Menghubungkan ke VM Linux menggunakan Cloud VPN atau Cloud Interconnect
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Linux
Dokumen ini menjelaskan cara terhubung ke instance mesin virtual (VM)
melalui alamat IP internalnya, dari jaringan lokal yang menggunakan
Cloud VPN atau
Cloud Interconnect
untuk terhubung ke jaringan VPC VM.
Terhubung ke VM menggunakan alamat IP internalnya akan berguna jika VM tidak memiliki alamat IP eksternal. Jika VM memiliki alamat IP eksternal, hubungkan ke VM menggunakan alamat IP eksternalnya.
Jika jaringan lokal Anda tidak terhubung ke jaringan VPC VM dan Anda perlu terhubung ke alamat IP internal VM, tinjau metode lain yang tercantum dalam Opsi koneksi untuk VM internal saja.
Sistem operasi yang didukung
Metode koneksi ini didukung untuk semua image Linux publik yang tersedia di Compute Engine. Untuk image Fedora CoreOS, Anda harus menyiapkan akses SSH sebelum dapat menggunakan metode ini.
Menghubungkan ke VM
Untuk terhubung ke VM, selesaikan langkah-langkah di salah satu tab berikut.
At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a
Cloud Shell
session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment
with the Google Cloud CLI
already installed and with values already set for
your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.
Hubungkan ke VM dengan menjalankan perintah berikut:
gcloud compute ssh VM-NAME \
--internal-ip
Ganti VM_NAME dengan nama VM yang ingin Anda hubungkan.
Desktop IAP
Untuk terhubung ke VM menggunakan IAP Desktop, lakukan langkah berikut:
Hubungkan ke VM dengan menjalankan perintah berikut:
ssh -i PATH_TO_PRIVATE_KEYUSERNAME@INTERNAL_IP
Ganti kode berikut:
PATH_TO_PRIVATE_KEY: jalur ke file kunci SSH pribadi yang sesuai dengan kunci publik yang Anda tambahkan ke VM.
USERNAME:
nama
pengguna Anda. Jika Anda mengelola kunci SSH di
metadata, nama pengguna adalah nama yang Anda tetapkan saat
membuat kunci SSH.
Untuk
akun Login OS, nama pengguna
ditentukan di profil Google Anda.
Misalnya, cloudysanfrancisco_example_com atau cloudysanfrancisco.
INTERNAL_IP: alamat IP internal VM.
Aplikasi PuTTY
Hubungkan melalui alamat IP internal VM menggunakan PuTTY, dengan melakukan langkah berikut:
Buka aplikasi PuTTY. Jendela konfigurasi koneksi akan terbuka.
Di kolom Host Name, masukkan nama pengguna yang terkait dengan kunci SSH, dan alamat IP internal VM yang ingin Anda hubungkan. Gunakan format berikut:
USERNAME@INTERNAL_IP
Ganti kode berikut:
USERNAME:
nama
pengguna Anda. Jika Anda mengelola kunci SSH di
metadata, nama pengguna adalah nama yang Anda tetapkan saat
membuat kunci SSH.
Untuk
akun Login OS, nama pengguna
ditentukan di profil Google Anda.
Misalnya, cloudysanfrancisco_example_com atau cloudysanfrancisco.
INTERNAL_IP: alamat IP internal VM.
Pada menu Kategori, buka Koneksi >
SSH > Auth.
Di kolom File kunci pribadi untuk autentikasi, pilih file kunci SSH pribadi yang sesuai dengan kunci publik yang Anda tambahkan ke VM.
Klik Buka untuk terhubung ke VM.
Pemecahan masalah
Untuk menemukan metode mendiagnosis dan menyelesaikan koneksi SSH yang gagal, lihat Memecahkan Masalah SSH.
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Sulit dipahami","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informasi atau kode contoh salah","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Informasi/contoh yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-09-04 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis guide outlines methods for connecting to a Linux virtual machine (VM) using its internal IP address, specifically from an on-premises network linked via Cloud VPN or Cloud Interconnect.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eConnecting via internal IP is particularly useful when the VM lacks an external IP address, though alternative connection methods exist for internal-only VMs.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe document supports connections to all public Linux images available on Compute Engine, and details connection methods using gcloud, IAP Desktop, OpenSSH clients, and PuTTY.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe guide provides instructions on how to initiate SSH connections using various methods, including command-line tools and graphical interfaces.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting resources are available to help resolve any issues that may occur when connecting via SSH to a VM.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Connect to Linux VMs using Cloud VPN or Cloud Interconnect\n\nLinux\n\n*** ** * ** ***\n\nThis document describes how to connect to a virtual machine (VM) instance\nthrough its internal IP address, from an on-premises network that uses\n[Cloud VPN](/network-connectivity/docs/vpn/concepts/overview) or\n[Cloud Interconnect](/network-connectivity/docs/interconnect/concepts/overview)\nto connect to the VM's VPC network.\n\nConnecting to a VM using its internal IP address is useful if the VM doesn't\nhave an external IP address. If the VM does have an external IP address,\n[connect to the VM using its external IP address](/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-instance).\nIf your on-premises network isn't connected to your VM's VPC\nnetwork and you need to connect to your VM's internal IP address, review the\nother methods listed in\n[Connection options for internal-only VMs](/compute/docs/connect/ssh-internal-ip).\n\nSupported operating systems\n---------------------------\n\nThese connection methods are supported for all\n[public Linux images](/compute/docs/images/os-details) that are available on\nCompute Engine. For Fedora CoreOS images, you must\n[set up SSH access](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-coreos/tutorial-containers/)\nbefore you can use these methods.\n\nConnect to VMs\n--------------\n\nTo connect to a VM, complete the steps in one of the following tabs. \n\n### gcloud\n\nConnect to a VM using SSH by running the\n[`gcloud compute ssh` command](/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/ssh) with the\n[`--internal-ip` flag](/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/ssh#--internal-ip):\n\n1. In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.\n\n [Activate Cloud Shell](https://console.cloud.google.com/?cloudshell=true)\n\n\n At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a\n [Cloud Shell](/shell/docs/how-cloud-shell-works)\n session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment\n with the Google Cloud CLI\n already installed and with values already set for\n your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.\n2. Connect to the VM by running the following command:\n\n ```\n gcloud compute ssh VM-NAME \\\n --internal-ip\n ```\n3. Replace \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVM_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of the VM that you want to connect to.\n\n| **Note:** When you connect to VMs using the gcloud CLI, Compute Engine creates a persistent SSH key for you. For more information about SSH keys, see [SSH connections to Linux VMs](/compute/docs/instances/ssh).\n\n### IAP Desktop\n\nTo connect to a VM using IAP Desktop, do the following:\n\n1.\n [Install IAP Desktop](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/iap-desktop/)\n on your workstation if you haven't already.\n\n2.\n Open IAP Desktop. The **Add projects** window opens.\n\n3.\n\n When prompted, sign in using the Google account that has access to the project with the VMs\n you want to connect to.\n\n4.\n In the **Add projects** window, enter the project ID or name of the\n project that contains the VMs you want to connect to.\n\n5.\n In the **Project Explorer** window, right-click the name of the VM that\n you want to connect to and select **Connection settings**.\n\n6.\n In the **Connection settings** window, set **Connect via**\n to **Vpc**.\n\n7.\n In the **Project Explorer** window, right-click the name of the VM\n again and select **Connect** to connect to the VM.\n\n### OpenSSH clients\n\nConnect through a VM's internal IP address from an OpenSSH client, by doing the following:\n\n1. [Add an SSH key to the VM](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys) if you haven't already.\n2. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM Instances** page and find the\n\n internal IP address\n\n of the\n\n VM that you want to connect to.\n\n [Go to VM Instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n3. Open a terminal on your workstation.\n4. Connect to the\n\n VM by running the following command:\n\n ```\n ssh -i PATH_TO_PRIVATE_KEY USERNAME@INTERNAL_IP\n ```\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePATH_TO_PRIVATE_KEY\u003c/var\u003e: the path to the private SSH key file that corresponds to the public key you added to the VM.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eUSERNAME\u003c/var\u003e: your username. If you manage your SSH keys in metadata, the username is what you specified when you [created the SSH key](/compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys). For OS Login accounts, the username is [defined in your Google profile](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys#os-login). For example, `cloudysanfrancisco_example_com` or `cloudysanfrancisco`.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINTERNAL_IP\u003c/var\u003e: the internal IP address of the VM.\n\n### PuTTY app\n\nConnect through a VM's internal IP address using PuTTY, by doing the following:\n\n1. [Add an SSH key](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys) to the VM if you haven't already.\n2. If your workstation doesn't already have the PuTTY app installed, [download the PuTTY package files](http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html).\n3. In the Google Cloud console, go to the **VM Instances** page and find the\n\n internal IP address\n\n of the VM that you want to connect to.\n\n [Go to VM Instances](https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances)\n4. Open the PuTTY app. A connection configuration window opens.\n5. In the `Host Name` field, enter the username associated with the SSH key, and\n the\n\n internal IP address\n\n of the VM that you want to connect to. Use the following format:\n\n ```\n USERNAME@INTERNAL_IP\n ```\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eUSERNAME\u003c/var\u003e: your username. If you manage your SSH keys in metadata, the username is what you specified when you [created the SSH key](/compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys). For OS Login accounts, the username is [defined in your Google profile](/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys#os-login). For example, `cloudysanfrancisco_example_com` or `cloudysanfrancisco`.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINTERNAL_IP\u003c/var\u003e: the internal IP address of the VM.\n6. In the **Category** menu, navigate to **Connection \\\u003e\n SSH \\\u003e Auth**.\n7. In the **Private key file for authentication** field, select the private SSH key file that corresponds to the public key you added to the VM.\n8. Click **Open** to connect to the VM.\n\nTroubleshooting\n---------------\n\nTo find methods for diagnosing and resolving failed SSH connections, see\n[Troubleshooting SSH](/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ssh).\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- Learn how to [manage access to VMs](/compute/docs/instances/access-overview).\n- Learn how to [transfer files to VMs](/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files).\n- Learn how [SSH connections to Linux VMs](/compute/docs/instances/ssh) work on Compute Engine."]]
