스팟 VM을 사용하면 예측 작업 실행 비용을 줄일 수 있습니다.
스팟 VM은 Compute Engine 용량을 초과하는 가상 머신(VM) 인스턴스입니다. 스팟 VM에는 상당한 할인이 적용되지만 Compute Engine은 언제든지 용량을 회수하기 위해 스팟 VM을 사전에 중지하거나 삭제(선점)할 수 있습니다.
워크로드가 내결함성이 있고 잠재적인 VM 선점을 견딜 수 있는 경우 Spot VM은 컴퓨팅 비용을 크게 줄여줄 수 있습니다.
처리 과정에서 일부 VM이 종료되면 작업이 느려지지만 완전히 중지되지는 않습니다. 스팟 VM은 기존 VM에 추가 로드를 배치하지 않고 추가 표준 VM에 대한 전체 비용을 지불할 필요도 없이 일괄 처리 태스크를 완료합니다.
선점 처리를 참고하세요.
스팟 VM을 사용하면 작업 기간 및 머신 유형에 따라 요금이 청구됩니다.
작업이 대기열에 있거나 선점된 시간에 대해서는 요금이 청구되지 않습니다.
선점 처리
Compute Engine은 언제든지 스팟 VM을 회수할 수 있습니다.
스팟 VM이 선점되면 STOCKOUT 오류가 표시되면서 예측 작업이 실패하고 Compute Engine에서 작업을 최대 6회까지 다시 시작하려고 시도합니다. 스팟 VM을 최대한 활용하는 방법을 알아보려면 스팟 VM 권장사항을 참고하세요.
스팟 VM을 사용하여 예측 가져오기
모델을 배포하여 예측을 가져올 때 스팟 VM을 사용하려면 REST API 또는 Vertex AI SDK for Python을 사용하면 됩니다.
[[["이해하기 쉬움","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["문제가 해결됨","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["기타","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["이해하기 어려움","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["잘못된 정보 또는 샘플 코드","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["필요한 정보/샘플이 없음","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["번역 문제","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["기타","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["최종 업데이트: 2025-09-04(UTC)"],[],[],null,["# Use Spot VMs with inference\n\nOverview\n--------\n\n\nYou can reduce the cost of running your prediction jobs by using Spot VMs.\nSpot VMs are virtual machine (VM) instances that are excess\nCompute Engine capacity. Spot VMs have significant discounts,\nbut Compute Engine might preemptively stop or delete (preempt) Spot VMs to\nreclaim the capacity at any time.\n\nTo learn more, see [Spot VMs](/compute/docs/instances/spot).\n\nLimitations and requirements\n----------------------------\n\n\nConsider the following limitations and requirements when using\nSpot VMs with Vertex AI:\n\n- All [Spot VMs\n limitations](/compute/docs/instances/spot#limitations) apply when using Spot VMs with Vertex AI.\n- Using Spot VMs with Vertex AI is supported only for custom training and inference.\n- Using Spot VMs with TPU Pods isn't supported.\n- Submitting your job through the Google Cloud console is not supported.\n\nBilling\n-------\n\n\nIf your workloads are fault-tolerant and can withstand possible VM preemption,\nSpot VMs can reduce your compute costs significantly.\nIf some of your VMs stop during processing, the job slows but does not completely\nstop. Spot VMs complete your batch processing tasks without placing additional\nload on your existing VMs and without requiring you to pay full price for additional standard VMs.\nSee [Preemption handling](#preemption-handling).\n\n\nWhen you use Spot VMs, you're billed by job duration and machine type.\nYou don't pay for the time that the job is in a queue or preempted.\n\n\n| **Note:** When consuming from a reservation or spot capacity, billing is spread across two SKUs: the Compute Engine SKU with the label `vertex-ai-online-prediction` and the Vertex AI Management Fee SKU. This enables you to use your Committed Use Discounts (CUDs) in Vertex AI.\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nPreemption handling\n-------------------\n\n\nSpot VMs can be reclaimed by Compute Engine at any time.\n\nWhen Spot VMs are preempted, the prediction job\nfails with a `STOCKOUT` error and Compute Engine tries to restart the job up\nto six times. To learn how to get the most out of your Spot VMs, see\n[Spot VM\nbest practices](/compute/docs/instances/create-use-spot#best-practices).\n\nGet inferences by using Spot VMs\n--------------------------------\n\nTo use Spot VMs when you deploy a model\nto get inferences, you can use the REST API or the Vertex AI SDK for Python. \n\n### REST\n\n\nBefore using any of the request data,\nmake the following replacements:\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eLOCATION_ID\u003c/var\u003e: The region where you are using Vertex AI.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e: Your [project ID](/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects#identifiers).\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eENDPOINT_ID\u003c/var\u003e: The ID for the endpoint.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMODEL_ID\u003c/var\u003e: The ID for the model to be deployed.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDEPLOYED_MODEL_NAME\u003c/var\u003e: A name for the `DeployedModel`. You can use the display name of the `Model` for the `DeployedModel` as well.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMACHINE_TYPE\u003c/var\u003e: Optional. The machine resources used for each node of this deployment. Its default setting is `n1-standard-2`. [Learn more about machine types.](/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/configure-compute)\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eACCELERATOR_TYPE\u003c/var\u003e: Optional. The type of accelerator to be attached to the machine. [Learn more](/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/configure-compute#gpus).\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eACCELERATOR_COUNT\u003c/var\u003e: Optional. The number of accelerators for each replica to use.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMIN_REPLICA_COUNT\u003c/var\u003e: The minimum number of nodes for this deployment. The node count can be increased or decreased as required by the inference load, up to the maximum number of nodes and never fewer than this number of nodes. This value must be greater than or equal to 1.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMAX_REPLICA_COUNT\u003c/var\u003e: The maximum number of nodes for this deployment. The node count can be increased or decreased as required by the inference load, up to this number of nodes and never fewer than the minimum number of nodes.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eTRAFFIC_SPLIT_THIS_MODEL\u003c/var\u003e: The percentage of the prediction traffic to this endpoint to be routed to the model being deployed with this operation. Defaults to 100. All traffic percentages must add up to 100. [Learn more about traffic splits](/vertex-ai/docs/general/deployment#models-endpoint).\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDEPLOYED_MODEL_ID_N\u003c/var\u003e: Optional. If other models are deployed to this endpoint, you must update their traffic split percentages so that all percentages add up to 100.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eTRAFFIC_SPLIT_MODEL_N\u003c/var\u003e: The traffic split percentage value for the deployed model id key.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_NUMBER\u003c/var\u003e: Your project's automatically generated [project number](/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects#identifiers).\n\n\nHTTP method and URL:\n\n```\nPOST https://LOCATION_ID-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION_ID/endpoints/ENDPOINT_ID:deployModel\n```\n\n\nRequest JSON body:\n\n```\n{\n\n\n\"acceleratorCount\": 1}, \"spot\": true, \"minReplicaCount\": 1, \"maxReplicaCount\": 1}}, \"trafficSplit\": {\"0\": 100}}' \\\n \"https://LOCATION_ID-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION_ID/endpoints/ENDPOINT_ID:deployModel\"\n\n \"deployedModel\": {\n \"model\": \"projects/PROJECT/locations/us-central1/models/MODEL_ID\",\n \"displayName\": \"DEPLOYED_MODEL_NAME\",\n \"enableContainerLogging\": true,\n \"dedicatedResources\": {\n \"machineSpec\": {\n \"machineType\": \"MACHINE_TYPE\",\n \"acceleratorType\": \"ACCELERATOR_TYPE\",\n \"acceleratorCount\": ACCELERATOR_COUNT\n },\n \"spot\": true,\n \"minReplicaCount\": MIN_REPLICA_COUNT,\n \"maxReplicaCount\": MAX_REPLICA_COUNT\n },\n },\n \"trafficSplit\": {\n \"0\": TRAFFIC_SPLIT_THIS_MODEL,\n \"DEPLOYED_MODEL_ID_1\": TRAFFIC_SPLIT_MODEL_1,\n \"DEPLOYED_MODEL_ID_2\": TRAFFIC_SPLIT_MODEL_2\n },\n}\n```\n\nTo send your request, expand one of these options:\n\n#### curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell)\n\n| **Note:** The following command assumes that you have logged in to the `gcloud` CLI with your user account by running [`gcloud init`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/init) or [`gcloud auth login`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/auth/login) , or by using [Cloud Shell](/shell/docs), which automatically logs you into the `gcloud` CLI . You can check the currently active account by running [`gcloud auth list`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/auth/list).\n\n\nSave the request body in a file named `request.json`,\nand execute the following command:\n\n```\ncurl -X POST \\\n -H \"Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)\" \\\n -H \"Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8\" \\\n -d @request.json \\\n \"https://LOCATION_ID-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION_ID/endpoints/ENDPOINT_ID:deployModel\"\n```\n\n#### PowerShell (Windows)\n\n| **Note:** The following command assumes that you have logged in to the `gcloud` CLI with your user account by running [`gcloud init`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/init) or [`gcloud auth login`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/auth/login) . You can check the currently active account by running [`gcloud auth list`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/auth/list).\n\n\nSave the request body in a file named `request.json`,\nand execute the following command:\n\n```\n$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token\n$headers = @{ \"Authorization\" = \"Bearer $cred\" }\n\nInvoke-WebRequest `\n -Method POST `\n -Headers $headers `\n -ContentType: \"application/json; charset=utf-8\" `\n -InFile request.json `\n -Uri \"https://LOCATION_ID-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION_ID/endpoints/ENDPOINT_ID:deployModel\" | Select-Object -Expand Content\n```\n\nYou should receive a JSON response similar to the following:\n\n```\n{\n \"name\": \"projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/endpoints/ENDPOINT_ID/operations/OPERATION_ID\",\n \"metadata\": {\n \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.aiplatform.v1beta1.DeployModelOperationMetadata\",\n \"genericMetadata\": {\n \"createTime\": \"2020-10-19T17:53:16.502088Z\",\n \"updateTime\": \"2020-10-19T17:53:16.502088Z\"\n }\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Python\n\n\nTo learn how to install or update the Vertex AI SDK for Python, see\n[Install the Vertex AI SDK for Python](/vertex-ai/docs/start/install-sdk).\nFor more information, see the\n[Vertex AI SDK for Python\nAPI reference documentation](/python/docs/reference/aiplatform/latest). \n\n```python\nendpoint5.deploy(\n model = model,\n deployed_model_display_name=DEPLOYED_NAME,\n traffic_split=TRAFFIC_SPLIT,\n machine_type=\"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMACHINE_TYPE\u003c/var\u003e\",\n accelerator_type=\"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eACCELERATOR_TYPE\u003c/var\u003e\",\n accelerator_count=ACCELERATOR_COUNT,\n min_replica_count=MIN_REPLICA_COUNT,\n max_replica_count=MAX_REPLICA_COUNT,\n spot=True,\n sync=True\n)\n```\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- Learn more about [Spot VMs](/compute/docs/instances/spot).\n- To learn more about Compute Engine VMs in general, read the [Virtual machine instances](/compute/docs/instances) documentation.\n- To learn how to create Spot VMs, read [Create and use\n Spot VMs](/compute/docs/instances/create-use-spot).\n- [Use Spot VMs with Vertex AI\n training](/vertex-ai/docs/training/use-spot-vms).\n- [Use Flex-start VMs with Vertex AI\n inference](/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/use-flex-start-vms)."]]
