM)
   • 完整性监控
   • 安全启动

   在 Compute Engine 启动您的虚拟机后，您必须停止该虚拟机以修改安全强化型虚拟机选项。

   gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
       --zone=ZONE \
       [--image=IMAGE | --image-family=IMAGE_FAMILY] \
       --image-project=IMAGE_PROJECT \
       --machine-type=MACHINE_TYPE

   请替换以下内容：

   • VM_NAME：新虚拟机的名称
   • ZONE：要在其中创建实例的可用区

   • IMAGE 或 IMAGE_FAMILY：指定以下其中一项：

     • IMAGE：公共映像的特定版本

       例如 --image=debian-10-buster-v20200309。

     • IMAGE_FAMILY：映像系列。

       此项表示通过最新的未弃用的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。例如，如果您指定 --image-family=debian-10，则 Compute Engine 会通过 Debian 10 映像系列中最新版本的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。

   • IMAGE_PROJECT：包含映像的项目

   • MACHINE_TYPE：新虚拟机的预定义或自定义机器类型

     如需获取可用区中可用的机器类型列表，请使用带有 --zones 标志的 gcloud compute machine-types list 命令。

3. 验证 Compute Engine 是否已创建该虚拟机：

   gcloud compute instances describe VM_NAME
   

   将 VM_NAME 替换为虚拟机名称。

Terraform

如需创建虚拟机，您可以使用 google_compute_instance 资源。

# Create a VM instance from a public image
# in the `default` VPC network and subnet

resource "google_compute_instance" "default" {
  name         = "my-vm"
  machine_type = "n1-standard-1"
  zone         = "us-central1-a"

  boot_disk {
    initialize_params {
      image = "ubuntu-minimal-2210-kinetic-amd64-v20230126"
    }
  }

  network_interface {
    network = "default"
    access_config {}
  }
}

如需了解如何应用或移除 Terraform 配置，请参阅基本 Terraform 命令。

如需生成 Terraform 代码，您可以使用 Google Cloud 控制台中的等效代码组件。

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到虚拟机实例页面。

   转到“虚拟机实例”

2. 点击创建实例。
3. 指定所需的参数。
4. 在页面顶部或底部，点击等效代码，然后点击 Terraform 标签页以查看 Terraform 代码。

C#

C#

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 C# 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine C# API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

using Google.Cloud.Compute.V1;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class CreateInstanceAsyncSample
{
    public async Task CreateInstanceAsync(
        // TODO(developer): Set your own default values for these parameters or pass different values when calling this method.
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string zone = "us-central1-a",
        string machineName = "test-machine",
        string machineType = "n1-standard-1",
        string diskImage = "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-12",
        long diskSizeGb = 10,
        string networkName = "default")
    {
        Instance instance = new Instance
        {
            Name = machineName,
            // See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/machine-types for more information on machine types.
            MachineType = $"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machineType}",
            // Instance creation requires at least one persistent disk.
            Disks =
            {
                new AttachedDisk
                {
                    AutoDelete = true,
                    Boot = true,
                    Type = ComputeEnumConstants.AttachedDisk.Type.Persistent,
                    InitializeParams = new AttachedDiskInitializeParams 
                    {
                        // See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images for more information on available images.
                        SourceImage = diskImage,
                        DiskSizeGb = diskSizeGb
                    }
                }
            },
            NetworkInterfaces = { new NetworkInterface { Name = networkName } }
        };

        // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
        // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
        InstancesClient client = await InstancesClient.CreateAsync();

        // Insert the instance in the specified project and zone.
        var instanceCreation = await client.InsertAsync(projectId, zone, instance);

        // Wait for the operation to complete using client-side polling.
        // The server-side operation is not affected by polling,
        // and might finish successfully even if polling times out.
        await instanceCreation.PollUntilCompletedAsync();
    }
}

Go

Go

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Go 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstance sends an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
func createInstance(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName, machineType, sourceImage, networkName string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// machineType := "n1-standard-1"
	// sourceImage := "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-12"
	// networkName := "global/networks/default"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
			Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb:  proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: proto.String(sourceImage),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
			},
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType)),
			NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
				{
					Name: proto.String(networkName),
				},
			},
		},
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Java 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk.Type;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstance {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String project = "your-project-id";
    String zone = "zone-name";
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    createInstance(project, zone, instanceName);
  }


  // Create a new instance with the provided "instanceName" value in the specified project and zone.
  public static void createInstance(String project, String zone, String instanceName)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    // Below are sample values that can be replaced.
    // machineType: machine type of the VM being created.
    // *   This value uses the format zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}.
    // *   For a list of machine types, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/machine-types
    // sourceImage: path to the operating system image to mount.
    // *   For details about images you can mount, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images
    // diskSizeGb: storage size of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
    // networkName: network interface to associate with the instance.
    String machineType = String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/n1-standard-1", zone);
    String sourceImage = String
        .format("projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/%s", "debian-11");
    long diskSizeGb = 10L;
    String networkName = "default";

    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {
      // Instance creation requires at least one persistent disk and one network interface.
      AttachedDisk disk =
          AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
              .setBoot(true)
              .setAutoDelete(true)
              .setType(Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
              .setDeviceName("disk-1")
              .setInitializeParams(
                  AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                      .setSourceImage(sourceImage)
                      .setDiskSizeGb(diskSizeGb)
                      .build())
              .build();

      // Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
      NetworkInterface networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
          .setName(networkName)
          .build();

      // Bind `instanceName`, `machineType`, `disk`, and `networkInterface` to an instance.
      Instance instanceResource =
          Instance.newBuilder()
              .setName(instanceName)
              .setMachineType(machineType)
              .addDisks(disk)
              .addNetworkInterfaces(networkInterface)
              .build();

      System.out.printf("Creating instance: %s at %s %n", instanceName, zone);

      // Insert the instance in the specified project and zone.
      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instanceResource)
          .build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.insertAsync(
          insertInstanceRequest);

      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation failed ! ! " + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b'
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME'
// const machineType = 'n1-standard-1';
// const sourceImage = 'projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11';
// const networkName = 'global/networks/default';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Create a new instance with the values provided above in the specified project and zone.
async function createInstance() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  console.log(`Creating the ${instanceName} instance in ${zone}...`);

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          // Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '10',
            sourceImage,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/${machineType}`,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          // Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
          name: networkName,
        },
      ],
    },
    project: projectId,
    zone,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstance();

PHP

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 PHP 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine PHP API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\AttachedDisk;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Client\InstancesClient;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Enums\AttachedDisk\Type;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\InsertInstanceRequest;

/**
 * To correctly handle string enums in Cloud Compute library
 * use constants defined in the Enums subfolder.
 */
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Instance;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\NetworkInterface;

/**
 * Creates an instance in the specified project and zone.
 *
 * @param string $projectId Project ID of the Cloud project to create the instance in.
 * @param string $zone Zone to create the instance in (like "us-central1-a").
 * @param string $instanceName Unique name for this Compute Engine instance.
 * @param string $machineType Machine type of the instance being created.
 * @param string $sourceImage Boot disk image name or family.
 * @param string $networkName Network interface to associate with the instance.
 *
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ApiException if the remote call fails.
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ValidationException if local error occurs before remote call.
 */
function create_instance(
    string $projectId,
    string $zone,
    string $instanceName,
    string $machineType = 'n1-standard-1',
    string $sourceImage = 'projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11',
    string $networkName = 'global/networks/default'
) {
    // Set the machine type using the specified zone.
    $machineTypeFullName = sprintf('zones/%s/machineTypes/%s', $zone, $machineType);

    // Describe the source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
    $diskInitializeParams = (new AttachedDiskInitializeParams())
        ->setSourceImage($sourceImage);
    $disk = (new AttachedDisk())
        ->setBoot(true)
        ->setAutoDelete(true)
        ->setType(Type::PERSISTENT)
        ->setInitializeParams($diskInitializeParams);

    // Use the network interface provided in the $networkName argument.
    $network = (new NetworkInterface())
        ->setName($networkName);

    // Create the Instance object.
    $instance = (new Instance())
        ->setName($instanceName)
        ->setDisks([$disk])
        ->setMachineType($machineTypeFullName)
        ->setNetworkInterfaces([$network]);

    // Insert the new Compute Engine instance using InstancesClient.
    $instancesClient = new InstancesClient();
    $request = (new InsertInstanceRequest())
        ->setInstanceResource($instance)
        ->setProject($projectId)
        ->setZone($zone);
    $operation = $instancesClient->insert($request);

    // Wait for the operation to complete.
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();
    if ($operation->operationSucceeded()) {
        printf('Created instance %s' . PHP_EOL, $instanceName);
    } else {
        $error = $operation->getError();
        printf('Instance creation failed: %s' . PHP_EOL, $error?->getMessage());
    }
}

Python

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Python 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)

Ruby

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Ruby 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

require "google/cloud/compute/v1"

# Sends an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
#
# @param [String] project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
# @param [String] zone name of the zone you want to use. For example: "us-west3-b"
# @param [String] instance_name name of the new virtual machine.
# @param [String] machine_type machine type of the VM being created. For example: "e2-standard-2"
#         See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/machine-types for more information
#         on machine types.
# @param [String] source_image path to the operating system image to mount on your boot
#         disk. This can be one of the public images
#         (like "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11")
#         or a private image you have access to.
#         See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images for more information on available images.
# @param [String] network_name name of the network you want the new instance to use.
#         For example: "global/networks/default" represents the `default`
#         network interface, which is created automatically for each project.
def create_instance project:, zone:, instance_name:,
                    machine_type: "n2-standard-2",
                    source_image: "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11",
                    network_name: "global/networks/default"
  # Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
  # once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
  client = ::Google::Cloud::Compute::V1::Instances::Rest::Client.new

  # Construct the instance object.
  # It can be either a hash or ::Google::Cloud::Compute::V1::Instance instance.
  instance = {
    name: instance_name,
    machine_type: "zones/#{zone}/machineTypes/#{machine_type}",
    # Instance creation requires at least one persistent disk.
    disks: [{
      auto_delete: true,
      boot: true,
      type: :PERSISTENT,
      initialize_params: {
        source_image: source_image,
        disk_size_gb: 10
      }
    }],
    network_interfaces: [{ name: network_name }]
  }

  # Prepare a request to create the instance in the specified project and zone.
  request = { project: project, zone: zone, instance_resource: instance }

  puts "Creating the #{instance_name} instance in #{zone}..."
  begin
    # Send the insert request.
    operation = client.insert request
    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    operation = wait_until_done operation: operation

    if operation.error?
      warn "Error during creation:", operation.error
    else
      compute_operation = operation.operation
      warn "Warning during creation:", compute_operation.warnings unless compute_operation.warnings.empty?
      puts "Instance #{instance_name} created."
    end
  rescue ::Google::Cloud::Error => e
    warn "Exception during creation:", e
  end
end

REST

1. 选择公共映像。请记下映像或映像系列的名称以及包含该映像的项目的名称。

2. 使用 instances.insert 方法从映像系列或操作系统映像的特定版本创建虚拟机：

   POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances
   
   {
      "machineType":"zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
      "name":"VM_NAME",
      
      "disks":[
         {
            "initializeParams":{
               "sourceImage":"projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
            },
            "boot":true
         }
      ],
      
      
      "networkInterfaces":[
         {
            "network":"global/networks/NETWORK_NAME"
         }
      ],
      
     
      "shieldedInstanceConfig":{
         "enableSecureBoot":"ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT"
      }
   }
   

   请替换以下内容：

   • PROJECT_ID：要在其中创建虚拟机的项目的 ID
   • ZONE：要在其中创建虚拟机的可用区
   • MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE：包含新虚拟机将使用的机器类型的可用区
   • MACHINE_TYPE：新虚拟机的预定义或自定义机器类型
   • VM_NAME：新虚拟机的名称
   • IMAGE_PROJECT：包含映像的项目
     例如，如果您将 debian-10 指定为映像系列，请将 debian-cloud 指定为映像项目。
   • IMAGE or IMAGE_FAMILY：指定以下其中一项：
     • IMAGE：公共映像的特定版本
       例如，"sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/debian-10-buster-v20200309"
     • IMAGE_FAMILY：映像系列
       用于通过最新的未弃用操作系统映像创建虚拟机。例如，如果您指定 "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-10"，则 Compute Engine 会通过 Debian 10 映像系列中最新版本的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。
   • NETWORK_NAME：您要用于虚拟机的 VPC 网络。您可以指定 default 来使用默认网络。

   • ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT（可选）：如果您选择了支持安全强化型虚拟机功能的映像，则 Compute Engine 会默认启用虚拟可信平台模块 (vTPM) 和完整性监控。默认情况下，Compute Engine 不会启用安全启动。

     如果为 enableSecureBoot 指定 true，则 Compute Engine 会创建一个启用了所有三项安全强化型虚拟机功能的虚拟机。在 Compute Engine 启动您的虚拟机后，如需修改安全强化型虚拟机选项，您必须停止该虚拟机。

通过公共映像创建裸金属实例

Google、开源社区及第三方供应商会提供和维护公共操作系统映像。默认情况下，所有 Google Cloud 项目都可以使用受支持的公共操作系统映像创建裸金属实例。但是，如果 Google Cloud 项目具有已定义的可信映像列表，则您只能使用该列表中的映像来创建裸金属实例。

控制台

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到虚拟机实例页面。

   转到虚拟机实例

2. 选择您的项目并点击继续。

3. 点击创建实例。

4. 为您的实例指定名称。如需了解详情，请参阅资源命名惯例。

5. 可选操作：更改此实例的可用区。如果您选择了没有任何可用的裸金属服务器的可用区，则系统会提示您选择其他可用区。

6. 在机器配置部分中，执行以下操作之一：

   • 点击通用标签页，然后选择 C3。
   • 点击内存优化标签页，然后选择 X4。

7. 在机器类型字段中，点击相应列表。在过滤条件框中，输入 metal，然后选择一种可用类型。

8. 在可用性政策部分中，点击虚拟机预配模型高级设置以展开此部分。确保主机维护时的值为 Terminate instance。

9. 在启动磁盘部分，点击更改，然后执行以下操作：

   1. 在公共映像标签页中，选择以下内容：
      • 操作系统
      • 操作系统版本
      • 启动磁盘类型
      • 启动磁盘大小
      • 可选：对于 Hyperdisk Balanced 启动磁盘，为该磁盘选择预配的 IOPS 和预配的吞吐量设置。
   2. 可选：如需了解其他磁盘配置选项，请点击显示高级配置。

   3. 如需确认您的启动磁盘选项，请点击选择。

      注意：除非您明确选择其他启动磁盘，否则如果新实例的名称与现有磁盘的名称匹配，则现有磁盘会自动挂接到新实例作为启动磁盘。

10. 在防火墙部分中，如需允许 HTTP 或 HTTPS 流量流向裸金属实例，请选择允许 HTTP 流量或允许 HTTPS 流量。选择其中一种选项后，Compute Engine 会向您的实例添加一个网络标记，以将防火墙规则与该实例相关联。然后，Compute Engine 会创建相应的入站流量防火墙规则，以允许 tcp:80 (HTTP) 或 tcp:443 (HTTPS) 上的所有传入流量。

11. 展开高级选项部分，然后展开网络部分。确保网络接口卡设置为 IDPF。

12. 如需创建并启动裸金属实例，请点击创建。

gcloud

1. 选择支持裸金属实例的公共映像。请记下映像或映像系列的名称以及包含该映像的项目的名称。

2. 使用 gcloud compute instances create 命令通过映像系列或特定版本的操作系统映像创建裸金属实例。

   gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE_NAME \
       --zone=ZONE \
       --machine-type=MACHINE_TYPE \
       --network-interface=nic-type=IDPF \
       --maintenance-policy=TERMINATE \
       --create-disk=boot=yes,image=projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE,provisioned-iops=IOPS,provisioned-throughput=THROUGHPUT,size=SIZE,type=hyperdisk-balanced \
       --no-shielded-secure-boot
   

   替换以下内容：

   • INSTANCE_NAME：新的裸金属实例的名称
   • ZONE：要在其中创建裸机实例的可用区

   • MACHINE_TYPE：用于实例的裸金属机器类型。该机器类型的名称必须以 -metal 结尾。

     如需获取可用区中可用的机器类型列表，请将 gcloud compute machine-types list 命令与 --zones 标志结合使用。

   • IMAGE_PROJECT：包含映像的映像项目

   • IMAGE：指定以下其中一项：

     • 操作系统映像的特定版本，例如 sles-15-sp4-sap-v20240208-x86-6。
     • 映像系列，其格式必须为 family/IMAGE_FAMILY。此项会通过最新的未弃用的操作系统映像创建实例。例如，如果您指定 family/sles-15-sp4-sap，Compute Engine 会通过 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4 映像系列中最新版本的操作系统映像创建裸金属实例。如需详细了解如何使用映像系列，请参阅映像系列最佳实践。

   • IOPS（可选）：磁盘每秒可处理的最高 I/O 操作数 (IOPS)。

   • THROUGHPUT：可选：一个整数，表示磁盘可以处理的最高吞吐量（以 MiB/秒为单位）。

   • SIZE：可选：新磁盘的大小。 值必须为整数。默认的测量单位为 GiB。

3. 验证 Compute Engine 是否已创建该实例：

   gcloud compute instances describe INSTANCE_NAME
   

   将 INSTANCE_NAME 替换为新实例的名称。

REST

1. 选择支持裸金属实例的公共映像。请记下映像或映像系列的名称以及包含该映像的项目的名称。

2. 使用 instances.insert 方法通过映像系列或特定版本的操作系统映像创建裸金属实例：

   POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances
   {
    "machineType": "projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
    "name": "INSTANCE_NAME",
    "disks": [
      {
        "boot": true,
        "initializeParams": {
          "diskSizeGb": "DISK_SIZE",
          "diskType": "hyperdisk-balanced",
          "provisionedIops": "IOPS_LIMIT",
          "provisionedThroughput": "THROUGHPUT_LIMIT",
          "sourceImage": "projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
        }
      }
    ],
    "networkInterfaces": [
      {
        "nicType": "IDPF"
      }
    ],
    "scheduling": {
      "onHostMaintenance": "TERMINATE"
    }
   }
   

   请替换以下内容：

   • PROJECT_ID：要在其中创建裸金属实例的项目的 ID
   • ZONE：要在其中创建裸机实例的可用区
   • MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE：包含要用于新的裸金属实例的机器类型的可用区
   • MACHINE_TYPE：用于实例的机器类型。该机器类型的名称必须以 -metal 结尾。
   • INSTANCE_NAME：新实例的名称
   • DISK_SIZE：磁盘大小（以 GiB 为单位）
   • IOPS_LIMIT：您要为磁盘预配的每秒 I/O 操作数。
   • THROUGHPUT_LIMIT：一个整数，表示您要为磁盘预配的吞吐量（以 MB/秒为单位）。
   • IMAGE_PROJECT：包含映像的映像项目
   • IMAGE：指定以下其中一项：
     • 操作系统映像的特定版本，例如 sles-15-sp4-sap-v20240208-x86-6。
     • 映像系列，其格式必须为 family/IMAGE_FAMILY。此项会通过最新的未弃用的操作系统映像创建实例。例如，如果您指定 family/sles-15-sp4-sap，Compute Engine 会通过 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4 映像系列中最新版本的操作系统映像创建裸金属实例。如需详细了解如何使用映像系列，请参阅映像系列最佳实践。

通过自定义映像创建虚拟机

自定义映像仅属于您的项目。如需使用自定义映像创建虚拟机，您必须先创建自定义映像（如果尚未创建）。

注意：您必须具有自定义映像的访问权限，以便在创建虚拟机时使用该映像。默认情况下，您可以访问您项目中的所有自定义映像。但是，如果您的项目定义了可信映像列表，则只能使用该列表上的映像来创建虚拟机。

控制台

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到虚拟机实例页面。

   转到虚拟机实例

2. 选择您的项目并点击继续。

3. 点击创建实例。

4. 为您的虚拟机指定名称。如需了解详情，请参阅资源命名惯例。

5. 可选操作：更改此虚拟机的可用区。如果您选择任意，Google 会根据机器类型和可用性为您自动选择可用区。

6. 为您的虚拟机选择机器配置。

7. 在启动磁盘部分，点击更改，然后执行以下操作：

   1. 选择自定义映像标签。
   2. 要选择映像项目，请点击选择项目，然后执行以下操作：
      1. 选择包含该映像的项目。
      2. 点击打开。
   3. 在映像列表中，点击要导入的映像。
   4. 选择启动磁盘的类型和大小。
   5. 可选：对于高级配置选项，点击显示高级配置。
   6. 如需确认您的启动磁盘选项，请点击选择。

8. 在防火墙部分中，如需允许 HTTP 或 HTTPS 流量流向虚拟机，请选择允许 HTTP 流量或允许 HTTPS 流量。

   Google Cloud 控制台会向您的虚拟机中添加网络标记，并创建对应的入站防火墙规则，该规则允许 tcp:80 (HTTP) 或 tcp:443 (HTTPS) 上的所有传入流量。 网络标记可将防火墙规则与虚拟机相关联。如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud 新一代防火墙文档中的防火墙规则概览。

9. 要创建并启动该虚拟机，请点击创建。

gcloud

1. In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

   Activate Cloud Shell

   At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

2. 运行 gcloud compute instances create 命令以使用自定义映像创建虚拟机：

   gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
       --image-project IMAGE_PROJECT \
       [--image IMAGE | --image-family IMAGE_FAMILY]
       --subnet SUBNET
   

   请替换以下内容：

   • VM_NAME：虚拟机的名称
   • IMAGE_PROJECT：包含映像的项目的 ID
   • IMAGE 或 IMAGE_FAMILY：指定以下其中一项：
     • IMAGE：您的自定义映像的名称

       例如 --image=my-debian-image-v2。

     • IMAGE_FAMILY：如果您在自定义映像系列中创建了自定义映像，请指定该自定义映像系列。

       此项表示通过自定义映像系列中最新的未弃用的操作系统映像操作系统版本创建虚拟机。例如，如果您指定 --image-family=my-debian-family，则 Compute Engine 会通过自定义 my-debian-family 映像系列中最新的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。

     注意：如果您未指定映像，Compute Engine 会使用默认映像系列和项目。默认映像系列和项目分别为 debian-10 和 debian-cloud。

   • SUBNET：如果子网和实例位于同一项目中，请将 SUBNET 替换为与该实例位于同一区域的子网的名称。

Terraform

如需生成 Terraform 代码，您可以使用 Google Cloud 控制台中的等效代码组件。

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到虚拟机实例页面。

   转到“虚拟机实例”

2. 点击创建实例。
3. 指定所需的参数。
4. 在页面顶部或底部，点击等效代码，然后点击 Terraform 标签页以查看 Terraform 代码。

Go

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Go 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstanceFromCustomImage creates a new VM instance with custom image used as its boot disk.
func createInstanceFromCustomImage(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName, customImageLink string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// customImageLink := "projects/project_name/global/images/image_name"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
			Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb:  proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: proto.String(customImageLink),
						DiskType:    proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone)),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
			},
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/n1-standard-1", zone)),
			NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
				{
					Name: proto.String("global/networks/default"),
				},
			},
		},
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Java 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk.Type;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Image;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ImagesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstancesAdvanced {

  /**
   * Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the source
   * for the new disk.
   *
   * @param diskType the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)". For example:
   * "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
   * @param diskSizeGb size of the new disk in gigabytes
   * @param boot boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an
   * instance
   * @param sourceImage source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to
   * this disk. This can be one of the publicly available images or an image from one of your
   * projects. This value uses the following format:
   * "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
   * @return AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
   */
  private static AttachedDisk diskFromImage(String diskType, int diskSizeGb, boolean boot,
      String sourceImage) {
    AttachedDisk disk =
        AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
            .setBoot(boot)
            // Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when
            // you delete your VM instance.
            .setAutoDelete(true)
            .setType(Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
            .setInitializeParams(
                AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                    .setSourceImage(sourceImage)
                    .setDiskSizeGb(diskSizeGb)
                    .setDiskType(diskType)
                    .build())
            .build();
    return disk;
  }


  /**
   * Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.
   *
   * @param project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
   * @param zone name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
   * @param instanceName name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
   * @param disks a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks you want to attach
   * to your new instance.
   * @param machineType machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
   * For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
   * @param network name of the network you want the new instance to use. For example:
   * "global/networks/default" represents the network named "default", which is created
   * automatically for each project.
   * @param subnetwork name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use. This value uses the
   * following format: "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
   * @return Instance object.
   */
  private static Instance createWithDisks(String project, String zone, String instanceName,
      Vector<AttachedDisk> disks, String machineType, String network, String subnetwork)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {
      // Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
      NetworkInterface networkInterface;
      if (subnetwork != null) {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).setSubnetwork(subnetwork)
            .build();
      } else {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).build();
      }

      machineType = String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType);

      // Bind `instanceName`, `machineType`, `disk`, and `networkInterface` to an instance.
      Instance instanceResource =
          Instance.newBuilder()
              .setName(instanceName)
              .setMachineType(machineType)
              .addAllDisks(disks)
              .addNetworkInterfaces(networkInterface)
              .build();

      System.out.printf("Creating instance: %s at %s ", instanceName, zone);

      // Insert the instance in the specified project and zone.
      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instanceResource).build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.insertAsync(
          insertInstanceRequest);

      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation failed ! ! " + response);
        return null;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());

      return instancesClient.get(project, zone, instanceName);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Create a new VM instance with custom image used as its boot disk.
   *
   * @param project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
   * @param zone name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
   * @param instanceName name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
   * @param customImage link to the custom image you want to use in the form of:
   * "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
   * @return Instance object.
   */
  public static Instance createFromCustomImage(String project, String zone, String instanceName,
      String customImage)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    String diskType = String.format("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone);
    Vector<AttachedDisk> disks = new Vector<>();
    disks.add(diskFromImage(diskType, 10, true, customImage));
    return createWithDisks(project, zone, instanceName, disks, "n1-standard-1",
        "global/networks/default", null);
  }

Node.js

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const customImageLink = 'projects/YOUR_PROJECT/global/images/YOUR_IMAGE_NAME';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Creates a new VM instance with custom image used as its boot disk.
async function createInstanceFromCustomImage() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '10',
            sourceImage: customImageLink,
            diskType: `zones/${zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard`,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/n1-standard-1`,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          name: 'global/networks/default',
        },
      ],
    },
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstanceFromCustomImage();

Python

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Python 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)


def create_from_custom_image(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str, custom_image_link: str
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Create a new VM instance with custom image used as its boot disk.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        custom_image_link: link to the custom image you want to use in the form of:
            "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
    disks = [disk_from_image(disk_type, 10, True, custom_image_link, True)]
    instance = create_instance(project_id, zone, instance_name, disks)
    return instance

REST

在 API 中使用自定义映像创建虚拟机的过程与使用公开可用映像创建虚拟机的过程相同。

如需从自定义映像创建虚拟机，请使用 instances.insert 方法。

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
   "machineType":"zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
   "name":"VM_NAME",
   
   "disks":[
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "sourceImage":"projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
         },
         "boot":true
      }
   ],
   
   
   "networkInterfaces":[
      {
         "network":"global/networks/NETWORK_NAME"
      }
   ],
   
  
   "shieldedInstanceConfig":{
      "enableSecureBoot":"ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT"
   }
}

请替换以下内容：

• PROJECT_ID：要在其中创建虚拟机的项目的 ID
• ZONE：要在其中创建虚拟机的可用区
• MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE：包含新虚拟机将使用的机器类型的可用区
• MACHINE_TYPE：新虚拟机的预定义或自定义机器类型
• VM_NAME：新虚拟机的名称
• IMAGE_PROJECT：包含自定义映像的项目的名称
• IMAGE 或 IMAGE_FAMILY：指定以下其中一项：
  • IMAGE：您的自定义映像的名称。 例如 "sourceImage": "projects/my-project-1234/global/images/my-debian-image-v2"。
  • IMAGE_FAMILY：如果您在自定义映像系列中创建了自定义映像，请指定该自定义映像系列。

    此项表示通过自定义映像系列中最新的未弃用的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。例如，如果您指定 "sourceImage": "projects/my-project-1234/global/images/family/my-debian-family"，则 Compute Engine 会通过 my-debian-family 映像系列中最新版本的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。

• NETWORK_NAME：您要用于虚拟机的 VPC 网络。您可以指定 default 来使用默认网络。

• ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT（可选）：如果您选择了支持安全强化型虚拟机功能的映像，则 Compute Engine 会默认启用虚拟可信平台模块 (vTPM) 和完整性监控。默认情况下，Compute Engine 不会启用安全启动。

  如果为 enableSecureBoot 指定 true，则 Compute Engine 会创建一个启用了所有三项安全强化型虚拟机功能的虚拟机。在 Compute Engine 启动您的虚拟机后，如需修改安全强化型虚拟机选项，您必须停止该虚拟机。

创建具有额外的非启动磁盘的虚拟机实例

创建虚拟机时，您还可以同时创建额外的非启动磁盘并将其挂接到虚拟机。

不过，如果您想以多写入者模式创建磁盘，则无法在创建虚拟机的同时创建磁盘。您必须先创建磁盘，然后才能将其挂接到虚拟机。

控制台

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到虚拟机实例页面。

   转到虚拟机实例

2. 选择您的项目并点击继续。

3. 点击创建实例。

4. 为您的虚拟机指定名称。如需了解详情，请参阅资源命名惯例。

5. 可选操作：更改此虚拟机的可用区。如果您选择任意，Google 会根据机器类型和可用性为您自动选择可用区。

6. 为您的虚拟机选择机器配置。

7. 在启动磁盘部分，点击更改，然后执行以下操作：

   1. 在公共映像标签页中，选择以下内容：
      • 操作系统
      • 操作系统版本
      • 启动磁盘类型
      • 启动磁盘大小
   2. 可选：对于高级配置选项，点击显示高级配置。
   3. 如需确认您的启动磁盘选项，请点击选择。
   注意：除非您明确选择其他启动磁盘，否则如果新虚拟机的名称与现有永久性磁盘的名称匹配，则现有永久性磁盘会自动挂接到新虚拟机作为启动磁盘。

8. 在防火墙部分中，如需允许 HTTP 或 HTTPS 流量流向虚拟机，请选择允许 HTTP 流量或允许 HTTPS 流量。选择其中一项后，Compute Engine 会向您的虚拟机添加一个网络标记，以将防火墙规则与该虚拟机相关联。然后，Compute Engine 会创建相应的入站流量防火墙规则，以允许 tcp:80 (HTTP) 或 tcp:443 (HTTPS) 上的所有传入流量。

9. 如需将非启动磁盘添加到虚拟机，请展开高级选项部分，然后执行以下操作：

   1. 展开磁盘部分。
   2. 点击添加新磁盘，然后执行以下操作：
      1. 指定磁盘名称、类型、来源类型和大小。
      2. 在挂接设置部分中，选择磁盘的挂接模式和删除规则。如需详细了解如何添加新磁盘，请参阅将永久性磁盘添加到虚拟机。
      3. 点击保存。

10. 要创建并启动该虚拟机，请点击创建。

gcloud

1. In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

   Activate Cloud Shell

   At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

2. 运行 gcloud compute instances create 命令以使用其他非启动磁盘创建虚拟机。

   创建虚拟机时，您最多可以添加 127 个非启动磁盘。为您创建的每个非启动磁盘指定 --create-disk 标志。

   如需通过公共映像或库存映像创建非启动磁盘，请使用 --create-disk 标志指定 image 或 image-family 和 image-project 属性。如需创建空白磁盘，请勿添加这些属性。

   您可以选择为以下媒体资源添加属性：

   • 磁盘大小：使用 --size 属性。
   • 磁盘类型：使用 --type 属性。
   • 区域磁盘：添加 replica-zones 属性。

   gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
     --zone=ZONE \
     [--image=IMAGE | --image-family=IMAGE_FAMILY] \
     --image-project=IMAGE_PROJECT \
     --create-disk [image=DISK_IMAGE | image-family=DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY ], \
       image-project=DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT,size=SIZE_GB,type=DISK_TYPE \
     --create-disk device-name=DISK_NAME, \
       replica-zones=^:^ZONE:REMOTE-ZONE,boot=false
   

   替换以下内容：

   • VM_NAME：新虚拟机的名称
   • ZONE：要在其中创建虚拟机的可用区

   • IMAGE 或 IMAGE_FAMILY。 指定以下其中一项：

     • IMAGE：公共映像的特定版本

       例如 --image=debian-10-buster-v20200309。

     • IMAGE_FAMILY：映像系列

       此项表示通过最新的未弃用的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。 例如，如果您指定 --image-family=debian-10，则 Compute Engine 会通过 Debian 10 映像系列中最新版本的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。

   • IMAGE_PROJECT：包含映像的项目

   • 对于额外的磁盘，请替换以下内容：

     • DISK_IMAGE 或 DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY：指定以下其中一项：
       • DISK_IMAGE：要用作非启动磁盘的映像的名称
       • DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY：要用作非启动磁盘的映像系列
     • DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT：磁盘映像所属的映像项目
     • SIZE_GB（可选）：非启动磁盘的大小

     • DISK_TYPE（可选）：永久性磁盘类型的完整或部分网址

       例如 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/diskTypes/pd-ssd。如需查看可用磁盘类型，请运行 gcloud compute disk-types list 命令。

     • DISK_NAME（可选）：虚拟机创建后向访客操作系统显示的磁盘名称。

     • REMOTE_ZONE：磁盘应复制到的可用区

     对于空白磁盘，请勿指定 DISK_IMAGE、DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY 或 DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT 参数。

     对于可用区磁盘，请勿指定磁盘属性 replica-zones。

Terraform

如需生成 Terraform 代码，您可以使用 Google Cloud 控制台中的等效代码组件。

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到虚拟机实例页面。

   转到“虚拟机实例”

2. 点击创建实例。
3. 指定所需的参数。
4. 在页面顶部或底部，点击等效代码，然后点击 Terraform 标签页以查看 Terraform 代码。

Go

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Go 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createWithAdditionalDisk create a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system and a 11 GB additional empty disk.
func createWithAdditionalDisk(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	imagesClient, err := compute.NewImagesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewImagesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer imagesClient.Close()

	// List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details.
	newestDebianReq := &computepb.GetFromFamilyImageRequest{
		Project: "debian-cloud",
		Family:  "debian-12",
	}
	newestDebian, err := imagesClient.GetFromFamily(ctx, newestDebianReq)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get image from family: %w", err)
	}

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
			Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb:  proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: newestDebian.SelfLink,
						DiskType:    proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone)),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb: proto.Int64(11),
						DiskType:   proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone)),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(false),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
			},
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/n1-standard-1", zone)),
			NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
				{
					Name: proto.String("global/networks/default"),
				},
			},
		},
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Java 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk.Type;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Image;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ImagesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstancesAdvanced {

  /**
   * Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the source
   * for the new disk.
   *
   * @param diskType the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)". For example:
   * "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
   * @param diskSizeGb size of the new disk in gigabytes
   * @param boot boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an
   * instance
   * @param sourceImage source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to
   * this disk. This can be one of the publicly available images or an image from one of your
   * projects. This value uses the following format:
   * "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
   * @return AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
   */
  private static AttachedDisk diskFromImage(String diskType, int diskSizeGb, boolean boot,
      String sourceImage) {
    AttachedDisk disk =
        AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
            .setBoot(boot)
            // Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when
            // you delete your VM instance.
            .setAutoDelete(true)
            .setType(Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
            .setInitializeParams(
                AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                    .setSourceImage(sourceImage)
                    .setDiskSizeGb(diskSizeGb)
                    .setDiskType(diskType)
                    .build())
            .build();
    return disk;
  }


  /**
   * Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. The created disk contains no
   * data and requires formatting before it can be used.
   *
   * @param diskType the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)". For example:
   * "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
   * @param diskSizeGb size of the new disk in gigabytes
   * @return AttachedDisk object configured to be created as an empty disk.
   */
  private static AttachedDisk emptyDisk(String diskType, int diskSizeGb) {
    AttachedDisk disk =
        AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
            .setBoot(false)
            // Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when
            // you delete your VM instance.
            .setAutoDelete(true)
            .setType(Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
            .setInitializeParams(
                AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                    .setDiskSizeGb(diskSizeGb)
                    .setDiskType(diskType)
                    .build())
            .build();
    return disk;
  }

  /**
   * Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.
   *
   * @param project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
   * @param zone name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
   * @param instanceName name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
   * @param disks a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks you want to attach
   * to your new instance.
   * @param machineType machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
   * For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
   * @param network name of the network you want the new instance to use. For example:
   * "global/networks/default" represents the network named "default", which is created
   * automatically for each project.
   * @param subnetwork name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use. This value uses the
   * following format: "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
   * @return Instance object.
   */
  private static Instance createWithDisks(String project, String zone, String instanceName,
      Vector<AttachedDisk> disks, String machineType, String network, String subnetwork)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {
      // Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
      NetworkInterface networkInterface;
      if (subnetwork != null) {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).setSubnetwork(subnetwork)
            .build();
      } else {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).build();
      }

      machineType = String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType);

      // Bind `instanceName`, `machineType`, `disk`, and `networkInterface` to an instance.
      Instance instanceResource =
          Instance.newBuilder()
              .setName(instanceName)
              .setMachineType(machineType)
              .addAllDisks(disks)
              .addNetworkInterfaces(networkInterface)
              .build();

      System.out.printf("Creating instance: %s at %s ", instanceName, zone);

      // Insert the instance in the specified project and zone.
      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instanceResource).build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.insertAsync(
          insertInstanceRequest);

      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation failed ! ! " + response);
        return null;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());

      return instancesClient.get(project, zone, instanceName);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Create a new VM instance with Debian 11 operating system and a 11 GB additional empty disk.
   *
   * @param project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
   * @param zone name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
   * @param instanceName name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
   * @return Instance object.
   */
  public static Instance createWithAdditionalDisk(String project, String zone, String instanceName)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    try (ImagesClient imagesClient = ImagesClient.create()) {
      // List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
      Image image = imagesClient.getFromFamily("debian-cloud", "debian-11");
      String diskType = String.format("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone);
      Vector<AttachedDisk> disks = new Vector<>();
      disks.add(diskFromImage(diskType, 10, true, image.getSelfLink()));
      disks.add(emptyDisk(diskType, 11));
      return createWithDisks(project, zone, instanceName, disks, "n1-standard-1",
          "global/networks/default", null);
    }
  }

Node.js

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Create a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system and a 11 GB additional empty disk.
async function createWithAdditionalDisk() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();
  const imagesClient = new compute.ImagesClient();

  // List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details.
  const [newestDebian] = await imagesClient.getFromFamily({
    project: 'debian-cloud',
    family: 'debian-11',
  });

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '10',
            sourceImage: newestDebian.selfLink,
            diskType: `zones/${zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard`,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '11',
            diskType: `zones/${zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard`,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: false,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/n1-standard-1`,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          name: 'global/networks/default',
        },
      ],
    },
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createWithAdditionalDisk();

Python

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Python 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def empty_disk(
    disk_type: str, disk_size_gb: int, boot: bool = False, auto_delete: bool = True
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk():
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. The created disk contains
    no data and requires formatting before it can be used.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created as an empty disk.
    """
    disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    disk.boot = boot
    return disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)


def create_with_additional_disk(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Create a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system on a 20 GB disk
    and a 25 GB additional empty disk.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    newest_debian = get_image_from_family(project="debian-cloud", family="debian-12")
    disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
    disks = [
        disk_from_image(disk_type, 20, True, newest_debian.self_link),
        empty_disk(disk_type, 25),
    ]
    instance = create_instance(project_id, zone, instance_name, disks)
    return instance

REST

通过对每个额外磁盘使用 initializeParams 属性，您可以在创建虚拟机时创建多达 127 个非启动磁盘。使用公共映像或私有映像创建额外磁盘。 如需添加空白磁盘，请定义不带 sourceImage 值的 initializeParams 条目。 添加磁盘属性 replicaZones 以创建区域级磁盘，而不是可用区级磁盘。

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
   "machineType":"zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
   "name":"VM_NAME",
   
   "disks":[
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "sourceImage":"projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
         },
         "boot":true
      },
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "diskSizeGb":"SIZE_GB",
            "sourceImage":"projects/DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/DISK_IMAGE",
            "diskType":"DISK_TYPE"
         }
      },
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "diskSizeGb":"SIZE_GB",
            "diskType":"DISK_TYPE"
         },
      },
      {
         "boot": false,
         "deviceName":"DISK_NAME",
         "initializeParams": {
            "diskType": "DISK_TYPE",
            "replicaZones": [
               "projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE",
               "projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/REMOTE_ZONE"
            ]
         }
      }
   ],
   
   
   "networkInterfaces":[
      {
         "network":"global/networks/NETWORK_NAME"
      }
   ],
   
  
   "shieldedInstanceConfig":{
      "enableSecureBoot":"ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT"
   }
}

替换以下内容：

• PROJECT_ID：要在其中创建虚拟机的项目的 ID
• ZONE：要在其中创建虚拟机的可用区
• MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE：包含新虚拟机将使用的机器类型的可用区
• MACHINE_TYPE：新虚拟机的预定义或自定义机器类型
• VM_NAME：新虚拟机的名称
• IMAGE_PROJECT：包含映像的项目
  例如，如果您将 debian-10 指定为映像系列，请将 debian-cloud 指定为映像项目。
• IMAGE or IMAGE_FAMILY：指定以下其中一项：
  • IMAGE：公共映像的特定版本
    例如，"sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/debian-10-buster-v20200309"
  • IMAGE_FAMILY：映像系列
    用于通过最新的未弃用操作系统映像创建虚拟机。例如，如果您指定 "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-10"，则 Compute Engine 会通过 Debian 10 映像系列中最新版本的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。
• 对于额外的磁盘，请替换以下内容：
  • SIZE_GB：磁盘大小
  • DISK_IMAGE 或
  • DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY：为非启动磁盘指定来源映像或映像系列：
    • DISK_IMAGE：要用作非启动磁盘的映像的名称。例如 "sourceImage": "projects/DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/DISK_IMAGE"。
    • DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY：要用作非启动磁盘的映像系列。例如 "sourceImage": "projects/DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/family/DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY"。
  • DISK_TYPE：永久性磁盘类型的完整或部分网址。例如 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/diskTypes/pd-ssd。
  • DISK_NAME：可选。创建虚拟机后向访客操作系统显示的磁盘名称。
  • REMOTE_ZONE：要将区域磁盘复制到的可用区
  对于空白磁盘，请勿指定 sourceImage 属性。对于可用区磁盘，请勿指定 replicaZones 属性。
• NETWORK_NAME：您要用于虚拟机的 VPC 网络。您可以指定 default 来使用默认网络。

• ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT（可选）：如果您选择了支持安全强化型虚拟机功能的映像，则 Compute Engine 会默认启用虚拟可信平台模块 (vTPM) 和完整性监控。默认情况下，Compute Engine 不会启用安全启动。

  如果为 enableSecureBoot 指定 true，则 Compute Engine 会创建一个启用了所有三项安全强化型虚拟机功能的虚拟机。在 Compute Engine 启动您的虚拟机后，如需修改安全强化型虚拟机选项，您必须停止该虚拟机。

在使用磁盘之前，格式化并装载磁盘。

通过共享映像创建虚拟机实例

如果其他用户与您共享映像，您可以使用该映像创建虚拟机。

控制台

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到创建实例页面。

   转到“创建实例”

2. 为您的虚拟机指定名称。如需了解详情，请参阅资源命名惯例。
3. 可选操作：更改此虚拟机的可用区。如果您选择任意，Google 会根据机器类型和可用性为您自动选择可用区。
4. 为您的虚拟机选择机器配置。
5. 在启动磁盘部分，点击更改以配置您的启动磁盘，然后执行以下操作：
1. 选择自定义映像标签。
2. 要选择映像项目，请点击选择项目，然后执行以下操作：
   1. 选择包含该映像的项目。
   2. 点击打开。
3. 在映像列表中，点击要导入的映像。
4. 选择启动磁盘的类型和大小。
5. 如需确认您的启动磁盘选项，请点击选择。

6. 如需允许 HTTP 或 HTTPS 流量流向虚拟机，请在防火墙部分中选择允许 HTTP 流量或允许 HTTPS 流量。

   Google Cloud 控制台会向虚拟机添加网络标记，并创建相应的入站流量防火墙规则，以允许 tcp:80 (HTTP) 或 tcp:443 (HTTPS) 上的所有传入流量。网络标记可将防火墙规则与虚拟机相关联。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud 新一代防火墙文档中的防火墙规则概览。

7. 如需启动并创建虚拟机，请点击创建。

gcloud

1. In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

   Activate Cloud Shell

   At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

2. 使用 gcloud compute instances create command 创建虚拟机，并使用 --image 和 --image-project 标志指定映像名称和映像所在的项目：

   gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
           --image=IMAGE \
           --image-project=IMAGE_PROJECT
       

   请替换以下内容：

   • VM_NAME：新虚拟机的名称
   • IMAGE：映像的名称
   • IMAGE_PROJECT：映像所属的项目

   如果命令成功，gcloud 将返回新虚拟机的属性作为响应：

       Created [https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-b/instances/example-instance].
       NAME                 ZONE           MACHINE_TYPE   PREEMPTIBLE  INTERNAL_IP  EXTERNAL_IP    STATUS
       example-instance     us-central1-b  e2-standard-2               10.240.0.4   104.198.53.60  RUNNING

Terraform

在 Terraform 中使用共享映像创建虚拟机的过程与使用公开提供的映像创建虚拟机的过程相同。

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往虚拟机实例页面。

   转到“虚拟机实例”

2. 点击创建实例。
3. 指定所需的参数。
4. 在页面顶部或底部，点击等效代码，然后点击 Terraform 标签页以查看 Terraform 代码。

REST

在 API 中使用共享映像创建虚拟机的过程与使用公开可用映像创建虚拟机的过程相同。 如需通过共享映像创建虚拟机，请使用 instances.insert 方法。

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
   "machineType":"zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
   "name":"VM_NAME",
   
   "disks":[
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "sourceImage":"projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
         },
         "boot":true
      }
   ],
   
   
   "networkInterfaces":[
      {
         "network":"global/networks/NETWORK_NAME"
      }
   ],
   
  
   "shieldedInstanceConfig":{
      "enableSecureBoot":"ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT"
   }
}

请替换以下内容：

• PROJECT_ID：要在其中创建虚拟机的项目的 ID
• ZONE：要在其中创建虚拟机的可用区
• MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE：包含新虚拟机将使用的机器类型的可用区
• MACHINE_TYPE：新虚拟机的预定义或自定义机器类型
• VM_NAME：新虚拟机的名称
• IMAGE_PROJECT：包含共享映像的项目的名称
• IMAGE 或 IMAGE_FAMILY：指定以下其中一项：
  • IMAGE：共享映像的名称。例如 "sourceImage": "projects/finance-project-1234/global/images/finance-debian-image-v2"。
  • IMAGE_FAMILY：如果共享映像是作为自定义映像系列的一部分创建的，请指定该自定义映像系列。

    此项表示通过自定义映像系列中最新的未弃用的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。例如，如果您指定 "sourceImage": "projects/finance-project-1234/global/images/family/finance-debian-family"，则 Compute Engine 会通过 finance-debian-family 映像系列中最新版本的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。

• NETWORK_NAME：您要用于虚拟机的 VPC 网络。您可以指定 default 来使用默认网络。

• ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT（可选）：如果您选择了支持安全强化型虚拟机功能的映像，则 Compute Engine 会默认启用虚拟可信平台模块 (vTPM) 和完整性监控。默认情况下，Compute Engine 不会启用安全启动。

  如果为 enableSecureBoot 指定 true，则 Compute Engine 会创建一个启用了所有三项安全强化型虚拟机功能的虚拟机。在 Compute Engine 启动您的虚拟机后，如需修改安全强化型虚拟机选项，您必须停止该虚拟机。

从快照创建虚拟机

您可以通过以下方式从快照创建新虚拟机：

• 恢复虚拟机启动磁盘：如果您使用快照备份了虚拟机的启动磁盘，则可以使用该快照创建新的虚拟机。如需查看相关说明，请参阅将启动磁盘快照恢复到新虚拟机。

• 恢复非启动磁盘：如果您使用快照备份了非启动磁盘，则可以在创建虚拟机时将快照恢复到新的非启动磁盘。如需了解相关说明，请参阅使用基于快照的非启动磁盘创建虚拟机。

如需使用相同的启动磁盘快速创建多个虚拟机，请创建自定义映像，然后从该映像创建虚拟机，而不是使用快照创建虚拟机。

从容器映像创建虚拟机实例

如需在 Compute Engine 虚拟机上部署和启动容器，请在创建虚拟机时指定容器映像名称和可选配置参数。Compute Engine 使用最新版本的 Container-optimized OS 公共映像创建虚拟机，该映像安装了 Docker。然后，Compute Engine 会在虚拟机启动时启动容器。如需了解详情，请参阅在虚拟机上部署容器。

如需通过容器映像创建虚拟机，您必须使用 Google Cloud 控制台或 gcloud。

控制台

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到虚拟机实例页面。

   转到虚拟机实例

2. 选择您的项目并点击继续。

3. 点击创建实例。

4. 为您的虚拟机指定名称。如需了解详情，请参阅资源命名惯例。

5. 在容器部分中，点击部署容器。

   1. 指定要使用的容器映像。 例如：

      • 如需从 Cloud Launcher 中选择 NGINX 1.12 容器映像，请运行以下命令：

        gcr.io/cloud-marketplace/google/nginx1:1.12

      • 如需从 Docker Hub 部署 Apache 容器映像，请始终指定完整的 Docker 映像名称：

        docker.io/httpd:2.4

   2. 可选操作：点击高级容器选项。如需了解详情，请参阅配置选项以便运行容器。

6. 如需创建虚拟机、启动虚拟机和启动容器，请点击创建。

gcloud

1. In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

   Activate Cloud Shell

   At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

2. 运行 gcloud compute instances create-with-container 命令：

   gcloud compute instances create-with-container VM_NAME \
     --container-image=CONTAINER_IMAGE

   请替换以下内容：

   • VM_NAME：新虚拟机的名称。
   • CONTAINER_IMAGE：容器映像的名称。

   例如，以下命令会创建名为 nginx-vm 的虚拟机，它会启动并运行容器映像：

   gcr.io/cloud-marketplace/google/nginx1:1.12

   gcloud compute instances create-with-container nginx-vm \
     --container-image=gcr.io/cloud-marketplace/google/nginx1:1.12

   如需从 Docker Hub 部署 Apache 容器映像，请始终指定完整的 Docker 映像名称：

   docker.io/httpd:2.4。

在特定子网中创建虚拟机实例

默认情况下，Google Cloud 会为每个项目创建一个名为 default 的自动模式 VPC 网络。如需使用其他网络或者您在自动模式或自定义模式 VPC 网络中手动创建的子网，您必须在创建虚拟机时指定子网。

在子网中创建虚拟机时，请考虑以下规则：

• 如果您没有指定网络或子网，Compute Engine 会使用默认 VPC 网络和与虚拟机位于同一区域的自动子网。
• 如果您未指定网络，Compute Engine 会根据指定的子网推断网络。
• 如果您指定了网络，则必须指定子网，并且此子网必须属于同一个网络。否则，虚拟机创建会失败。

注意：您必须先创建要使用的子网，然后再创建虚拟机。如需了解详情，请参阅创建和管理 VPC 网络。

控制台

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到虚拟机实例页面。

   转到虚拟机实例

2. 选择您的项目并点击继续。

3. 点击创建实例。

4. 为您的虚拟机指定名称。如需了解详情，请参阅资源命名惯例。

5. 可选操作：更改此虚拟机的可用区。如果您选择任意，Google 会根据机器类型和可用性为您自动选择可用区。

6. 在防火墙部分中，如需允许 HTTP 或 HTTPS 流量流向虚拟机，请选择允许 HTTP 流量或允许 HTTPS 流量。

   Google Cloud 控制台会向您的虚拟机中添加网络标记，并创建对应的入站防火墙规则，该规则允许 tcp:80 (HTTP) 或 tcp:443 (HTTPS) 上的所有传入流量。网络标记可将防火墙规则与虚拟机相关联。如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud NGFW 文档中的防火墙规则概览。

7. 展开高级选项部分。

   1. 展开网络部分。
   2. 对于网络接口，请指定网络详细信息：
      1. 在网络字段中，选择包含您创建的子网的 VPC 网络。
      2. 在子网字段中，选择实例将使用的子网。
      3. 点击完成。

8. 要创建并启动该虚拟机，请点击创建。

gcloud

1. In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

   Activate Cloud Shell

   At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

2. 使用 Google Cloud CLI，按照从映像创建虚拟机或从快照创建虚拟机的相同说明操作，并将在运行 gcloud compute instances create 命令时添加 --subnet=SUBNET_NAME 和 --zone=ZONE 标志：

   gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
     --network=NETWORK_NAME \
     --subnet=SUBNET_NAME \
     --zone=ZONE

   请替换以下内容：

   • VM_NAME：虚拟机的名称
   • NETWORK_NAME（可选）：网络的名称

   • SUBNET_NAME：子网的名称

     如需查看网络中的子网列表，请使用 gcloud compute networks subnets list 命令。

   • ZONE：在其中创建虚拟机的可用区，例如 europe-west1-b

     虚拟机的区域是根据可用区推断出来的。

Terraform

如需在特定子网中创建虚拟机，您可以使用 google_compute_instance 资源。

# Create a VM in a custom VPC network and subnet

resource "google_compute_instance" "custom_subnet" {
  name         = "my-vm-instance"
  tags         = ["allow-ssh"]
  zone         = "europe-west1-b"
  machine_type = "e2-small"
  network_interface {
    network    = google_compute_network.custom.id
    subnetwork = google_compute_subnetwork.custom.id
  }
  boot_disk {
    initialize_params {
      image = "debian-cloud/debian-12"
    }
  }
}

如需了解如何应用或移除 Terraform 配置，请参阅基本 Terraform 命令。

在 Terraform 中使用共享映像创建虚拟机的过程与使用公开提供的映像创建虚拟机的过程相同。

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往虚拟机实例页面。

   转到“虚拟机实例”

2. 点击创建实例。
3. 指定所需的参数。
4. 在页面顶部或底部，点击等效代码，然后点击 Terraform 标签页以查看 Terraform 代码。

Go

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Go 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstanceWithSubnet creates a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system in specified network and subnetwork.
func createInstanceWithSubnet(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName, networkLink, subnetworkLink string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// networkLink := "global/networks/default"
	// subnetworkLink := "regions/region/subnetworks/subnetwork_name"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	imagesClient, err := compute.NewImagesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewImagesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer imagesClient.Close()

	// List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details.
	newestDebianReq := &computepb.GetFromFamilyImageRequest{
		Project: "debian-cloud",
		Family:  "debian-12",
	}
	newestDebian, err := imagesClient.GetFromFamily(ctx, newestDebianReq)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get image from family: %w", err)
	}

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
			Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb:  proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: newestDebian.SelfLink,
						DiskType:    proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone)),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
			},
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/n1-standard-1", zone)),
			NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
				{
					Name:       proto.String(networkLink),
					Subnetwork: proto.String(subnetworkLink),
				},
			},
		},
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Java 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk.Type;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Image;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ImagesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstancesAdvanced {

  /**
   * Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the source
   * for the new disk.
   *
   * @param diskType the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)". For example:
   * "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
   * @param diskSizeGb size of the new disk in gigabytes
   * @param boot boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an
   * instance
   * @param sourceImage source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to
   * this disk. This can be one of the publicly available images or an image from one of your
   * projects. This value uses the following format:
   * "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
   * @return AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
   */
  private static AttachedDisk diskFromImage(String diskType, int diskSizeGb, boolean boot,
      String sourceImage) {
    AttachedDisk disk =
        AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
            .setBoot(boot)
            // Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when
            // you delete your VM instance.
            .setAutoDelete(true)
            .setType(Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
            .setInitializeParams(
                AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                    .setSourceImage(sourceImage)
                    .setDiskSizeGb(diskSizeGb)
                    .setDiskType(diskType)
                    .build())
            .build();
    return disk;
  }


  /**
   * Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.
   *
   * @param project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
   * @param zone name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
   * @param instanceName name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
   * @param disks a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks you want to attach
   * to your new instance.
   * @param machineType machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
   * For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
   * @param network name of the network you want the new instance to use. For example:
   * "global/networks/default" represents the network named "default", which is created
   * automatically for each project.
   * @param subnetwork name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use. This value uses the
   * following format: "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
   * @return Instance object.
   */
  private static Instance createWithDisks(String project, String zone, String instanceName,
      Vector<AttachedDisk> disks, String machineType, String network, String subnetwork)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {
      // Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
      NetworkInterface networkInterface;
      if (subnetwork != null) {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).setSubnetwork(subnetwork)
            .build();
      } else {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).build();
      }

      machineType = String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType);

      // Bind `instanceName`, `machineType`, `disk`, and `networkInterface` to an instance.
      Instance instanceResource =
          Instance.newBuilder()
              .setName(instanceName)
              .setMachineType(machineType)
              .addAllDisks(disks)
              .addNetworkInterfaces(networkInterface)
              .build();

      System.out.printf("Creating instance: %s at %s ", instanceName, zone);

      // Insert the instance in the specified project and zone.
      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instanceResource).build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.insertAsync(
          insertInstanceRequest);

      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation failed ! ! " + response);
        return null;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());

      return instancesClient.get(project, zone, instanceName);
    }
  }

Node.js

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Node.js 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const networkLink = 'global/networks/default';
// const subnetworkLink = 'regions/europe-central2/subnetworks/default';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Creates a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system in specified network and subnetwork.
async function createInstanceWithSubnet() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();
  const imagesClient = new compute.ImagesClient();

  // List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details.
  const [newestDebian] = await imagesClient.getFromFamily({
    project: 'debian-cloud',
    family: 'debian-11',
  });

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '10',
            sourceImage: newestDebian.selfLink,
            diskType: `zones/${zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard`,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/n1-standard-1`,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          name: networkLink,
          subnetwork: subnetworkLink,
        },
      ],
    },
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstanceWithSubnet();

Python

试用此示例之前，请按照《Compute Engine 快速入门：使用客户端库》中的 Python 设置说明进行操作。 如需了解详情，请参阅 Compute Engine Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)


def create_with_subnet(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str, network_link: str, subnet_link: str
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Create a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system in specified network and subnetwork.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    newest_debian = get_image_from_family(project="debian-cloud", family="debian-12")
    disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
    disks = [disk_from_image(disk_type, 10, True, newest_debian.self_link)]
    instance = create_instance(
        project_id,
        zone,
        instance_name,
        disks,
        network_link=network_link,
        subnetwork_link=subnet_link,
    )
    return instance

REST

按照使用映像创建虚拟机或使用快照创建虚拟机的 API 说明执行操作，但在请求正文中指定 subnet 字段。如需添加空白磁盘，请勿添加来源映像。您可以选择指定 diskSizeGb、diskType 和 labels 属性。

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
   "machineType":"zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
   "name":"VM_NAME",
   
   "disks":[
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "sourceImage":"projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
         },
         "boot":true
      }
   ],
   
   
   "networkInterfaces":[
      {
         "network":"global/networks/NETWORK_NAME",
         "subnetwork":"regions/REGION/subnetworks/SUBNET_NAME",
         "accessConfigs":{
            "name":"External NAT",
            "type":"ONE_TO_ONE_NAT"
         }
      }
   ],
   
  
   "shieldedInstanceConfig":{
      "enableSecureBoot":"ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT"
   }
}

请替换以下内容：

• PROJECT_ID：要在其中创建虚拟机的项目的 ID
• ZONE：要在其中创建虚拟机的可用区
• MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE：包含新虚拟机将使用的机器类型的可用区
• MACHINE_TYPE：新虚拟机的预定义或自定义机器类型
• VM_NAME：新虚拟机的名称
• IMAGE_PROJECT：包含映像的项目
  例如，如果您将 debian-10 指定为映像系列，请将 debian-cloud 指定为映像项目。
• IMAGE or IMAGE_FAMILY：指定以下其中一项：
  • IMAGE：公共映像的特定版本
    例如，"sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/debian-10-buster-v20200309"
  • IMAGE_FAMILY：映像系列
    用于通过最新的未弃用操作系统映像创建虚拟机。例如，如果您指定 "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-10"，则 Compute Engine 会通过 Debian 10 映像系列中最新版本的操作系统映像创建虚拟机。
• NETWORK_NAME：您要用于虚拟机的 VPC 网络。您可以指定 default 来使用默认网络。
• REGION：指定子网所在的区域
• SUBNET_NAME：子网的名称

• ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT（可选）：如果您选择了支持安全强化型虚拟机功能的映像，则 Compute Engine 会默认启用虚拟可信平台模块 (vTPM) 和完整性监控。默认情况下，Compute Engine 不会启用安全启动。

  如果为 enableSecureBoot 指定 true，则 Compute Engine 会创建一个启用了所有三项安全强化型虚拟机功能的虚拟机。在 Compute Engine 启动您的虚拟机后，如需修改安全强化型虚拟机选项，您必须停止该虚拟机。

创建为 Ops Agent 监控和日志记录配置的虚拟机

Ops Agent 会收集虚拟机的遥测数据，供您之后用于问题排查和性能调整。 您可以在创建虚拟机时或在现有虚拟机上安装 Ops Agent，如以下主题中所述：

• 使用 Google Cloud 控制台创建虚拟机时安装 Ops Agent：通过选中创建实例页面上的安装用于监控和日志记录的 Ops Agent 复选框来允许自动安装 Ops Agent。此选项会在功能受限模式下启用虚拟机管理器，并创建用于在虚拟机上安装 Ops Agent 的操作系统政策分配任务。如需了解详情，请参阅在创建虚拟机期间安装 Ops Agent。

• 在现有虚拟机上安装 Ops Agent：使用 Google Cloud 控制台、gcloud CLI 或自动化工具在一组虚拟机或单个虚拟机上安装 Ops Agent。如需查看相关说明，请参阅安装 Ops Agent。

  注意：如果您安装 Ops Agent，则可能需要为代理发送到 Google Cloud 项目的指标和日志付费。如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud Observability 价格。

  问题排查

  如需查找解决常见虚拟机创建错误的方法，请参阅排查虚拟机创建问题。

  后续步骤

  • 查看虚拟机的状态以了解其何时可用。

  • 了解如何使用快照备份磁盘。

  • 了解如何创建非启动存储磁盘并将其挂接到您的虚拟机，以便在启动磁盘外单独存储您的数据。

  • 了解如何连接到您的虚拟机。

  • 了解如何将虚拟机横向扩容为一组虚拟机。

  自行试用

  如果您是 Google Cloud 新手，请创建一个账号来评估 Compute Engine 在实际场景中的表现。新客户还可获享 $300 赠金，用于运行、测试和部署工作负载。

  免费试用 Compute Engine