Autentique apps instaladas com contas de utilizador

Este guia explica como fazer a autenticação através de contas de utilizador para aceder à API BigQuery quando a sua app está instalada nos computadores dos utilizadores.

Para garantir que a app acede apenas a tabelas do BigQuery que estão disponíveis para o utilizador final, faça a autenticação através de uma credencial de utilizador. Uma credencial de utilizador pode executar consultas apenas no projeto do utilizador final, e não no projeto da app. Google Cloud Como resultado, a faturação das consultas é feita ao utilizador e não à app.

Antes de começar

  1. Crie um Google Cloud projeto que represente a sua app instalada.
  2. Instale as bibliotecas cliente do BigQuery.
  3. Instale bibliotecas de autenticação.

    Java

    Se estiver a usar o Maven, inclua as seguintes dependências no ficheiro POM. 

    <dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.oauth-client</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-oauth-client-java6</artifactId>
  <version>1.31.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.oauth-client</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-oauth-client-jetty</artifactId>
  <version>1.31.0</version>
</dependency>

    Python

    Instale a integração oauthlib para a autenticação Google. 

    pip install --upgrade google-auth-oauthlib

    Node.js

    Instale a integração oauthlib para a autenticação Google. 

    npm install google-auth-library
    npm install readline-promise

Configure as credenciais do cliente

Use o botão seguinte para selecionar um projeto e criar as credenciais necessárias.

Obtenha credenciais

Crie credenciais manualmente

  1. Aceda à página Credenciais na Google Cloud consola.
  2. Preencha os campos obrigatórios no ecrã de consentimento OAuth.
  3. Na página Credenciais, clique no botão Criar credenciais.

    Escolha ID de cliente OAuth.

  4. Selecione Computador como tipo de app e, de seguida, clique em Criar.
  5. Transfira as credenciais clicando no botão Transferir JSON.

    Transferir JSON.

    Guarde o ficheiro de credenciais em client_secrets.json. Este ficheiro tem de ser distribuído com a sua app.

Autentique e chame a API

  1. Use as credenciais do cliente para executar o fluxo do OAuth 2.0.

    Java

    import com.google.api.client.auth.oauth2.Credential;
import com.google.api.client.extensions.java6.auth.oauth2.AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp;
import com.google.api.client.extensions.jetty.auth.oauth2.LocalServerReceiver;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleClientSecrets;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.javanet.GoogleNetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.util.store.FileDataStoreFactory;
import com.google.api.gax.paging.Page;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.UserCredentials;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryException;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Dataset;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.List;

// Sample to authenticate by using a user credential
public class AuthUserFlow {

  private static final File DATA_STORE_DIR =
      new File(AuthUserFlow.class.getResource("/").getPath(), "credentials");
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
  // i.e redirect_uri http://localhost:61984/Callback
  private static final int LOCAL_RECEIVER_PORT = 61984;

  public static void runAuthUserFlow() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    /**
     * Download your OAuth2 configuration from the Google Developers Console API Credentials page.
     * https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials
     */
    Path credentialsPath = Paths.get("path/to/your/client_secret.json");
    List<String> scopes = ImmutableList.of("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery");
    authUserFlow(credentialsPath, scopes);
  }

  public static void authUserFlow(Path credentialsPath, List<String> selectedScopes) {
    // Reading credentials file
    try (InputStream inputStream = Files.newInputStream(credentialsPath)) {

      // Load client_secret.json file
      GoogleClientSecrets clientSecrets =
          GoogleClientSecrets.load(JSON_FACTORY, new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
      String clientId = clientSecrets.getDetails().getClientId();
      String clientSecret = clientSecrets.getDetails().getClientSecret();

      // Generate the url that will be used for the consent dialog.
      GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow flow =
          new GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow.Builder(
                  GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport(),
                  JSON_FACTORY,
                  clientSecrets,
                  selectedScopes)
              .setDataStoreFactory(new FileDataStoreFactory(DATA_STORE_DIR))
              .setAccessType("offline")
              .setApprovalPrompt("auto")
              .build();

      // Exchange an authorization code for  refresh token
      LocalServerReceiver receiver =
          new LocalServerReceiver.Builder().setPort(LOCAL_RECEIVER_PORT).build();
      Credential credential = new AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp(flow, receiver).authorize("user");

      // OAuth2 Credentials representing a user's identity and consent
      GoogleCredentials credentials =
          UserCredentials.newBuilder()
              .setClientId(clientId)
              .setClientSecret(clientSecret)
              .setRefreshToken(credential.getRefreshToken())
              .build();

      // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
      // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
      BigQuery bigquery =
          BigQueryOptions.newBuilder().setCredentials(credentials).build().getService();

      Page<Dataset> datasets = bigquery.listDatasets(BigQuery.DatasetListOption.pageSize(100));
      if (datasets == null) {
        System.out.println("Dataset does not contain any models");
        return;
      }
      datasets
          .iterateAll()
          .forEach(
              dataset -> System.out.printf("Success! Dataset ID: %s ", dataset.getDatasetId()));

    } catch (BigQueryException | IOException | GeneralSecurityException ex) {
      System.out.println("Project does not contain any datasets \n" + ex.toString());
    }
  }
}

    Python

    from google_auth_oauthlib import flow

# A local server is used as the callback URL in the auth flow.
appflow = flow.InstalledAppFlow.from_client_secrets_file(
    "client_secrets.json", scopes=["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery"]
)

# This launches a local server to be used as the callback URL in the desktop
# app auth flow. If you are accessing the application remotely, such as over
# SSH or a remote Jupyter notebook, this flow will not work. Use the
# `gcloud auth application-default login --no-browser` command or workload
# identity federation to get authentication tokens, instead.
#
appflow.run_local_server()

credentials = appflow.credentials

    Node.js

    const {OAuth2Client} = require('google-auth-library');
const readline = require('readline-promise').default;

function startRl() {
  const rl = readline.createInterface({
    input: process.stdin,
    output: process.stdout,
  });

  return rl;
}

/**
 * Download your OAuth2 configuration from the Google
 * Developers Console API Credentials page.
 * https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials
 */
const keys = require('./oauth2.keys.json');

/**
 * Create a new OAuth2Client, and go through the OAuth2 content
 * workflow. Return the full client to the callback.
 */
async function getRedirectUrl() {
  const rl = main.startRl();
  // Create an oAuth client to authorize the API call.  Secrets are kept in a `keys.json` file,
  // which should be downloaded from the Google Developers Console.
  const oAuth2Client = new OAuth2Client(
    keys.installed.client_id,
    keys.installed.client_secret,
    keys.installed.redirect_uris[0]
  );

  // Generate the url that will be used for the consent dialog.
  const authorizeUrl = oAuth2Client.generateAuthUrl({
    access_type: 'offline',
    scope: 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery',
    prompt: 'consent',
  });

  console.info(
    `Please visit this URL to authorize this application: ${authorizeUrl}`
  );

  const code = await rl.questionAsync('Enter the authorization code: ');
  const tokens = await main.exchangeCode(code);
  rl.close();

  return tokens;
}

// Exchange an authorization code for an access token
async function exchangeCode(code) {
  const oAuth2Client = new OAuth2Client(
    keys.installed.client_id,
    keys.installed.client_secret,
    keys.installed.redirect_uris[0]
  );

  const r = await oAuth2Client.getToken(code);
  console.info(r.tokens);
  return r.tokens;
}

async function authFlow(projectId = 'project_id') {
  /**
   * TODO(developer):
   * Save Project ID as environment variable PROJECT_ID="project_id"
   * Uncomment the following line before running the sample.
   */
  // projectId = process.env.PROJECT_ID;

  const tokens = await main.getRedirectUrl();

  const credentials = {
    type: 'authorized_user',
    client_id: keys.installed.client_id,
    client_secret: keys.installed.client_secret,
    refresh_token: tokens.refresh_token,
  };

  return {
    projectId,
    credentials,
  };
}
  2. Use as credenciais autenticadas para estabelecer ligação à API BigQuery.

    Java

    import com.google.api.client.auth.oauth2.Credential;
import com.google.api.client.extensions.java6.auth.oauth2.AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp;
import com.google.api.client.extensions.jetty.auth.oauth2.LocalServerReceiver;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleClientSecrets;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.javanet.GoogleNetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.util.store.FileDataStoreFactory;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.UserCredentials;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryException;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.QueryJobConfiguration;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableResult;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.List;

// Sample to query by using a user credential
public class AuthUserQuery {

  private static final File DATA_STORE_DIR =
      new File(AuthUserQuery.class.getResource("/").getPath(), "credentials");
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
  // i.e redirect_uri http://localhost:61984/Callback
  private static final int LOCAL_RECEIVER_PORT = 61984;

  public static void runAuthUserQuery() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    /**
     * Download your OAuth2 configuration from the Google Developers Console API Credentials page.
     * https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials
     */
    Path credentialsPath = Paths.get("path/to/your/client_secret.json");
    List<String> scopes = ImmutableList.of("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery");
    String query =
        "SELECT name, SUM(number) as total"
            + "  FROM `bigquery-public-data.usa_names.usa_1910_current`"
            + "  WHERE name = 'William'"
            + "  GROUP BY name;";
    authUserQuery(credentialsPath, scopes, query);
  }

  public static void authUserQuery(
      Path credentialsPath, List<String> selectedScopes, String query) {
    // Reading credentials file
    try (InputStream inputStream = Files.newInputStream(credentialsPath)) {

      // Load client_secret.json file
      GoogleClientSecrets clientSecrets =
          GoogleClientSecrets.load(JSON_FACTORY, new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
      String clientId = clientSecrets.getDetails().getClientId();
      String clientSecret = clientSecrets.getDetails().getClientSecret();

      // Generate the url that will be used for the consent dialog.
      GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow flow =
          new GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow.Builder(
                  GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport(),
                  JSON_FACTORY,
                  clientSecrets,
                  selectedScopes)
              .setDataStoreFactory(new FileDataStoreFactory(DATA_STORE_DIR))
              .setAccessType("offline")
              .setApprovalPrompt("auto")
              .build();

      // Exchange an authorization code for  refresh token
      LocalServerReceiver receiver =
          new LocalServerReceiver.Builder().setPort(LOCAL_RECEIVER_PORT).build();
      Credential credential = new AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp(flow, receiver).authorize("user");

      // OAuth2 Credentials representing a user's identity and consent
      GoogleCredentials credentials =
          UserCredentials.newBuilder()
              .setClientId(clientId)
              .setClientSecret(clientSecret)
              .setRefreshToken(credential.getRefreshToken())
              .build();

      // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
      // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
      BigQuery bigquery =
          BigQueryOptions.newBuilder().setCredentials(credentials).build().getService();

      QueryJobConfiguration queryConfig = QueryJobConfiguration.newBuilder(query).build();

      TableResult results = bigquery.query(queryConfig);

      results
          .iterateAll()
          .forEach(row -> row.forEach(val -> System.out.printf("%s,", val.toString())));

      System.out.println("Query performed successfully.");

    } catch (BigQueryException | IOException | GeneralSecurityException | InterruptedException ex) {
      System.out.println("Query not performed \n" + ex.toString());
    }
  }
}

    Python

    from google.cloud import bigquery

# TODO: Uncomment the line below to set the `project` variable.
# project = 'user-project-id'
#
# The `project` variable defines the project to be billed for query
# processing. The user must have the bigquery.jobs.create permission on
# this project to run a query. See:
# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/access-control#permissions

client = bigquery.Client(project=project, credentials=credentials)

query_string = """SELECT name, SUM(number) as total
FROM `bigquery-public-data.usa_names.usa_1910_current`
WHERE name = 'William'
GROUP BY name;
"""
results = client.query_and_wait(query_string)

# Print the results.
for row in results:  # Wait for the job to complete.
    print("{}: {}".format(row["name"], row["total"]))

    Node.js

    async function query() {
  const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');

  const credentials = await main.authFlow();
  const bigquery = new BigQuery(credentials);

  // Queries the U.S. given names dataset for the state of Texas.
  const query = `SELECT name, SUM(number) as total
  FROM \`bigquery-public-data.usa_names.usa_1910_current\`
  WHERE name = 'William'
  GROUP BY name;`;

  // For all options, see https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/jobs/query
  const options = {
    query: query,
  };

  // Run the query as a job
  const [job] = await bigquery.createQueryJob(options);
  console.log(`Job ${job.id} started.`);

  // Wait for the query to finish
  const [rows] = await job.getQueryResults();

  // Print the results
  console.log('Rows:');
  rows.forEach(row => console.log(row));

  return rows;
}

const main = {
  query,
  authFlow,
  exchangeCode,
  getRedirectUrl,
  startRl,
};
module.exports = {
  main,
};

if (module === require.main) {
  query().catch(console.error);
}

Quando executa o código de exemplo, é iniciado um navegador que pede acesso ao projeto associado aos segredos do cliente. Pode usar as credenciais resultantes para aceder aos recursos do BigQuery do utilizador porque o exemplo pediu o âmbito do BigQuery.

O que se segue?

  1. Saiba mais sobre outras formas de autenticar a sua app para aceder à API BigQuery.
  2. Saiba mais sobre a autenticação com credenciais do utilizador final para todas as APIs Cloud.