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Windows
Anda dapat menerapkan beberapa praktik terbaik untuk mengoptimalkan instance Compute Engine yang menjalankan Microsoft Windows Server. Artikel ini menjelaskan cara memanfaatkan
produk-produk lain yang tersedia di Google Cloud dan memastikan instance Windows Anda
berperforma optimal dalam hal performa, keamanan, redundansi, dan
ketersediaan. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang konfigurasi dan penyiapan instance
Windows, baca Workload Windows. Untuk
instance Microsoft SQL, baca
Praktik Terbaik untuk SQL Server.
Aktifkan atau nonaktifkan fitur sistem operasi Windows Server yang tidak diperlukan untuk
layanan yang dijalankan oleh organisasi Anda. Fitur yang tidak digunakan akan menggunakan resource
yang mungkin tidak Anda gunakan.
Luncurkan instance baru dengan versi image terbaru yang disediakan oleh image publik Google Cloud, jika Anda menggunakan lisensi Bayar sesuai penggunaan (PAYG).
Keamanan
Jika Anda menjalankan Windows, Anda harus menjalankan software antivirus.
Virus malware dan software membawa risiko yang signifikan terhadap sistem apa pun yang terhubung
ke jaringan, dan software antivirus adalah langkah mitigasi sederhana yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk
melindungi data Anda. Microsoft memberikan saran tentang software antivirus.
Tinjau dan verifikasi strategi pencadangan dan pemulihan Anda secara rutin.
Aktifkan Snapshot Persistent Disk
reguler untuk pemulihan cepat dari cadangan sebelumnya jika terjadi kegagalan VM.
Hanya aktifkan snapshot VSS pada volume data dan aplikasi yang kompatibel dengan VSS. Hindari
membuat snapshot VSS
pada disk sistem operasi karena layanan VSS akan menandai disk ini sebagai
hanya baca.
Pengelolaan Patch
Pastikan sistem operasi Windows Anda telah diupdate ke versi terbaru dan semua
update sistem dan kualitas (juga disebut sebagai "update kumulatif" atau
"update kualitas kumulatif") telah diinstal.
Gunakan Windows Update otomatis pada instance Anda. Microsoft merilis
patch setidaknya setiap hari Selasa kedua setiap bulan. Anda harus memiliki
strategi untuk menerapkan update ini guna membantu mengamankan sistem dari bug
dan/atau kerentanan yang diketahui. Jika mulai ulang otomatis tidak memungkinkan, pertimbangkan untuk
membuat tugas patch dengan menggunakan VM Manager, yang dapat
menjadwalkan update dan memulai ulang instance Anda pada waktu yang tepat.
Logging dan Pemantauan
Aktifkan tampilan virtual
untuk lebih memahami status sistem operasi saat ini, dan untuk memungkinkan Anda
melihat konsol jika instance tidak dapat diakses.
Pertimbangkan untuk mengonfigurasi Agen Operasional guna
memusatkan log yang Anda lihat di Event Viewer dengan streaming log ke Cloud Logging.
Hal ini memungkinkan pengambilan log yang lebih mudah dan retensi yang lebih konsisten.
Langkah ini sepenuhnya opsional, tetapi direkomendasikan.
Pertimbangkan untuk menginstal Agen Operasional untuk memantau
dan menyimpan data pemantauan performa instance Anda.
Saat menggunakan software Microsoft, Anda bertanggung jawab untuk memahami dan
mematuhi setiap perjanjian lisensi yang mungkin Anda miliki dengan Microsoft.
Untuk memahami persyaratan dan opsi pemberian lisensi, lihat
dokumentasi
Lisensi Microsoft.
Pastikan lingkungan tamu tetap diupdate sesuai dengan strategi Windows Update Anda.
Mengupdate lingkungan tamu
instance Windows Anda secara rutin akan memastikan Anda menjalankan versi terbaru dan paling stabil
dari semua agen dan driver Google Cloud yang diperlukan.
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Sulit dipahami","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informasi atau kode contoh salah","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Informasi/contoh yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-09-04 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eUtilize supported Windows Server versions, staying informed about their lifecycle and end-of-support dates on Google Cloud, and use the latest Google Cloud public image versions for new instances.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eImplement security measures, such as using antivirus software, managing user privileges, and adhering to the principle of least privilege, especially when using Active Directory.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eRegularly review and verify your backup and recovery plan, enable persistent disk snapshots for quick recovery, and apply VSS snapshots only on data volumes of compatible applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eKeep the Windows operating system updated with the latest system and quality patches, potentially using VM Manager to schedule updates and manage instance restarts.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eEnable virtual displays, stream serial port output to Cloud Logging, centralize logs using the Ops Agent, and keep the guest environment updated with the latest Google Cloud drivers and agents to ensure optimal performance and troubleshooting capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Best practices for Windows Server VMs\n\nWindows\n\n*** ** * ** ***\n\nYou can apply several best practices to optimize Compute Engine instances\nthat run Microsoft Windows Server. This article describes how you can utilize\nother products available on Google Cloud and to ensure your Windows instances\nare performing optimally in terms of performance, security, redundancy and\navailability. For further information on configuration and setup of Windows\ninstances, see [Windows Workloads](/compute/docs/instances/windows). For\nMicrosoft SQL instances, refer to\n[Best Practices for SQL Server](/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/best-practices).\n\nGeneral Compute Engine best practices\n-------------------------------------\n\n- Understand which [versions of Windows Server](/compute/docs/images/os-details#windows_server) are supported, best suited for your use case, and which versions might be coming up to the [end of Windows Server support on Google Cloud](/compute/docs/instances/windows/end-of-support). Further information can be found at [Lifecycle FAQ from Microsoft](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/faq/extended-security-updates).\n- Understand how to correctly [Add a persistent disk to your Windows VM](/compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-windows).\n- Enable or disable Windows Server operating system features not required for the services run by your organization, unused features will consume resources you might not be using.\n- Launch new instances with the latest image version provided by Google Cloud public images, if you are using [Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) licence](/compute/docs/licenses/about).\n\nSecurity\n--------\n\n- If you are running Windows, you should be running antivirus software. Malware and software viruses present a significant risk to any system connected to a network, and antivirus software is a simple mitigation step you can use to protect your data. Microsoft provides advice about on [antivirus software](https://support.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-antivirus-software-providers).\n- Understand how to [create new local users](/compute/docs/instances/windows/generating-credentials#create_a_local_user_account) and [grant/revoke Administrator privileges](/compute/docs/instances/windows/generating-credentials#grant_local_users_administrator_privileges) on local accounts to limit critical applications and system files.\n- If you are using Active Directory, make use of [Configuring User Access Control and Permissions](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/manage/windows-admin-center/configure/user-access-control) to implement the principle of least privilege for user permissions within the Windows operating system. For further information see [summary of best practices for Active Directory](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/dn487442(v=ws.11)).\n\nBackup \\& Recovery\n------------------\n\n- Routinely review and verify your backup and recovery strategy.\n- Enable regular [Persistent Disk Snapshots](/compute/docs/disks/snapshots) for a quick recovery from a previous backup if there is a VM failure.\n - Only enable [VSS](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/file-server/volume-shadow-copy-service) snapshots on data volumes and where the application is VSS compatible. Avoid [creating VSS snapshots](/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-persistent-disk-snapshot#create-snapshot) on the operating system disk because the VSS service marks this disk as read-only.\n\nPatch Management\n----------------\n\n- Confirm your Windows operating system is updated to the latest version and all system and quality updates (also referred to as \"cumulative updates\" or \"cumulative quality updates\") are installed.\n- Make use of automatic Windows Update on your instance. Microsoft releases patches every second Tuesday of each month at minimum. You should have a strategy for applying these updates to help safeguard the system from known bugs and/or vulnerabilities. If automatic restarts are not an option, consider [creating patch jobs by using VM Manager](/compute/docs/os-patch-management), which can schedule updates and restart your instances at an appropriate time.\n\nLogging and Monitoring\n----------------------\n\n- [Enable virtual displays](/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display) to better understand the current state of the operating system, and to allow you to view the console in case your instance is inaccessible.\n- If your VM instance is stopped, logs from the [serial console](/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-using-serial-console) will no longer be available, to retain these logs you can [stream serial port\n output to Cloud Logging](/compute/docs/troubleshooting/viewing-serial-port-output#enable-stackdriver) and use the output stored to assist with troubleshooting and auditing.\n- Consider configuring the [Ops Agent](/logging/docs/agent/ops-agent) to centralize the logs you see in Event Viewer by [streaming logs to Cloud Logging](/logging/docs/agent/ops-agent/authorization), this allows for easier retrieval of the logs and more consistent retention. This step is completely optional, but recommended.\n- Consider installing the [Ops Agent](/logging/docs/agent/ops-agent) to monitor and retain the monitoring data of your instance performance.\n- Consider [streaming logs from third-party Applications](/logging/docs/agent/ops-agent/third-party).\n\nGoogle related drivers, agents \\& features\n------------------------------------------\n\n- When you use Microsoft software, you are responsible for understanding and complying with any licensing agreements that you might have with Microsoft. To understand the requirements and options for licensing, refer to the [Microsoft Licenses](/compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing) documentation.\n- Keep the guest environment updated in line with your Windows Update strategy. Regularly [updating the guest environment](/compute/docs/images/install-guest-environment#update-guest) of your Windows instance will ensure you are running the latest and most stable version of all necessary Google Cloud agents and drivers."]]
