Conectar-se a VMs do Linux usando Cloud VPN ou Cloud Interconnect
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Linux
Este documento descreve como se conectar a uma instância de máquina virtual (VM) por meio do endereço IP interno, a partir de uma rede no local que utiliza o Cloud VPN ou
Cloud Interconnect
para conectar à rede VPC da VM.
A conexão com uma VM usando o endereço IP interno dela é útil quando a VM não tem um endereço IP externo. Se a VM tiver um endereço IP externo,
conecte-se à VM usando o endereço IP externo.
Se a rede no local não estiver conectada à rede VPC da VM
e você precisar se conectar ao endereço IP interno da VM, analise os
outros métodos listados em
Opções de conexão somente para VMs internas.
Sistemas operacionais compatíveis
Esses métodos de conexão são compatíveis com todas as
imagens públicas do Linux disponíveis no
Compute Engine. Para imagens do Fedora CoreOS, é necessário
configurar o acesso SSH
antes de usar esses métodos.
Conectar-se às VMs
Para se conectar a uma VM, conclua as etapas em uma das guias a seguir.
At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a
Cloud Shell
session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment
with the Google Cloud CLI
already installed and with values already set for
your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.
Conecte-se à VM executando o seguinte comando:
gcloud compute ssh VM-NAME \
--internal-ip
Substitua VM_NAME pelo nome da VM a que você quer se conectar.
IAP Desktop
Para se conectar a uma VM usando o IAP Desktop, faça o seguinte:
PATH_TO_PRIVATE_KEY: o caminho para o arquivo de
chave SSH privada que corresponde à chave pública adicionada à VM.
USERNAME:
seu
nome de usuário. Se você gerencia suas chaves SSH em
metadados, o nome de usuário será aquele que você especificou
quando criou a chave SSH.
Para
contas do Login do SO, o nome de usuário é
definido no seu perfil do Google.
Por exemplo, cloudysanfrancisco_example_com ou cloudysanfrancisco.
INTERNAL_IP: o endereço IP interno da
VM.
App PuTTY
Para se conectar por meio do endereço IP interno de uma VM usando PuTTY, faça o seguinte:
Abra o app PuTTY. Uma janela de configuração de conexão será aberta.
No campo Host Name, digite o nome de usuário associado à chave SSH
e
o endereço IP interno
da VM a que você quer se conectar. Use o seguinte formato:
USERNAME@INTERNAL_IP
Substitua:
USERNAME:
seu
nome de usuário. Se você gerencia suas chaves SSH em
metadados, o nome de usuário será aquele que você especificou quando
criou a chave SSH.
Para
contas do Login do SO, o nome de usuário é
definido no seu perfil do Google.
Por exemplo, cloudysanfrancisco_example_com ou cloudysanfrancisco.
INTERNAL_IP: o endereço IP interno da
VM.
No menu Category, navegue até
Connection > SSH > Auth.
No campo Arquivo de chave privada para autenticação, selecione o arquivo da chave SSH privada que corresponde à chave pública adicionada à VM.
Clique em Abrir para se conectar à VM.
Solução de problemas
Para encontrar métodos de diagnóstico e resolução de conexões SSH com falha, consulte
Solução de problemas de SSH.
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informações incorretas ou exemplo de código","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Não contém as informações/amostras de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-04-22 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis guide outlines methods for connecting to a Linux virtual machine (VM) using its internal IP address, specifically from an on-premises network linked via Cloud VPN or Cloud Interconnect.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eConnecting via internal IP is particularly useful when the VM lacks an external IP address, though alternative connection methods exist for internal-only VMs.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe document supports connections to all public Linux images available on Compute Engine, and details connection methods using gcloud, IAP Desktop, OpenSSH clients, and PuTTY.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe guide provides instructions on how to initiate SSH connections using various methods, including command-line tools and graphical interfaces.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting resources are available to help resolve any issues that may occur when connecting via SSH to a VM.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Connect to Linux VMs using Cloud VPN or Cloud Interconnect\n\nLinux\n\n*** ** * ** ***\n\nThis document describes how to connect to a virtual machine (VM) instance\nthrough its internal IP address, from an on-premises network that uses\n[Cloud VPN](/network-connectivity/docs/vpn/concepts/overview) or\n[Cloud Interconnect](/network-connectivity/docs/interconnect/concepts/overview)\nto connect to the VM's VPC network.\n\nConnecting to a VM using its internal IP address is useful if the VM doesn't\nhave an external IP address. If the VM does have an external IP address,\n[connect to the VM using its external IP address](/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-instance).\nIf your on-premises network isn't connected to your VM's VPC\nnetwork and you need to connect to your VM's internal IP address, review the\nother methods listed in\n[Connection options for internal-only VMs](/compute/docs/connect/ssh-internal-ip).\n\nSupported operating systems\n---------------------------\n\nThese connection methods are supported for all\n[public Linux images](/compute/docs/images/os-details) that are available on\nCompute Engine. For Fedora CoreOS images, you must\n[set up SSH access](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-coreos/tutorial-containers/)\nbefore you can use these methods.\n\nConnect to VMs\n--------------\n\nTo connect to a VM, complete the steps in one of the following tabs. \n\n### gcloud\n\nConnect to a VM using SSH by running the\n[`gcloud compute ssh` command](/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/ssh) with the\n[`--internal-ip` flag](/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/ssh#--internal-ip):\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.\n\n [Activate Cloud Shell](https://console.cloud.google.com/?cloudshell=true)\n\n\n At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a\n [Cloud Shell](/shell/docs/how-cloud-shell-works)\n session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment\n with the Google Cloud CLI\n already installed and with values already set for\n your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.\n2. Connect to the VM by running the following command:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute ssh VM-NAME \\\n --internal-ip\n ```\n3. Replace \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVM_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of the VM that you want to connect to.\n\n| **Note:** When you connect to VMs using the gcloud CLI, Compute Engine creates a persistent SSH key for you. For more information about SSH keys, see [SSH connections to Linux VMs](/compute/docs/instances/ssh).\n\n### IAP Desktop\n\nTo connect to a VM using IAP Desktop, do the following:\n\n1.\n [Install IAP Desktop](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/iap-desktop/)\n on your workstation if you haven't already.\n\n2.\n Open IAP Desktop. The **Add projects** window opens.\n\n3.\n\n When prompted, sign in using the Google account that has access to the project with the VMs\n you want to connect to.\n\n4.\n In the **Add projects** window, enter the project ID or name of the\n project that contains the VMs you want to connect to.\n\n5.\n In the **Project Explorer** window, right-click the name of the VM that\n you want to connect to and select **Connection settings**.\n\n6.\n In the **Connection settings** window, set **Connect via**\n to **Vpc**.\n\n7.\n In the **Project Explorer** window, right-click the name of the VM\n again and select **Connect** to connect to the VM.\n\n### OpenSSH clients\n\nConnect through a VM's internal IP address from an OpenSSH client, by doing the following:\n\n1. [Add an SSH key to the VM](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys) if you haven't already.\n2. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM Instances** page and find the\n\n internal IP address\n\n of the\n\n VM that you want to connect to.\n\n [Go to VM Instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n3. Open a terminal on your workstation.\n4. Connect to the\n\n VM by running the following command:\n\n ```\n ssh -i PATH_TO_PRIVATE_KEY USERNAME@INTERNAL_IP\n ```\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePATH_TO_PRIVATE_KEY\u003c/var\u003e: the path to the private SSH key file that corresponds to the public key you added to the VM.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eUSERNAME\u003c/var\u003e: your username. If you manage your SSH keys in metadata, the username is what you specified when you [created the SSH key](/compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys). For OS Login accounts, the username is [defined in your Google profile](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys#os-login). For example, `cloudysanfrancisco_example_com` or `cloudysanfrancisco`.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINTERNAL_IP\u003c/var\u003e: the internal IP address of the VM.\n\n### PuTTY app\n\nConnect through a VM's internal IP address using PuTTY, by doing the following:\n\n1. [Add an SSH key](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys) to the VM if you haven't already.\n2. If your workstation doesn't already have the PuTTY app installed, [download the PuTTY package files](http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html).\n3. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM Instances** page and find the\n\n internal IP address\n\n of the VM that you want to connect to.\n\n [Go to VM Instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n4. Open the PuTTY app. A connection configuration window opens.\n5. In the `Host Name` field, enter the username associated with the SSH key, and\n the\n\n internal IP address\n\n of the VM that you want to connect to. Use the following format:\n\n ```\n USERNAME@INTERNAL_IP\n ```\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eUSERNAME\u003c/var\u003e: your username. If you manage your SSH keys in metadata, the username is what you specified when you [created the SSH key](/compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys). For OS Login accounts, the username is [defined in your Google profile](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys#os-login). For example, `cloudysanfrancisco_example_com` or `cloudysanfrancisco`.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINTERNAL_IP\u003c/var\u003e: the internal IP address of the VM.\n6. In the **Category** menu, navigate to **Connection \\\u003e\n SSH \\\u003e Auth**.\n7. In the **Private key file for authentication** field, select the private SSH key file that corresponds to the public key you added to the VM.\n8. Click **Open** to connect to the VM.\n\nTroubleshooting\n---------------\n\nTo find methods for diagnosing and resolving failed SSH connections, see\n[Troubleshooting SSH](/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ssh).\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- Learn how to [manage access to VMs](/compute/docs/instances/access-overview).\n- Learn how to [transfer files to VMs](/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files).\n- Learn how [SSH connections to Linux VMs](/compute/docs/instances/ssh) work on Compute Engine."]]