고성능이 중요한 애플리케이션의 경우 Extreme Persistent Disk을 사용하세요.
Extreme Persistent Disk 볼륨은 다른 Persistent Disk 볼륨보다 최대 IOPS 및 처리량이 높으며 IOPS 및 용량을 별도로 프로비저닝할 수 있습니다. Extreme Persistent Disk는 모든 영역에서 사용할 수 있습니다.
Extreme Persistent Disk를 만들 때는 2,500~120,000 IOPS를 프로비저닝할 수 있습니다.
IOPS가 125,000개를 초과하는 경우 Google Cloud Hyperdisk를 사용하는 것이 좋습니다.
Hyperdisk는 Compute Engine에서 가장 높은 IOPS 및 처리량을 제공하며 최신 머신 유형에서 사용할 수 있습니다.
이 문서에서는 Extreme Persistent Disk 사용 시의 여러 제한사항, 가능한 최대 성능 수준에 도달하기 위한 고려사항, Google Cloud 콘솔, gcloud CLI, REST를 사용하여 IOPS를 프로비저닝하는 방법을 설명합니다.
시작하기 전에
아직 인증을 설정하지 않았다면 설정합니다.
인증은 Google Cloud 서비스 및 API에 액세스하기 위해 ID를 확인하는 프로세스입니다.
로컬 개발 환경에서 코드 또는 샘플을 실행하려면 다음 옵션 중 하나를 선택하여 Compute Engine에 인증하면 됩니다.
Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console
When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and
APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud
After installing the Google Cloud CLI,
initialize it by running the following command:
다른 모든 머신 유형은 프로덕션 용도로 지원되지 않습니다.
지원되지 않는 머신 유형을 사용하려면 대신 Hyperdisk를 사용하는 것이 좋습니다.
vCPU가 64개 또는 80개인 N2 VM은 지정된 성능 한도에 도달하려면 Intel Ice Lake CPU 플랫폼이 필요합니다. Intel Cascade Lake CPU 플랫폼을 사용하는 N2 VM은 성능이 약간 낮습니다. 자세한 내용은 VM 인스턴스의 최소 CPU 플랫폼 설정을 참조하세요.
Extreme Persistent Disk의 성능 한도
다음 표에는 지원되는 머신 유형의 성능 한도가 나와 있습니다.
머신 유형
vCPU 수
최대 IOPS
최대 읽기 처리량(MB/초)
최대 쓰기 처리량(MB/초)
N2
Intel Cascade Lake에서 64개 또는 80개
120,000
2,200
2,200
Intel Ice Lake에서 64개 이상
120,000
4,000
3,000
M2
208
40,000
2,200
1,200
416
40,000
2,200
1,200
M3
64개 이하
40,000
2,200
1,200
128
80,000
2,200
1,700
성능 한도 및 워크로드 패턴
Extreme Persistent Disk 볼륨에서 제공하는 최대 성능 수준에 도달하려면 다음 워크로드 파라미터를 고려해야 합니다.
I/O 크기: 최대 IOPS 한도는 4KB 또는 8KB의 I/O 크기를 사용한다고 가정합니다. 최대 처리량 한도는 1MB의 I/O 크기를 사용한다고 가정합니다.
큐 길이: 큐 길이는 영구 디스크에 대해 대기 중인 요청 수입니다. 최대 성능 한도에 도달하려면 워크로드의 I/O 크기, IOPS, 지연 시간 민감도에 따라 큐 길이를 조정해야 합니다. 최적의 큐 길이는 각 워크로드에 따라 다르지만 일반적으로 128보다 커야 합니다.
작업 세트 크기: 작업 세트 크기는 짧은 기간 동안 액세스되는 디스크의 데이터 양입니다. 최적의 성능을 얻으려면 작업 세트 크기를 1.5TB 미만으로 제한합니다.
다른 영구 디스크의 동시 사용: Extreme Persistent Disk는 VM당 최대 IOPS 및 처리량 한도를 동일한 VM에 연결된 다른 모든 영구 디스크와 공유합니다. Extreme Persistent Disk의 성능을 모니터링할 때는 동일한 VM에 연결된 다른 디스크에 전송하는 모든 I/O 요청을 고려하세요.
기타 제한사항
Extreme Persistent Disk 볼륨은 영역 전용입니다. 리전 Extreme Persistent Disk는 만들 수 없습니다.
읽기 전용 모드의 여러 VM 인스턴스를 Extreme Persistent Disk에 연결할 수 없습니다.
[[["이해하기 쉬움","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["문제가 해결됨","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["기타","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["이해하기 어려움","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["잘못된 정보 또는 샘플 코드","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["필요한 정보/샘플이 없음","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["번역 문제","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["기타","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["최종 업데이트: 2025-07-30(UTC)"],[[["\u003cp\u003eExtreme persistent disks are designed for high-performance applications, offering adjustable IOPS from 2,500 to 120,000, and allow independent provisioning of IOPS and capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo achieve maximum performance with extreme persistent disks, use large machine types like M2, M3, or N2-64 and larger, as other machine types may have performance limitations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003ePerformance is influenced by I/O size, queue length, working set size, and the concurrent use of other persistent disks, with maximum throughput limits being the total sum of read and write operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can create extreme persistent disks using the Google Cloud console, gcloud CLI, or REST API by specifying the desired IOPS limit and size, and it's worth noting there is a cost associated with the provisioned IOPS.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eExtreme persistent disks have several restrictions, including being zonal-only, not supporting multiple VM read-only attachments, and limiting resizing to once every 6 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Extreme Persistent Disk\n\nLinux Windows\n\n*** ** * ** ***\n\nFor high-end performance-critical applications, use Extreme Persistent Disk volumes.\nExtreme Persistent Disk volumes feature higher maximum IOPS and throughput than\nother Persistent Disk volumes, and let you provision IOPS and capacity\nseparately. Extreme Persistent Disk is available in all [zones](/compute/docs/regions-zones).\n\nWhen you create an Extreme Persistent Disk, you can provision 2,500 to 120,000 IOPS.\nIf you need more than 125,000 IOPS, we recommend [Google Cloud Hyperdisk](/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks).\nHyperdisk offers the highest IOPS and throughput in Compute Engine\nand is available on the latest machine types.\n\nThis document explains several restrictions of using Extreme Persistent Disk,\nconsiderations for reaching maximum possible performance levels, and how to provision IOPS\nusing the Google Cloud console, the gcloud CLI or\nREST.\n\nBefore you begin\n----------------\n\n- If you haven't already, set up [authentication](/compute/docs/authentication). Authentication verifies your identity for access to Google Cloud services and APIs. To run code or samples from a local development environment, you can authenticate to Compute Engine by selecting one of the following options:\n\n Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page: \n\n ### Console\n\n\n When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and\n APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.\n\n ### gcloud\n\n 1.\n [Install](/sdk/docs/install) the Google Cloud CLI.\n\n After installation,\n [initialize](/sdk/docs/initializing) the Google Cloud CLI by running the following command:\n\n ```bash\n gcloud init\n ```\n\n\n If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first\n [sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity](/iam/docs/workforce-log-in-gcloud).\n | **Note:** If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running `gcloud components update`.\n 2. [Set a default region and zone](/compute/docs/gcloud-compute#set_default_zone_and_region_in_your_local_client).\n\n ### REST\n\n\n To use the REST API samples on this page in a local development environment, you use the\n credentials you provide to the gcloud CLI.\n 1. [Install](/sdk/docs/install) the Google Cloud CLI. After installation, [initialize](/sdk/docs/initializing) the Google Cloud CLI by running the following command: \n\n ```bash\n gcloud init\n ```\n 2. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first [sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity](/iam/docs/workforce-log-in-gcloud).\n\n\n For more information, see\n [Authenticate for using REST](/docs/authentication/rest)\n in the Google Cloud authentication documentation.\n\nMachine shape support\n---------------------\n\nYou can use N2, M2 and M3 machine series with Extreme Persistent Disk. N2 VMs\nrequire at least 64 vCPUs.The following is list of machine types that support the\nmaximum performance levels offered by Extreme Persistent Disk:\n\n- [N2](/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#n2_series):\n\n - **`n2-*-64`**\n - **`n2-*-80`**\n - **`n2-*-96`**\n - **`n2-*-128`**\n- [M2](/compute/docs/memory-optimized-machines#m2_series):\n\n - **`m2-*-208`**\n - **`m2-*-416`**\n- [M3](/compute/docs/memory-optimized-machines#m3_series):\n\n - **`m3-*-32`**\n - **`m3-*-64`**\n\nAll other machine types are not supported for production use.\nIf you'd like to use an unsupported machine type, we recommend\n[Hyperdisk](/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks) instead.\n\nN2 VMs with 64 or 80 vCPUs require the Intel Ice Lake CPU platform to reach the\nstated performance limits. N2 VMs using Intel Cascade Lake CPU platforms will\nhave slightly lower performance. For more information, see [setting the minimum\nCPU platform for VM instances](/compute/docs/instances/specify-min-cpu-platform#startinginstancewithmincpuplatform).\n\nPerformance limits for Extreme Persistent Disk\n----------------------------------------------\n\nThe following table lists the performance limits for the supported machine types.\n\n### Performance limits and workload patterns\n\nTo reach the maximum performance levels offered by Extreme Persistent Disk volumes,\nyou must consider the following workload parameters:\n\n- **I/O size**: Maximum IOPS limits assume that you are using an I/O size of 4 or 8 KB. Maximum throughput limits assume that you are using an I/O size of 1 MB.\n- **Queue length**: Queue length is the number of pending requests for a persistent disk. To reach maximum performance limits, you must tune your queue length according to the I/O size, IOPS, and latency sensitivity of your workload. Optimal queue length varies for each workload, but typically should be larger than 128.\n- **Working set size**: Working set size is the amount of data of a disk being accessed within a short period of time. To achieve optimal performance, limit working set sizes to less than 1.5 TB.\n- **Concurrent use of other persistent disks**: Extreme Persistent Disk volumes share the per-VM maximum IOPS and throughput limits with all other persistent disks attached to the same VM. When monitoring the performance of your Extreme Persistent Disk volumes, take into account any I/O requests that you are sending to other disks attached to the same VM.\n\nOther restrictions\n------------------\n\n- Extreme Persistent Disk volumes are zonal only. You can't create regional Extreme Persistent Disks.\n- You cannot attach multiple VM instances in read-only mode to an Extreme Persistent Disk volume.\n- You cannot [create an image or machine image](/compute/docs/images/create-delete-deprecate-private-images#create_image) from an extreme persistent disk.\n- You can resize an Extreme Persistent Disk only once in a 6 hour period.\n\nThroughput\n----------\n\nFor Extreme Persistent Disk volumes, throughput scales with the number of IOPS you\nprovision at a rate of 256 KB of throughput per I/O. However,\nthroughput is ultimately capped by per-instance limits that depend on the number\nof vCPUs on the VM instance to which your extreme disks are attached.\n\nThroughput for Extreme Persistent Disk volumes isn't full duplex. The maximum\nthroughput limits listed in this document apply to the sum total of read and\nwrite throughput.\n\nProvisioning IOPS\n-----------------\n\nTo provision IOPS to match your workload requirements, do the following:\n\n1. Note the IOPS requirement of your workload.\n2. Determine the IOPS required to fulfill the throughput requirements of your workload.\n - Required IOPS = throughput in KB per second / 256\n3. Set the provisioned IOPS to the larger of the two numbers.\n\n### Console\n\n1. [Create a new persistent disk](/compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk#console).\n2. Under **Disk type** , select **Extreme persistent disk**.\n3. Under **Provisioned IOPS**, select the maximum IOPS limit in the range of 2,500 to 120,000 IOPS. There is a cost associated with the provisioned IOPS.\n\n### gcloud\n\nUse the [`gcloud compute disks create` command](/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/disks/create)\nto create a new disk and include the following flags: \n\n```\ngcloud compute disks create DISK_NAME \\\n --size=DISK_SIZE \\\n --type=pd-extreme \\\n --provisioned-iops=IOPS_LIMIT\n```\n\nReplace the following:\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDISK_NAME\u003c/var\u003e: the name of the new disk\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDISK_SIZE\u003c/var\u003e: the size, in GB, of the new disk. The default disk size for Extreme Persistent Disk volumes is 1,000 GB.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eIOPS_LIMIT\u003c/var\u003e: the maximum IOPS limit in the range of 2,500 to 120,000 IOPS. There is a cost associated with the provisioned IOPS.\n\n### REST\n\nUse the [`disks.insert` method](/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/disks/insert)\nto create a new disk and include the following flags: \n\n```\nPOST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/disks\n\n{\n \"name\": \"DISK_NAME\",\n \"type\": \"zones/ZONE/diskTypes/pd-extreme\"\n \"provisionedIops\": \"IOPS_LIMIT\"\n}\n```\n\nReplace the following:\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e: your project ID\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eZONE\u003c/var\u003e: the target zone for the disk\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDISK_NAME\u003c/var\u003e: a name for the disk\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eIOPS_LIMIT\u003c/var\u003e: the maximum IOPS limit in the range of 2,500 to 120,000 IOPS. There is a cost associated with the provisioned IOPS.\n\nWhat's next?\n------------\n\n- Review [disk pricing](/compute/disks-image-pricing#disk) information.\n- Review [disk performance metrics](/compute/docs/disks/review-disk-metrics).\n- Learn how to [add an Extreme Persistent Disk volume to your VM](/compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk).\n- Learn how to [clone an Extreme Persistent Disk volume](/compute/docs/disks/clone-duplicate-disks)."]]