Google Cloud Organization Policy gives you centralized, programmatic control over your organization's resources. As the organization policy administrator, you can define an organization policy, which is a set of restrictions called constraints that apply to Google Cloud resources and descendants of those resources in the Google Cloud resource hierarchy. You can enforce organization policies at the organization, folder, or project level.
Organization Policy provides predefined constraints for various Google Cloud services. However, if you want more granular, customizable control over the specific fields that are restricted in your organization policies, you can also create custom constraints and use those custom constraints in a custom organization policy.
Benefits
- Cost management: use custom organization policies to restrict the VM instance and disk sizes and types that can be used in your organization. You can also restrict the machine family that is used for the VM instance
- Security, compliance, and governance: you can use custom organization
policies to enforce policies as follows:
- To enforce security requirements, you can require specific firewall port rules on VMs.
- To support hardware isolation or licensing compliance, you can require all VMs within a specific project or folder to run on sole-tenant nodes.
- To govern automation scripts, you can use custom organization policies to verify that labels match specified expressions.
Policy inheritance
By default, organization policies are inherited by the descendants of the resources on which you enforce the policy. For example, if you enforce a policy on a folder, Google Cloud enforces the policy on all projects in the folder. To learn more about this behavior and how to change it, refer to Hierarchy evaluation rules.
Pricing
The Organization Policy Service, including predefined and custom organization policies, is offered at no charge.
Limitations
- For all Compute Engine resources, custom constraints are enforced on the
CREATE
methods. - For some Compute Engine resources, such as Compute Engine
SSL policy resources, custom constraints are also enforced on the
UPDATE
method.
Before you begin
-
If you haven't already, then set up authentication.
Authentication is
the process by which your identity is verified for access to Google Cloud services and APIs.
To run code or samples from a local development environment, you can authenticate to
Compute Engine by selecting one of the following options:
Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console
When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud
-
Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:
gcloud init
- Set a default region and zone.
-
- Ensure that you know your organization ID.
Required roles
To get the permissions that you need to manage organization policies for Compute Engine resources, ask your administrator to grant you the following IAM roles:
-
Organization policy administrator (
roles/orgpolicy.policyAdmin
) on the organization resource -
To test the constraints:
Compute Instance Admin (v1) (
roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1
) on the project
For more information about granting roles, see Manage access to projects, folders, and organizations.
These predefined roles contain the permissions required to manage organization policies for Compute Engine resources. To see the exact permissions that are required, expand the Required permissions section:
Required permissions
The following permissions are required to manage organization policies for Compute Engine resources:
-
orgpolicy.constraints.list
-
orgpolicy.policies.create
-
orgpolicy.policies.delete
-
orgpolicy.policies.list
-
orgpolicy.policies.update
-
orgpolicy.policy.get
-
orgpolicy.policy.set
-
To test the constraints:
compute.instances.create
on the project- To use a custom image to create the VM:
compute.images.useReadOnly
on the image - To use a snapshot to create the VM:
compute.snapshots.useReadOnly
on the snapshot - To use an instance template to create the VM:
compute.instanceTemplates.useReadOnly
on the instance template - To assign a legacy network to the VM:
compute.networks.use
on the project - To specify a static IP address for the VM:
compute.addresses.use
on the project - To assign an external IP address to the VM when using a legacy network:
compute.networks.useExternalIp
on the project - To specify a subnet for the VM:
compute.subnetworks.use
on the project or on the chosen subnet - To assign an external IP address to the VM when using a VPC network:
compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp
on the project or on the chosen subnet - To set VM instance metadata for the VM:
compute.instances.setMetadata
on the project - To set tags for the VM:
compute.instances.setTags
on the VM - To set labels for the VM:
compute.instances.setLabels
on the VM - To set a service account for the VM to use:
compute.instances.setServiceAccount
on the VM - To create a new disk for the VM:
compute.disks.create
on the project - To attach an existing disk in read-only or read-write mode:
compute.disks.use
on the disk - To attach an existing disk in read-only mode:
compute.disks.useReadOnly
on the disk
You might also be able to get these permissions with custom roles or other predefined roles.
Compute Engine supported resources
For Compute Engine, you can set custom constraints on the following resources and fields.
- Persistent Disk:
compute.googleapis.com/Disk
- Persistent Disk type:
resource.type
- Persistent Disk size:
resource.sizeGb
- Persistent Disk licenses:
resource.licenses
- Persistent Disk license codes:
resource.licenseCodes
- Persistent Disk Confidential Computing:
resource.enableConfidentialCompute
- Persistent Disk type:
- Image:
compute.googleapis.com/Image
- Raw disk source:
resource.rawDisk.source
- Raw disk source:
- VM instance:
compute.googleapis.com/Instance
- Advanced machine features:
resource.advancedMachineFeatures.enableNestedVirtualization
resource.advancedMachineFeatures.threadsPerCore
- Confidential VM instance configurations:
resource.confidentialInstanceConfig.enableConfidentialCompute
resource.confidentialInstanceConfig.confidentialInstanceType
- Ip Forwarding:
resource.canIpForward
- Deletion protection:
resource.deletionProtection
- Labels:
resource.labels
- Accelerators:
resource.guestAccelerators.acceleratorType
resource.guestAccelerators.acceleratorCount
- Machine type:
resource.machineType
- Minimum CPU platform:
resource.minCpuPlatform
- Network interface:
resource.networkInterfaces.network
resource.networkInterfaces.subnetwork
- Node affinity:
resource.scheduling.nodeAffinities.key
resource.scheduling.nodeAffinities.operator
resource.scheduling.nodeAffinities.values
- Private Google Access (IPv6):
resource.privateIpv6GoogleAccess
- Advanced machine features:
- SSL policies:
compute.googleapis.com/SslPolicy
resource.profile
resource.minTlsVersion
resource.customFeatures
- Other supported compute resources:
- HealthCheck:
compute.googleapis.com/HealthCheck
. For more information, see the Cloud Load Balancing custom constraints page.
- HealthCheck:
Set up a custom constraint
A custom constraint is defined by the resources, methods, conditions, and actions that are supported by the service on which you are enforcing the organization policy. Conditions for your custom constraints are defined using Common Expression Language (CEL). For more information about how to build conditions in custom constraints using CEL, see the CEL section of Creating and managing custom organization policies.
You can create a custom constraint and set it up for use in organization policies using the Google Cloud console or gcloud CLI.
Console
In the Google Cloud console, go to the Organization policies page.
Select the Project picker at the top of the page.
From the Project picker, select the resource for which you want to set the organization policy.
Click
Custom constraint.In the Display name box, enter a human-friendly name for the constraint. This field has a maximum length of 200 characters. Don't use PII or sensitive data in constraint names, because they could be exposed in error messages.
In the Constraint ID box, enter the name you want for your new custom constraint. A custom constraint must start with
custom.
, and can only include uppercase letters, lowercase letters, or numbers, for example,custom.createOnlyN2DVMs
. The maximum length of this field is 70 characters, not counting the prefix, for example,organizations/123456789/customConstraints/custom.
.In the Description box, enter a human-friendly description of the constraint to display as an error message when the policy is violated. This field has a maximum length of 2000 characters.
In the Resource type box, select the name of the Google Cloud REST resource containing the object and field you want to restrict. For example,
compute.googleapis.com/Instance
.Under Enforcement method, select whether to enforce the constraint on the REST
CREATE
method.To define a condition, click
Edit condition.In the Add condition panel, create a CEL condition that refers to a supported service resource, for example
. This field has a maximum length of 1000 characters.resource.machineType.contains('/machineTypes/n2d')
Click Save.
Under Action, select whether to allow or deny the evaluated method if the previous condition is met.
Click Create constraint.
When you have entered a value into each field, the equivalent YAML configuration for this custom constraint appears on the right.
gcloud
To create a custom constraint using the gcloud CLI, create a YAML file for the custom constraint:
name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/CONSTRAINT_NAME
resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/RESOURCE_NAME
method_types: CREATE
condition: CONDITION
action_type: ACTION
display_name: DISPLAY_NAME
description: DESCRIPTION
Replace the following:
ORGANIZATION_ID
: your organization ID, such as123456789
.CONSTRAINT_NAME
: the name you want for your new custom constraint. A custom constraint must start withcustom.
, and can only include uppercase letters, lowercase letters, or numbers. For example,custom.createOnlyN2DVMs
. The maximum length of this field is 70 characters, not counting the prefix (for example,organizations/123456789/customConstraints/custom.
).RESOURCE_NAME
: the name (not the URI) of the Compute Engine API REST resource containing the object and field you want to restrict. For example,Instance
.CONDITION
: a CEL condition that is written against a representation of a supported service resource. This field has a maximum length of 1000 characters. See Supported resources for more information about the resources available to write conditions against. For example,"resource.machineType.contains('/machineTypes/n2d')"
.ACTION
: the action to take if thecondition
is met. This can be eitherALLOW
orDENY
.DISPLAY_NAME
: a human-friendly name for the constraint. This field has a maximum length of 200 characters.DESCRIPTION
: a human-friendly description of the constraint to display as an error message when the policy is violated. This field has a maximum length of 2000 characters.
For more information about how to create a custom constraint, see Creating and managing custom organization policies.
After you have created the YAML file for a new custom constraint, you must set it up to make it available for organization policies in your organization. To set up a custom constraint, use thegcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint
command:
gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint CONSTRAINT_PATHReplace
CONSTRAINT_PATH
with the full path to your
custom constraint file. For example, /home/user/customconstraint.yaml
.
Once completed, your custom constraints are available as organization policies
in your list of Google Cloud organization policies.
To verify that the custom constraint exists, use the
gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints
command:
gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints --organization=ORGANIZATION_IDReplace
ORGANIZATION_ID
with the ID of your organization resource.
For more information, see
Viewing organization policies.Enforce a custom constraint
You can enforce a boolean constraint by creating an organization policy that references it, and then applying that organization policy to a Google Cloud resource.Console
- In the Google Cloud console, go to the Organization policies page.
- From the project picker, select the project for which you want to set the organization policy.
- From the list on the Organization policies page, select your constraint to view the Policy details page for that constraint.
- To configure the organization policy for this resource, click Manage policy.
- On the Edit policy page, select Override parent's policy.
- Click Add a rule.
- In the Enforcement section, select whether enforcement of this organization policy is on or off.
- Optional: To make the organization policy conditional on a tag, click Add condition. Note that if you add a conditional rule to an organization policy, you must add at least one unconditional rule or the policy cannot be saved. For more information, see Setting an organization policy with tags.
- If this is a custom constraint, you can click Test changes to simulate the effect of this organization policy. For more information, see Test organization policy changes with Policy Simulator.
- To finish and apply the organization policy, click Set policy. The policy requires up to 15 minutes to take effect.
gcloud
To create an organization policy that enforces a boolean constraint, create a policy YAML file that references the constraint:
name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policies/CONSTRAINT_NAME spec: rules: - enforce: true
Replace the following:
-
PROJECT_ID
: the project on which you want to enforce your constraint. -
CONSTRAINT_NAME
: the name you defined for your custom constraint. For example,
.custom.createOnlyN2DVMs
To enforce the organization policy containing the constraint, run the following command:
gcloud org-policies set-policy POLICY_PATH
Replace POLICY_PATH
with the full path to your organization policy
YAML file. The policy requires up to 15 minutes to take effect.
Example: Create a constraint that restricts VMs to use the N2D machine type
gcloud
Create a
onlyN2DVMs.yaml
constraint file with the following information:name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.createOnlyN2DVMs resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/Instance condition: "resource.machineType.contains('/machineTypes/n2d')" action_type: ALLOW method_types: CREATE display_name: Only N2D VMs allowed description: Restrict all VMs created to only use N2D machine types.
Set the custom constraint.
gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint onlyN2DVMs.yaml
Create a
onlyN2DVMs-policy.yaml
policy file with the following information. In this example we enforce this constraint at the project level but you might also set this at the organization or folder level. ReplacePROJECT_ID
with your project ID.name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policies/custom.createOnlyN2DVMs spec: rules: – enforce: true
Enforce the policy.
gcloud org-policies set-policy onlyN2DVMs-policy.yaml
Test the constraint by trying to create a VM that uses a machine type that isn't an N2D machine.
gcloud compute instances create my-test-instance \ --project=PROJECT_ID \ --zone=us-central1-c \ --machine-type=e2-medium
The output is similar to the following:
ERROR: (gcloud.compute.instances.create) Could not fetch resource: – Operation denied by custom org policies: [customConstraints/
custom.createOnlyN2DVMs
]: Restrict all VMs created to only use N2D machine types.
Example: Use custom constraints to restrict TLS capabilities
To restrict TLS capabilities for supported load
balancers using custom constraints,
define a policy that uses the predefined constraints/compute.requireSslPolicy
constraint
in your organization. After defining the policy, follow these steps to set up
the custom constraints and use them.
Create a YAML file for the predefined constraint.
name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.CONSTRAINT_NAME resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/SslPolicy methodTypes: - CREATE - UPDATE condition: resource.FIELD_NAME == VALUE action_type: ACTION display_name: DISPLAY_NAME description: DESCRIPTION
The following example restricts the minimum TLS version to 1.2:
name: organizations/012345678901/customConstraints/custom.restrictLbTlsVersion resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/SslPolicy methodTypes: - CREATE - UPDATE condition: resource.minTlsVersion == "TLS_1_2" action_type: ALLOW display_name: Restrict Load Balancing TLS version to 1.2 description: Only allow SSL policies to be created or updated if the minimum TLS version is 1.2 where this custom constraint is enforced.
Add the custom constraint to your organization.
gcloud org-policies set-custom-constraint PATH_TO_FILE
Verify that the custom constraint exists in your organization.
gcloud org-policies list-custom-constraints \ --organization=ORGANIZATION_ID
Create a policy file for the constraint.
name: projects/PROJECT_ID/policies/custom.CONSTRAINT_NAME spec: rules: – enforce: true
Replace the following:
PROJECT_ID
: your Google Cloud project IDCONSTRAINT_NAME
: the constraint name
Enforce the policy.
gcloud org-policies set-policy PATH_TO_POLICY_FILE
Replace
PATH_TO_POLICY_FILE
with the fully qualified path to your policy file.Assuming you have created the YAML file to restrict the minimum TLS version to 1.2, test the constraint by creating an SSL policy with
minTlsVersion
set toTLS_1_0
:gcloud compute ssl-policies create SSL_POLICY_NAME \ --min-tls-version=1.0 \ --project=PROJECT_ID
The output is similar to the following:
ERROR: (gcloud.compute.ssl-policies.update) HTTPError 412: Operation denied by custom org policy: [customConstraints/custom. restrictLbTlsVersion] : Only allow SSL policy resources to be created or updated if the minimum TLS version is 1.2 where this custom constraint is enforced.
Example custom constraints for common use cases
The following sections provide the syntax of some custom constraints that you might find useful:
Disk
Use case | Syntax |
---|---|
Persistent Disk type must be "Extreme persistent disk (pd-extreme )" |
name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.createDisksPDExtremeOnly resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/Disk condition: "resource.type.contains('pd-extreme')" action_type: ALLOW method_types: CREATE display_name: Create pd-extreme disks only description: Only the extreme persistent disk type is allowed to be created. |
Disk size must be less than or equal to 250 GB | name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.createDisksLessThan250GB resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/Disk condition: "resource.sizeGb <= 250" action_type: ALLOW method_types: CREATE display_name: Disks size maximum is 250 GB description: Restrict the boot disk size to 250 GB or less for all VMs. |
Image
Use case | Syntax |
---|---|
Source images must be from Cloud Storage test_bucket only |
name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.createDisksfromStoragebucket resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/Image condition: "resource.rawDisk.source.contains('storage.googleapis.com/test_bucket/')" action_type: ALLOW method_types: CREATE display_name: Source image must be from Cloud Storage test_bucket only description: Source images used in this project must be imported from the Cloud Storage test_bucket. |
VM instance
Use case | Syntax |
---|---|
VM must have a label with the key set to cost center |
name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.createVMWithLabel resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/Instance condition: "'cost_center' in resource.labels" action_type: ALLOW method_types: CREATE display_name: 'cost_center' label required description: Requires that all VMs created must have the a 'cost_center' label that can be used for tracking and billing purposes. |
VM must have a label with the key set to cost center
and the value set to eCommerce |
name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.createECommerceVMOnly resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/Instance condition: "'cost_center' in resource.labels and resource.labels['cost_center'] == 'eCommerce'" action_type: ALLOW method_types: CREATE display_name: Label (cost_center/eCommerce) required description: Label required and Key/value must be cost_center/eCommerce. |
VM must use machine type N2D | name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.createOnlyN2DVMs resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/Instance condition: "resource.machineType.contains('/machineTypes/n2d')" action_type: ALLOW method_types: CREATE display_name: Only N2D VMs allowed description: Restrict all VMs created to only use N2D machine types. |
VM must use machine type e2-highmem-8 |
name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.createOnlyE2highmem8 resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/Instance condition: "resource.machineType.endsWith('-e2-highmem-8')" action_type: ALLOW method_types: CREATE display_name: Only "e2-highmem-8" VMs allowed description: Restrict all VMs created to only use the E2 high-memory machine types that have 8 vCPUs. |
Ensures that VMs are scheduled on the node group "foo" | name: organizations/ORGANIZATION_ID/customConstraints/custom.createOnlySTVM resource_types: compute.googleapis.com/Instance condition: "resource.scheduling.nodeAffinities.exists(n, n.key == 'foo')" action_type: ALLOW method_types: CREATE display_name: Only VMs scheduled on node group "foo" allowed description: Restrict all VMs created to use the node group "foo". |
What's next
- See Introduction to the Organization Policy Service to learn more about organization policies.
- Learn more about how to create and manage organization policies.
- See the full list of predefined Organization policy constraints.