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Linux
Diagram performa menurut jenis disk
menjelaskan performa maksimum yang dapat dicapai untuk partisi SSD lokal. Untuk mengoptimalkan aplikasi dan instance VM Anda guna mencapai kecepatan ini, gunakan praktik terbaik berikut:
Menggunakan pengoptimalan lingkungan tamu untuk SSD Lokal
Secara default, sebagian besar image Linux yang disediakan Compute Engine menjalankan skrip pengoptimalan yang mengonfigurasi instance untuk performa puncak SSD Lokal secara otomatis. Skrip tersebut memungkinkan
setelan antrean sysfs
yang meningkatkan performa keseluruhan mesin dan mask
permintaan interupsi (IRQ) ke CPU virtual (vCPU) tertentu. Skrip ini hanya mengoptimalkan performa untuk partisi SSD lokal Compute Engine.
Ubuntu, SLES, dan image sebelumnya lainnya mungkin tidak dikonfigurasi untuk menyertakan
pengoptimalan performa ini. Jika Anda menggunakan salah satu image ini, atau image yang lebih lama dari v20141218, Anda dapat menginstal lingkungan tamu untuk mengaktifkan pengoptimalan ini singkat ini.
Memilih antarmuka untuk menghubungkan SSD lokal Anda
Anda dapat menghubungkan SSD Lokal ke VM Anda menggunakan antarmuka NVMe atau antarmuka SCSI. Pilihan terbaik bergantung pada sistem operasi (OS) yang Anda
gunakan. Untuk sebagian besar konfigurasi workload yang melibatkan SSD Lokal, penggunaan antarmuka NVMe
akan menghasilkan performa yang lebih baik.
Jika Anda perlu menggunakan OS tertentu, pilih antarmuka
untuk partisi SSD lokal yang paling cocok dengan boot disk image Anda.
Jika Anda sudah memiliki penyiapan yang memerlukan penggunaan antarmuka SCSI, gunakan
image yang mendukung SCSI multi-antrean untuk mencapai performa
yang lebih baik dibandingkan antarmuka SCSI standar.
Mengaktifkan SCSI multi-antrean
Beberapa image publik mendukung SCSI multi-antrean. Untuk menggunakan SCSI multi-antrean pada image kustom
yang diimpor ke project, Anda harus mengaktifkannya sendiri. Image Linux
yang diimpor dapat menggunakan SCSI multi-antrean hanya jika image tersebut menyertakan kernel
versi 3.19 atau yang lebih baru.
Untuk mengaktifkan SCSI multi-antrean pada image kustom, impor image dengan fitur OS tamu VIRTIO_SCSI_MULTIQUEUE diaktifkan dan tambahkan
entri ke konfigurasi GRUB Anda:
CentOS
Hanya untuk CentOS7.
Impor image kustom menggunakan
API dan sertakan
item guestOsFeatures dengan nilai typeVIRTIO_SCSI_MULTIQUEUE.
Periksa nilai file /sys/module/scsi_mod/parameters/use_blk_mq
$ cat /sys/module/scsi_mod/parameters/use_blk_mq
Jika nilai file ini adalah Y, artinya SCSI multi-antrean sudah
diaktifkan pada image yang Anda impor. Jika nilai file adalah N,
sertakan scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y dalam entri GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX
di file konfigurasi GRUB Anda, lalu mulai ulang sistem.
Buka file konfigurasi GRUB /etc/default/grub
di editor teks.
$ sudo vi /etc/default/grub
Tambahkan scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y ke entri GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX.
Periksa nilai file /sys/module/scsi_mod/parameters/use_blk_mq.
$ cat /sys/module/scsi_mod/parameters/use_blk_mq
Jika nilai file ini adalah Y, artinya SCSI multi-antrean sudah
diaktifkan pada image yang Anda impor. Jika nilai file adalah N,
sertakan scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y dalam entri GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX
di file konfigurasi GRUB Anda, lalu mulai ulang sistem.
Buka file konfigurasi GRUB sudo nano /etc/default/grub
di editor teks.
$ sudo nano /etc/default/grub
Tambahkan scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y ke entri GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX.
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y"
Simpan file konfigurasi.
Jalankan perintah update-grub untuk membuat ulang file GRUB dan menyelesaikan
konfigurasi.
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Sulit dipahami","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informasi atau kode contoh salah","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Informasi/contoh yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-09-09 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eCompute Engine-provided Linux images automatically optimize for peak Local SSD performance by enabling specific queue \u003ccode\u003esysfs\u003c/code\u003e settings and masking interrupt requests (IRQs) to virtual CPUs (vCPUs).\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eFor optimal performance with Local SSDs, the NVMe interface is generally recommended, although the SCSI interface is an option, especially when compatibility is a concern, or when using older machine series.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eWhen using the SCSI interface, enabling multi-queue SCSI on your custom images, which requires kernel version 3.19 or later, can significantly enhance performance over standard SCSI.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo enable multi-queue SCSI on a custom Linux image, the image must be imported with the \u003ccode\u003eVIRTIO_SCSI_MULTIQUEUE\u003c/code\u003e guest OS feature enabled, and the \u003ccode\u003escsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y\u003c/code\u003e parameter must be included in the GRUB config.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["Linux\n\n*** ** * ** ***\n\nThe [performance by disk type chart](/compute/docs/disks/local-ssd#performance)\ndescribes the maximum achievable performance for local SSD partitions. To\noptimize your apps and VM instances to achieve these speeds, use the following\nbest practices:\n\nUse guest environment optimizations for Local SSDs\n\nBy default, most Compute Engine-provided Linux images\nautomatically run an optimization script that configures the instance for peak\nLocal SSD performance. The script enables certain\n[queue `sysfs` settings](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.rst)\nthat enhance the overall performance of your machine and mask\n[interrupt requests (IRQs)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_request)\nto specific virtual CPUs (vCPUs). This script only optimizes performance for\nCompute Engine local SSD partitions.\n\nUbuntu, SLES, and other earlier images might not be configured to include this\nperformance optimization. If you are using any of these images or an image\nthat is earlier than **v20141218** , you can\n[install the guest environment](/compute/docs/images/install-guest-environment)\nto enable these optimizations.\n\nChoose an interface to connect your local SSDs\n\nYou can connect Local SSDs to your VMs using either the NVMe interface or\nthe SCSI interface. The best choice depends on the operating system (OS) you are\nusing. For most workload configurations involving Local SSDs, using the NVMe\ninterface leads to better performance.\n| **Note:** Newer machine series (third generation) support only the NVMe disk interface.\n\n- **If you need to use a specific OS** , [choose an interface](/compute/docs/disks/local-ssd#choose_an_interface)\n for your local SSD partitions that works best with your boot disk image.\n\n- **If you have an existing setup that requires using a SCSI interface** , use an\n image that supports [multi-queue SCSI](#multiqueue) to achieve better\n performance over the standard SCSI interface.\n\nEnable multi-queue SCSI\n\nSome public images support multi-queue SCSI. To use multi-queue SCSI on custom\nimages that you import to your project, you must enable it yourself. Your\nimported Linux images can use multi-queue SCSI only if they include kernel\nversion `3.19` or later.\n\nTo enable multi-queue SCSI on a custom image, import the image with the\n`VIRTIO_SCSI_MULTIQUEUE` guest OS feature enabled and add\nan entry to your GRUB config: \n\nCentOS\n\nFor CentOS7 only.\n\n1. Import your custom image using the\n [API](/compute/docs/reference/latest/instances) and include a\n `guestOsFeatures` item with a `type` value of `VIRTIO_SCSI_MULTIQUEUE`.\n\n2. Create an instance using your custom image and\n [attach one or more local SSDs](/compute/docs/disks/add-local-ssd#create_local_ssd).\n\n3. [Connect to your instance](/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-instance)\n through SSH.\n\n4. Check the value of the `/sys/module/scsi_mod/parameters/use_blk_mq` file\n\n ```\n $ cat /sys/module/scsi_mod/parameters/use_blk_mq\n ```\n\n If the value of this file is `Y`, then multi-queue SCSI is already\n enabled on your imported image. If the value of the file is `N`,\n include `scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y` in the `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX` entry\n in your GRUB config file and restart the system.\n 1. Open the `/etc/default/grub` GRUB config file\n in a text editor.\n\n ```\n $ sudo vi /etc/default/grub\n ```\n 2. Add `scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y` to the `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX` entry.\n\n GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\" vconsole.keymap=us console=ttyS0,38400n8 vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y\"\n\n 3. Save the config file.\n\n 4. Run the `grub2-mkconfig` command to regenerate the GRUB file and\n complete the configuration.\n\n ```\n $ sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg\n ```\n 5. Reboot the instance.\n\n ```\n $ sudo reboot\n ```\n\nUbuntu\n\n1. Import your custom image using the\n [Compute Engine API](/compute/docs/reference/latest/instances)\n and include a\n `guestOsFeatures` item with a `type` value of `VIRTIO_SCSI_MULTIQUEUE`.\n\n2. Create an instance using your custom image and\n [attach one or more local SSDs](/compute/docs/disks/local-ssd#create_local_ssd)\n using the SCSI interface.\n\n3. [Connect to your instance](/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-instance)\n through SSH.\n\n4. Check the value of the `/sys/module/scsi_mod/parameters/use_blk_mq` file.\n\n ```\n $ cat /sys/module/scsi_mod/parameters/use_blk_mq\n ```\n\n If the value of this file is `Y`, then multi-queue SCSI is already\n enabled on your imported image. If the value of the file is `N`,\n include `scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y` in the `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX` entry\n in your GRUB config file and restart the system.\n 1. Open the `sudo nano /etc/default/grub` GRUB config file\n in a text editor.\n\n ```\n $ sudo nano /etc/default/grub\n ```\n 2. Add `scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y` to the `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX` entry.\n\n GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"scsi_mod.use_blk_mq=Y\"\n\n 3. Save the config file.\n\n 4. Run the `update-grub` command to regenerate the GRUB file and complete\n the configuration.\n\n ```\n $ sudo update-grub\n ```\n 5. Reboot the instance.\n\n ```\n $ sudo reboot\n ```\n\nWhat's next\n\n- [Benchmark your local SSDs](/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-local-ssd-performance).\n- [Learn about local SSD pricing](/compute/disks-image-pricing#localssdpricing)."]]
