管理服务账号的 HMAC 密钥

概览

本页面介绍了如何创建、停用和删除与项目中的服务账号关联的基于哈希的消息身份验证代码 (HMAC)。

准备工作

在 Cloud Storage 中使用此功能之前，您必须满足以下要求：

确保拥有的权限足以支持在所选项目中使用 HMAC 密钥：
- 如果您拥有该项目，那么您很可能已具备必要的权限。
- 您应对该项目拥有前缀为 storage.hmacKeys 的 IAM 权限。如需了解如何获取具有这些权限的角色（例如 Storage HMAC Key Admin），请参阅使用 IAM 权限。
您的项目应包含一个您要为其创建 HMAC 密钥的服务账号。如果您目前还没有服务账号，请参阅创建服务账号。
对 HMAC 密钥身份验证停用了 restrictAuthTypes 限制条件。如需了解如何检查和停用限制条件，请参阅创建和管理组织政策。

创建 HMAC 密钥

如需为服务账号创建 HMAC 密钥，请执行以下操作：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，进入 Cloud Storage 设置页面。

转至“设置”
选择互操作标签页。
点击 为服务账号创建密钥。
选择要与 HMAC 密钥相关联的服务账号。
点击创建密钥。

如需了解如何在 Google Cloud 控制台中获取有关失败的 Cloud Storage 操作的详细错误信息，请参阅问题排查。

命令行

使用 hmac create 命令：

gcloud storage hmac create SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL

其中，SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL 是与您的服务账号相关联的电子邮件地址，例如 service-7550275089395@my-pet-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com。

如果成功，响应会包含 HMAC 密钥资源，包括 accessId 和 secret 的值。

客户端库

C++

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C++ API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
return [](gcs::Client client, std::string const& service_account_email) {
  StatusOr<std::pair<gcs::HmacKeyMetadata, std::string>> key_info =
      client.CreateHmacKey(service_account_email);
  if (!key_info) throw std::move(key_info).status();

  std::cout << "The base64 encoded secret is: " << key_info->second
            << "\nDo not miss that secret, there is no API to recover it."
            << "\nThe HMAC key metadata is: " << key_info->first << "\n";
  return key_info->first.access_id();
}

C#

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C# API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。


using Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data;
using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;

public class CreateHmacKeySample
{
    public HmacKey CreateHmacKey(
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string serviceAccountEmail = "dev@iam.gserviceaccount.com")
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        var key = storage.CreateHmacKey(projectId, serviceAccountEmail);

        var secret = key.Secret;
        var metadata = key.Metadata;

        Console.WriteLine($"The Base64 encoded secret is: {secret}");
        Console.WriteLine("Make sure to save that secret, there's no API to recover it.");
        Console.WriteLine("The HMAC key metadata is:");
        Console.WriteLine($"ID: {metadata.Id}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Access ID: {metadata.AccessId}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Project ID: {metadata.ProjectId}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Service Account Email: {metadata.ServiceAccountEmail}");
        Console.WriteLine($"State: {metadata.State}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Time Created: {metadata.TimeCreated}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Time Updated: {metadata.Updated}");
        Console.WriteLine($"ETag: {metadata.ETag}");
        return key;
    }
}

Go

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// createHMACKey creates a new HMAC key using the given project and service account.
func createHMACKey(w io.Writer, projectID string, serviceAccountEmail string) (*storage.HMACKey, error) {
	ctx := context.Background()

	// Initialize client.
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close() // Closing the client safely cleans up background resources.

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Minute)
	defer cancel()
	key, err := client.CreateHMACKey(ctx, projectID, serviceAccountEmail)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("CreateHMACKey: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", key)
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "The base64 encoded secret is %s\n", key.Secret)
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Do not miss that secret, there is no API to recover it.")
	fmt.Fprintln(w, "The HMAC key metadata is")
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%+v", key)

	return key, nil
}

Java

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。


import com.google.cloud.storage.HmacKey;
import com.google.cloud.storage.ServiceAccount;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageException;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;
import java.util.Date;

public class CreateHmacKey {
  public static void createHmacKey(String serviceAccountEmail, String projectId)
      throws StorageException {

    // The service account email for which the new HMAC key will be created.
    // String serviceAccountEmail = "service-account@iam.gserviceaccount.com";

    // The ID of the project to which the service account belongs.
    // String projectId = "project-id";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();

    ServiceAccount account = ServiceAccount.of(serviceAccountEmail);
    HmacKey hmacKey =
        storage.createHmacKey(account, Storage.CreateHmacKeyOption.projectId(projectId));

    String secret = hmacKey.getSecretKey();
    HmacKey.HmacKeyMetadata metadata = hmacKey.getMetadata();

    System.out.println("The Base64 encoded secret is: " + secret);
    System.out.println("Do not lose that secret, there is no API to recover it.");
    System.out.println("The HMAC key metadata is:");
    System.out.println("ID: " + metadata.getId());
    System.out.println("Access ID: " + metadata.getAccessId());
    System.out.println("Project ID: " + metadata.getProjectId());
    System.out.println("Service Account Email: " + metadata.getServiceAccount().getEmail());
    System.out.println("State: " + metadata.getState().toString());
    System.out.println("Time Created: " + new Date(metadata.getCreateTime()).toString());
    System.out.println("Time Updated: " + new Date(metadata.getUpdateTime()).toString());
    System.out.println("ETag: " + metadata.getEtag());
  }
}

Node.js

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The service account email for which the new HMAC key will be created
// const serviceAccountEmail = 'service-account@iam.gserviceaccount.com';

// The ID of the project to which the service account belongs
// const projectId = 'project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

// Create HMAC SA Key
async function createHmacKey() {
  const [hmacKey, secret] = await storage.createHmacKey(serviceAccountEmail, {
    projectId,
  });

  console.log(`The base64 encoded secret is: ${secret}`);
  console.log('Do not miss that secret, there is no API to recover it.');
  console.log('The HMAC key metadata is:');
  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(hmacKey.metadata)) {
    console.log(`${key}: ${value}`);
  }
}

PHP

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage PHP API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Create a new HMAC key.
 *
 * @param string $projectId The ID of your Google Cloud Platform project.
 *        (e.g. 'my-project-id')
 * @param string $serviceAccountEmail Service account email to associate with the new HMAC key.
 *        (e.g. 'service-account@iam.gserviceaccount.com')
 */
function create_hmac_key(string $projectId, string $serviceAccountEmail): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    // By default createHmacKey will use the projectId used by StorageClient().
    $hmacKeyCreated = $storage->createHmacKey($serviceAccountEmail, ['projectId' => $projectId]);

    printf('The base64 encoded secret is: %s' . PHP_EOL, $hmacKeyCreated->secret());
    print('Do not miss that secret, there is no API to recover it.' . PHP_EOL);
    printf('HMAC key Metadata: %s' . PHP_EOL, print_r($hmacKeyCreated->hmacKey()->info(), true));
}

Python

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

from google.cloud import storage


def create_key(project_id, service_account_email):
    """
    Create a new HMAC key using the given project and service account.
    """
    # project_id = 'Your Google Cloud project ID'
    # service_account_email = 'Service account used to generate the HMAC key'

    storage_client = storage.Client(project=project_id)

    hmac_key, secret = storage_client.create_hmac_key(
        service_account_email=service_account_email, project_id=project_id
    )

    print(f"The base64 encoded secret is {secret}")
    print("Do not miss that secret, there is no API to recover it.")
    print("The HMAC key metadata is:")
    print(f"Service Account Email: {hmac_key.service_account_email}")
    print(f"Key ID: {hmac_key.id}")
    print(f"Access ID: {hmac_key.access_id}")
    print(f"Project ID: {hmac_key.project}")
    print(f"State: {hmac_key.state}")
    print(f"Created At: {hmac_key.time_created}")
    print(f"Updated At: {hmac_key.updated}")
    print(f"Etag: {hmac_key.etag}")
    return hmac_key

Ruby

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

def create_hmac_key service_account_email:
  # The service account email used to generate an HMAC key
  # service_account_email = "service-my-project-number@gs-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com"

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new

  # By default Storage#create_hmac_key uses the Storage client project_id
  hmac_key = storage.create_hmac_key service_account_email

  puts "The base64 encoded secret is: #{hmac_key.secret}"
  puts "Do not miss that secret, there is no API to recover it."
  puts "\nThe HMAC key metadata is:"
  puts "Key ID:                #{hmac_key.id}"
  puts "Service Account Email: #{hmac_key.service_account_email}"
  puts "Access ID:             #{hmac_key.access_id}"
  puts "Project ID:            #{hmac_key.project_id}"
  puts "Active:                #{hmac_key.active?}"
  puts "Created At:            #{hmac_key.created_at}"
  puts "Updated At:            #{hmac_key.updated_at}"
  puts "Etag:                  #{hmac_key.etag}"
end

Terraform

您可以使用 Terraform 资源创建 HMAC 密钥。此示例还包含用于创建服务账号的资源。

# Create a new service account
resource "google_service_account" "service_account" {
  account_id = "my-svc-acc"
}

# Create the HMAC key for the associated service account
resource "google_storage_hmac_key" "key" {
  service_account_email = google_service_account.service_account.email
}

REST API

JSON API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

或者，您可以创建访问令牌（使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground），并将其包含在 Authorization 标头中。
使用 cURL，通过 POST hmacKeys 请求调用 JSON API：
```
curl -X POST \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
  "https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/projects/PROJECT_IDENTIFIER/hmacKeys?serviceAccountEmail=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL"
```
其中：
- PROJECT_IDENTIFIER 是与您要创建的密钥相关联的项目的 ID 或编号。例如 my-pet-project。
- SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL 是与您的服务账号相关联的电子邮件地址。例如 service-7550275089395@my-pet-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com。

XML API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

或者，您可以创建访问令牌（使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground），并将其包含在 Authorization 标头中。
使用 cURL，通过 POST HMAC Key 请求调用 XML API：
```
curl -X POST \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
  "https://storage.googleapis.com/?Action=CreateAccessKey&UserName=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL"
```
其中，SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL 是与您的服务账号相关联的电子邮件地址，例如 service-7550275089395@my-pet-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com。

获取 HMAC 密钥信息

如需列出项目的 HMAC 密钥并获取密钥的相关信息，请执行以下操作：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，进入 Cloud Storage 设置页面。

转至“设置”
选择互操作标签页。

具有关联 HMAC 密钥的服务账号显示在服务账号 HMAC 部分的服务账号的访问密钥子部分中。
点击特定服务账号的名称可查看与其关联的 HMAC 密钥以及这些密钥的状态。

命令行

使用 hmac list 命令列出项目中的 HMAC 密钥：
```
gcloud storage hmac list
```
如果成功，该命令会返回 HMAC 密钥访问 ID 的列表、每个密钥的状态以及与每个密钥关联的服务账号。
使用 hmac describe 命令检索特定密钥的元数据：
```
gcloud storage hmac describe KEY_ACCESS_ID 
```
其中，KEY_ACCESS_ID 是所需密钥的访问 ID。

客户端库

C++

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C++ API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例检索与项目关联的 HMAC 密钥列表：

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Client client) {
  int count = 0;
  gcs::ListHmacKeysReader hmac_keys_list = client.ListHmacKeys();
  for (auto& key : hmac_keys_list) {
    if (!key) throw std::move(key).status();

    std::cout << "service_account_email = " << key->service_account_email()
              << "\naccess_id = " << key->access_id() << "\n";
    ++count;
  }
  if (count == 0) {
    std::cout << "No HMAC keys in default project\n";
  }
}

以下示例检索特定 HMAC 密钥的信息：

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Client client, std::string const& access_id) {
  StatusOr<gcs::HmacKeyMetadata> hmac_key = client.GetHmacKey(access_id);
  if (!hmac_key) throw std::move(hmac_key).status();

  std::cout << "The HMAC key metadata is: " << *hmac_key << "\n";
}

C#

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C# API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例检索与项目关联的 HMAC 密钥列表：


using Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data;
using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class ListHmacKeysSample
{
    public IEnumerable<HmacKeyMetadata> ListHmacKeys(string projectId = "your-project-id")
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        var keys = storage.ListHmacKeys(projectId);

        foreach (var key in keys)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Service Account Email: {key.ServiceAccountEmail}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Access ID: {key.AccessId}");
        }
        return keys;
    }
}

以下示例检索特定 HMAC 密钥的信息：


using Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data;
using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;

public class GetHmacKeySample
{
    public HmacKeyMetadata GetHmacKey(
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string accessId = "your-access-id")
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        var metadata = storage.GetHmacKey(projectId, accessId);

        Console.WriteLine("The HMAC key metadata is:");
        Console.WriteLine($"ID: {metadata.Id}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Access ID: {metadata.AccessId}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Project ID: {metadata.ProjectId}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Service Account Email: {metadata.ServiceAccountEmail}");
        Console.WriteLine($"State: {metadata.State}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Time Created: {metadata.TimeCreated}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Time Updated: {metadata.Updated}");
        Console.WriteLine($"ETag: {metadata.ETag}");
        return metadata;
    }
}

Go

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例检索与项目关联的 HMAC 密钥列表：

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

// listHMACKeys lists all HMAC keys associated with the project.
func listHMACKeys(w io.Writer, projectID string) ([]*storage.HMACKey, error) {
	ctx := context.Background()

	// Initialize client.
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close() // Closing the client safely cleans up background resources.

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Minute)
	defer cancel()
	iter := client.ListHMACKeys(ctx, projectID)
	var keys []*storage.HMACKey
	for {
		key, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("ListHMACKeys: %w", err)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Service Account Email: %s\n", key.ServiceAccountEmail)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Access ID: %s\n", key.AccessID)

		keys = append(keys, key)
	}

	return keys, nil
}

以下示例检索特定 HMAC 密钥的信息：

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// getHMACKey retrieves the HMACKeyMetadata with the given access id.
func getHMACKey(w io.Writer, accessID string, projectID string) (*storage.HMACKey, error) {
	ctx := context.Background()

	// Initialize client.
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close() // Closing the client safely cleans up background resources.

	handle := client.HMACKeyHandle(projectID, accessID)
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Minute)
	defer cancel()
	key, err := handle.Get(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Get: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintln(w, "The HMAC key metadata is:")
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%+v", key)
	return key, nil
}

Java

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例检索与项目关联的 HMAC 密钥列表：


import com.google.api.gax.paging.Page;
import com.google.cloud.storage.HmacKey;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageException;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;

public class ListHmacKeys {
  public static void listHmacKeys(String projectId) throws StorageException {
    // The ID of the project to which the service account belongs.
    // String projectId = "project-id";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();

    Page<HmacKey.HmacKeyMetadata> page =
        storage.listHmacKeys(Storage.ListHmacKeysOption.projectId(projectId));

    for (HmacKey.HmacKeyMetadata metadata : page.iterateAll()) {
      System.out.println("Service Account Email: " + metadata.getServiceAccount().getEmail());
      System.out.println("Access ID: " + metadata.getAccessId());
    }
  }
}

以下示例检索特定 HMAC 密钥的信息：


import com.google.cloud.storage.HmacKey;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageException;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;
import java.util.Date;

public class GetHmacKey {
  public static void getHmacKey(String accessId, String projectId) throws StorageException {
    // The access ID of the HMAC key.
    // String accessId = "GOOG0234230X00";

    // The ID of the project to which the service account belongs.
    // String projectId = "project-id";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();

    HmacKey.HmacKeyMetadata metadata =
        storage.getHmacKey(accessId, Storage.GetHmacKeyOption.projectId(projectId));

    System.out.println("The HMAC key metadata is:");
    System.out.println("ID: " + metadata.getId());
    System.out.println("Access ID: " + metadata.getAccessId());
    System.out.println("Project ID: " + metadata.getProjectId());
    System.out.println("Service Account Email: " + metadata.getServiceAccount().getEmail());
    System.out.println("State: " + metadata.getState().toString());
    System.out.println("Time Created: " + new Date(metadata.getCreateTime()).toString());
    System.out.println("Time Updated: " + new Date(metadata.getUpdateTime()).toString());
    System.out.println("ETag: " + metadata.getEtag());
  }
}

Node.js

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例检索与项目关联的 HMAC 密钥列表：

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The ID of the project to which the service account belongs
// const projectId = 'project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

// List HMAC SA Keys' Metadata
async function listHmacKeys() {
  const [hmacKeys] = await storage.getHmacKeys({projectId});

  // hmacKeys is an array of HmacKey objects.
  for (const hmacKey of hmacKeys) {
    console.log(
      `Service Account Email: ${hmacKey.metadata.serviceAccountEmail}`
    );
    console.log(`Access Id: ${hmacKey.metadata.accessId}`);
  }
}

以下示例检索特定 HMAC 密钥的信息：

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The access ID of the HMAC key
// const hmacKeyAccessId = 'GOOG0234230X00';

// The ID of the project to which the service account belongs
// const projectId = 'project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

// Get HMAC SA Key Metadata
async function getHmacKey() {
  const hmacKey = storage.hmacKey(hmacKeyAccessId, {projectId});

  // Populate the hmacKey object with metadata from server.
  await hmacKey.getMetadata();

  console.log('The HMAC key metadata is:');
  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(hmacKey.metadata)) {
    console.log(`${key}: ${value}`);
  }
}

PHP

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage PHP API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例检索与项目关联的 HMAC 密钥列表：

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * List HMAC keys.
 *
 * @param string $projectId The ID of your Google Cloud Platform project.
 *        (e.g. 'my-project-id')
 */
function list_hmac_keys(string $projectId): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    // By default hmacKeys will use the projectId used by StorageClient() to list HMAC Keys.
    $hmacKeys = $storage->hmacKeys(['projectId' => $projectId]);

    printf('HMAC Key\'s:' . PHP_EOL);
    foreach ($hmacKeys as $hmacKey) {
        printf('Service Account Email: %s' . PHP_EOL, $hmacKey->info()['serviceAccountEmail']);
        printf('Access Id: %s' . PHP_EOL, $hmacKey->info()['accessId']);
    }
}

以下示例检索特定 HMAC 密钥的信息：

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Get an HMAC key.
 *
 * @param string $projectId The ID of your Google Cloud Platform project.
 *        (e.g. 'my-project-id')
 * @param string $accessId Access ID for an HMAC key. (e.g. 'GOOG0234230X00')
 */
function get_hmac_key(string $projectId, string $accessId): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    $hmacKey = $storage->hmacKey($accessId, $projectId);

    printf('HMAC key Metadata: %s' . PHP_EOL, print_r($hmacKey->info(), true));
}

Python

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例检索与项目关联的 HMAC 密钥列表：

from google.cloud import storage


def list_keys(project_id):
    """
    List all HMAC keys associated with the project.
    """
    # project_id = "Your Google Cloud project ID"

    storage_client = storage.Client(project=project_id)
    hmac_keys = storage_client.list_hmac_keys(project_id=project_id)
    print("HMAC Keys:")
    for hmac_key in hmac_keys:
        print(
            f"Service Account Email: {hmac_key.service_account_email}"
        )
        print(f"Access ID: {hmac_key.access_id}")
    return hmac_keys

以下示例检索特定 HMAC 密钥的信息：

from google.cloud import storage


def get_key(access_id, project_id):
    """
    Retrieve the HMACKeyMetadata with the given access id.
    """
    # project_id = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
    # access_id = "ID of an HMAC key"

    storage_client = storage.Client(project=project_id)

    hmac_key = storage_client.get_hmac_key_metadata(
        access_id, project_id=project_id
    )

    print("The HMAC key metadata is:")
    print(f"Service Account Email: {hmac_key.service_account_email}")
    print(f"Key ID: {hmac_key.id}")
    print(f"Access ID: {hmac_key.access_id}")
    print(f"Project ID: {hmac_key.project}")
    print(f"State: {hmac_key.state}")
    print(f"Created At: {hmac_key.time_created}")
    print(f"Updated At: {hmac_key.updated}")
    print(f"Etag: {hmac_key.etag}")
    return hmac_key

Ruby

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例检索与项目关联的 HMAC 密钥列表：

def list_hmac_keys
  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new

  # By default Storage#hmac_keys uses the Storage client project_id
  hmac_keys = storage.hmac_keys

  puts "HMAC Keys:"
  hmac_keys.all do |hmac_key|
    puts "Service Account Email: #{hmac_key.service_account_email}"
    puts "Access ID: #{hmac_key.access_id}"
  end
end

以下示例检索特定 HMAC 密钥的信息：

def get_hmac_key access_id:
  # The access ID of the HMAC key
  # access_id = "GOOG0234230X00"

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new

  # By default Storage#hmac_keys uses the Storage client project_id
  hmac_key = storage.hmac_key access_id

  puts "The HMAC key metadata is:"
  puts "Key ID:                #{hmac_key.id}"
  puts "Service Account Email: #{hmac_key.service_account_email}"
  puts "Access ID:             #{hmac_key.access_id}"
  puts "Project ID:            #{hmac_key.project_id}"
  puts "Active:                #{hmac_key.active?}"
  puts "Created At:            #{hmac_key.created_at}"
  puts "Updated At:            #{hmac_key.updated_at}"
  puts "Etag:                  #{hmac_key.etag}"
end

REST API

JSON API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

或者，您可以创建访问令牌（使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground），并将其包含在 Authorization 标头中。

使用 cURL，通过 LIST hmacKeys 请求调用 JSON API：

curl -X GET \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  "https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/projects/PROJECT_IDENTIFIER/hmacKeys"

其中，PROJECT_IDENTIFIER 是与您要列出的密钥相关联的项目的 ID 或编号。例如 my-pet-project。

XML API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

或者，您可以创建访问令牌（使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground），并将其包含在 Authorization 标头中。
使用 cURL，通过 GET HMAC Key 请求调用 XML API：
```
curl -X GET \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
  "https://storage.googleapis.com/?Action=ListAccessKeys&UserName=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL"
```
其中，SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL 是与您的服务账号相关联的电子邮件地址，例如 service-7550275089395@my-pet-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com。

更新 HMAC 密钥的状态

如需切换 HMAC 密钥的活跃或非活跃状态，请执行以下操作：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，进入 Cloud Storage 设置页面。

转至“设置”
选择互操作标签页。
在服务账号的访问密钥子部分中，点击与要更新其状态的 HMAC 密钥关联的服务账号的名称。
点击要更新的密钥的状态。
- 如果要将密钥的状态从“非活跃”更改为“活跃”，请在随后出现的窗口中点击停用。
- 如果要将密钥的状态从“活跃”更改为“非活跃”，则无需执行其他步骤。

命令行

使用 hmac update 命令：

gcloud storage hmac update ACCESS_KEY_ID STATE

其中：

ACCESS_KEY_ID 是与您要更新的密钥相关联的访问 ID。
STATE 是 --activate 或 --deactivate。

如果成功，该命令会返回更新后的 HMAC 密钥元数据。

客户端库

C++

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C++ API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例会停用 HMAC 密钥：

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Client client, std::string const& access_id) {
  StatusOr<gcs::HmacKeyMetadata> updated = client.UpdateHmacKey(
      access_id, gcs::HmacKeyMetadata().set_state(
                     gcs::HmacKeyMetadata::state_inactive()));
  if (!updated) throw std::move(updated).status();

  if (updated->state() != gcs::HmacKeyMetadata::state_inactive()) {
    throw std::runtime_error("The HMAC key is active, this is unexpected");
  }
  std::cout << "The HMAC key is now inactive\nFull metadata: " << *updated
            << "\n";
}

以下示例会激活 HMAC 密钥：

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Client client, std::string const& access_id) {
  StatusOr<gcs::HmacKeyMetadata> updated = client.UpdateHmacKey(
      access_id,
      gcs::HmacKeyMetadata().set_state(gcs::HmacKeyMetadata::state_active()));
  if (!updated) throw std::move(updated).status();

  if (updated->state() != gcs::HmacKeyMetadata::state_active()) {
    throw std::runtime_error(
        "The HMAC key is NOT active, this is unexpected");
  }
  std::cout << "The HMAC key is now active\nFull metadata: " << *updated
            << "\n";
}

C#

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C# API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例会停用 HMAC 密钥：


using Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data;
using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;

public class DeactivateHmacKeySample
{
    public HmacKeyMetadata DeactivateHmacKey(
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string accessId = "your-access-id")
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        var metadata = storage.GetHmacKey(projectId, accessId);
        metadata.State = HmacKeyStates.Inactive;
        var updatedMetadata = storage.UpdateHmacKey(metadata);

        Console.WriteLine("The HMAC key is now inactive.");
        Console.WriteLine("The HMAC key metadata is:");
        Console.WriteLine($"ID: {updatedMetadata.Id}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Access ID: {updatedMetadata.AccessId}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Project ID: {updatedMetadata.ProjectId}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Service Account Email: {updatedMetadata.ServiceAccountEmail}");
        Console.WriteLine($"State: {updatedMetadata.State}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Time Created: {updatedMetadata.TimeCreated}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Time Updated: {updatedMetadata.Updated}");
        Console.WriteLine($"ETag: {updatedMetadata.ETag}");
        return updatedMetadata;
    }
}

以下示例会激活 HMAC 密钥：


using Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data;
using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;

public class ActivateHmacKeySample
{
    public HmacKeyMetadata ActivateHmacKey(
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string accessId = "access-id")
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        var metadata = storage.GetHmacKey(projectId, accessId);
        metadata.State = HmacKeyStates.Active;
        var updatedMetadata = storage.UpdateHmacKey(metadata);

        Console.WriteLine("The HMAC key is now active.");
        Console.WriteLine("The HMAC key metadata is:");
        Console.WriteLine($"ID: {updatedMetadata.Id}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Access ID: {updatedMetadata.AccessId}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Project ID: {updatedMetadata.ProjectId}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Service Account Email: {updatedMetadata.ServiceAccountEmail}");
        Console.WriteLine($"State: {updatedMetadata.State}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Time Created: {updatedMetadata.TimeCreated}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Time Updated: {updatedMetadata.Updated}");
        Console.WriteLine($"ETag: {updatedMetadata.ETag}");
        return updatedMetadata;
    }
}

Go

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例会停用 HMAC 密钥：

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// deactivateHMACKey deactivates the HMAC key with the given access ID.
func deactivateHMACKey(w io.Writer, accessID string, projectID string) (*storage.HMACKey, error) {
	ctx := context.Background()

	// Initialize client.
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close() // Closing the client safely cleans up background resources.

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Minute)
	defer cancel()
	handle := client.HMACKeyHandle(projectID, accessID)
	key, err := handle.Update(ctx, storage.HMACKeyAttrsToUpdate{State: "INACTIVE"})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Update: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintln(w, "The HMAC key metadata is:")
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%+v", key)

	return key, nil
}

以下示例会激活 HMAC 密钥：

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// activateHMACKey activates the HMAC key with the given access ID.
func activateHMACKey(w io.Writer, accessID string, projectID string) (*storage.HMACKey, error) {
	ctx := context.Background()

	// Initialize client.
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close() // Closing the client safely cleans up background resources.

	handle := client.HMACKeyHandle(projectID, accessID)
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Minute)
	defer cancel()
	key, err := handle.Update(ctx, storage.HMACKeyAttrsToUpdate{State: "ACTIVE"})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Update: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintln(w, "The HMAC key metadata is:")
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%+v", key)

	return key, nil
}

Java

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例会停用 HMAC 密钥：


import com.google.cloud.storage.HmacKey;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageException;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;
import java.util.Date;

public class DeactivateHmacKey {
  public static void deactivateHmacKey(String accessId, String projectId) throws StorageException {
    // The access ID of the HMAC key.
    // String accessId = "GOOG0234230X00";

    // The ID of the project to which the service account belongs.
    // String projectId = "project-id";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();

    HmacKey.HmacKeyMetadata metadata =
        storage.getHmacKey(accessId, Storage.GetHmacKeyOption.projectId(projectId));
    HmacKey.HmacKeyMetadata newMetadata =
        storage.updateHmacKeyState(metadata, HmacKey.HmacKeyState.INACTIVE);

    System.out.println("The HMAC key is now inactive.");
    System.out.println("The HMAC key metadata is:");
    System.out.println("ID: " + newMetadata.getId());
    System.out.println("Access ID: " + newMetadata.getAccessId());
    System.out.println("Project ID: " + newMetadata.getProjectId());
    System.out.println("Service Account Email: " + newMetadata.getServiceAccount().getEmail());
    System.out.println("State: " + newMetadata.getState().toString());
    System.out.println("Time Created: " + new Date(newMetadata.getCreateTime()).toString());
    System.out.println("Time Updated: " + new Date(newMetadata.getUpdateTime()).toString());
    System.out.println("ETag: " + newMetadata.getEtag());
  }
}

以下示例会激活 HMAC 密钥：


import com.google.cloud.storage.HmacKey;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageException;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;
import java.util.Date;

public class ActivateHmacKey {
  public static void activateHmacKey(String accessId, String projectId) throws StorageException {
    // The access ID of the HMAC key.
    // String accessId = "GOOG0234230X00";

    // The ID of the project to which the service account belongs.
    // String projectId = "project-id";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();

    HmacKey.HmacKeyMetadata metadata =
        storage.getHmacKey(accessId, Storage.GetHmacKeyOption.projectId(projectId));
    HmacKey.HmacKeyMetadata newMetadata =
        storage.updateHmacKeyState(metadata, HmacKey.HmacKeyState.ACTIVE);

    System.out.println("The HMAC key is now active.");
    System.out.println("The HMAC key metadata is:");
    System.out.println("ID: " + newMetadata.getId());
    System.out.println("Access ID: " + newMetadata.getAccessId());
    System.out.println("Project ID: " + newMetadata.getProjectId());
    System.out.println("Service Account Email: " + newMetadata.getServiceAccount().getEmail());
    System.out.println("State: " + newMetadata.getState().toString());
    System.out.println("Time Created: " + new Date(newMetadata.getCreateTime()).toString());
    System.out.println("Time Updated: " + new Date(newMetadata.getUpdateTime()).toString());
    System.out.println("ETag: " + newMetadata.getEtag());
  }
}

Node.js

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例会停用 HMAC 密钥：

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The access ID of the HMAC key
// const hmacKeyAccessId = 'GOOG0234230X00';

// The ID of the project to which the service account belongs
// const projectId = 'project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

// Deactivate HMAC SA Key
async function deactivateHmacKey() {
  const hmacKey = storage.hmacKey(hmacKeyAccessId, {projectId});
  const [hmacKeyMetadata] = await hmacKey.setMetadata({state: 'INACTIVE'});

  console.log('The HMAC key is now inactive.');
  console.log('The HMAC key metadata is:');
  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(hmacKeyMetadata)) {
    console.log(`${key}: ${value}`);
  }
}

以下示例会激活 HMAC 密钥：

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The access ID of the HMAC key
// const hmacKeyAccessId = 'GOOG0234230X00';

// The ID of the project to which the service account belongs
// const projectId = 'project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

// Activate HMAC SA Key
async function activateHmacKey() {
  const hmacKey = storage.hmacKey(hmacKeyAccessId, {projectId});
  const [hmacKeyMetadata] = await hmacKey.setMetadata({state: 'ACTIVE'});

  console.log('The HMAC key is now active.');
  console.log('The HMAC key metadata is:');
  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(hmacKeyMetadata)) {
    console.log(`${key}: ${value}`);
  }
}

PHP

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage PHP API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例会停用 HMAC 密钥：

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Deactivate an HMAC key.
 *
 * @param string $projectId The ID of your Google Cloud Platform project.
 *        (e.g. 'my-project-id')
 * @param string $accessId Access ID for an inactive HMAC key.
 *        (e.g. 'GOOG0234230X00')
 */
function deactivate_hmac_key(string $projectId, string $accessId): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    // By default hmacKey will use the projectId used by StorageClient().
    $hmacKey = $storage->hmacKey($accessId, $projectId);

    $hmacKey->update('INACTIVE');

    print('The HMAC key is now inactive.' . PHP_EOL);
    printf('HMAC key Metadata: %s' . PHP_EOL, print_r($hmacKey->info(), true));
}

以下示例会激活 HMAC 密钥：

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Activate an HMAC key.
 *
 * @param string $projectId The ID of your Google Cloud Platform project.
 *        (e.g. 'my-project-id')
 * @param string $accessId Access ID for an inactive HMAC key.
 *        (e.g. 'GOOG0234230X00')
 */
function activate_hmac_key(string $projectId, string $accessId): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    // By default hmacKey will use the projectId used by StorageClient().
    $hmacKey = $storage->hmacKey($accessId, $projectId);

    $hmacKey->update('ACTIVE');

    print('The HMAC key is now active.' . PHP_EOL);
    printf('HMAC key Metadata: %s' . PHP_EOL, print_r($hmacKey->info(), true));
}

Python

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例会停用 HMAC 密钥：

from google.cloud import storage


def deactivate_key(access_id, project_id):
    """
    Deactivate the HMAC key with the given access ID.
    """
    # project_id = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
    # access_id = "ID of an active HMAC key"

    storage_client = storage.Client(project=project_id)

    hmac_key = storage_client.get_hmac_key_metadata(
        access_id, project_id=project_id
    )
    hmac_key.state = "INACTIVE"
    hmac_key.update()

    print("The HMAC key is now inactive.")
    print("The HMAC key metadata is:")
    print(f"Service Account Email: {hmac_key.service_account_email}")
    print(f"Key ID: {hmac_key.id}")
    print(f"Access ID: {hmac_key.access_id}")
    print(f"Project ID: {hmac_key.project}")
    print(f"State: {hmac_key.state}")
    print(f"Created At: {hmac_key.time_created}")
    print(f"Updated At: {hmac_key.updated}")
    print(f"Etag: {hmac_key.etag}")
    return hmac_key

以下示例会激活 HMAC 密钥：

from google.cloud import storage


def activate_key(access_id, project_id):
    """
    Activate the HMAC key with the given access ID.
    """
    # project_id = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
    # access_id = "ID of an inactive HMAC key"

    storage_client = storage.Client(project=project_id)

    hmac_key = storage_client.get_hmac_key_metadata(
        access_id, project_id=project_id
    )
    hmac_key.state = "ACTIVE"
    hmac_key.update()

    print("The HMAC key metadata is:")
    print(f"Service Account Email: {hmac_key.service_account_email}")
    print(f"Key ID: {hmac_key.id}")
    print(f"Access ID: {hmac_key.access_id}")
    print(f"Project ID: {hmac_key.project}")
    print(f"State: {hmac_key.state}")
    print(f"Created At: {hmac_key.time_created}")
    print(f"Updated At: {hmac_key.updated}")
    print(f"Etag: {hmac_key.etag}")
    return hmac_key

Ruby

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

以下示例会停用 HMAC 密钥：

def deactivate_hmac_key access_id:
  # The access ID of the HMAC key
  # access_id = "GOOG0234230X00"

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new

  # By default Storage#hmac_keys uses the Storage client project_id
  hmac_key = storage.hmac_key access_id

  hmac_key.inactive!

  puts "The HMAC key is now inactive."
  puts "The HMAC key metadata is:"
  puts "Key ID:                #{hmac_key.id}"
  puts "Service Account Email: #{hmac_key.service_account_email}"
  puts "Access ID:             #{hmac_key.access_id}"
  puts "Project ID:            #{hmac_key.project_id}"
  puts "Active:                #{hmac_key.active?}"
  puts "Created At:            #{hmac_key.created_at}"
  puts "Updated At:            #{hmac_key.updated_at}"
  puts "Etag:                  #{hmac_key.etag}"
end

以下示例会激活 HMAC 密钥：

def activate_hmac_key access_id:
  # The access ID of the HMAC key
  # access_id = "GOOG0234230X00"

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new

  # By default Storage#hmac_keys uses the Storage client project_id
  hmac_key = storage.hmac_key access_id

  hmac_key.active!

  puts "The HMAC key is now active."
  puts "The HMAC key metadata is:"
  puts "Key ID:                #{hmac_key.id}"
  puts "Service Account Email: #{hmac_key.service_account_email}"
  puts "Access ID:             #{hmac_key.access_id}"
  puts "Project ID:            #{hmac_key.project_id}"
  puts "Active:                #{hmac_key.active?}"
  puts "Created At:            #{hmac_key.created_at}"
  puts "Updated At:            #{hmac_key.updated_at}"
  puts "Etag:                  #{hmac_key.etag}"
end

REST API

JSON API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

或者，您可以创建访问令牌（使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground），并将其包含在 Authorization 标头中。
创建一个包含以下信息的 JSON 文件：
```
{"state": "STATE"}
```
其中 STATE 是所需的密钥状态。例如 INACTIVE。
使用 cURL，通过 PUT hmacKeys 请求调用 JSON API：
```
curl -X PUT --data-binary @JSON_FILE_NAME \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  "https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/projects/PROJECT_IDENTIFIER/hmacKeys/ACCESS_KEY_ID"
```
其中：
- JSON_FILE_NAME 是您在第 2 步中创建的文件的路径。
- PROJECT_IDENTIFIER 是与您要更新的密钥相关联的项目的 ID 或编号。例如 my-pet-project。
- ACCESS_KEY_ID 是与您要更新的密钥相关联的访问 ID。

XML API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

或者，您可以创建访问令牌（使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground），并将其包含在 Authorization 标头中。

使用 cURL，通过 POST HMAC Key 请求调用 XML API：

curl -X POST \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    "https://storage.googleapis.com/?Action=UpdateAccessKey&AccessKeyId=ACCESS_KEY_ID&Status=STATUS"

其中：

ACCESS_KEY_ID 是与您要更新的密钥相关联的访问 ID。
STATUS 是所需的密钥状态。例如 Inactive。

更改 HMAC 密钥的状态时，状态更改最多需要 3 分钟才能传播到 Cloud Storage 系统。因此，在停用 HMAC 密钥后，您应等待至少 3 分钟，然后再删除该密钥。

删除 HMAC 密钥

HMAC 密钥必须处于非活跃状态才能将其删除。如需删除处于非活跃状态的 HMAC 密钥，请执行以下操作：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，进入 Cloud Storage 设置页面。

转至“设置”
选择互操作标签页。
在服务账号的访问密钥子部分中，点击与要删除的 HMAC 密钥关联的服务账号的名称。
点击与要删除的密钥关联的垃圾箱图标。
在随后出现的对话框中，输入访问密钥 ID 的前 10 个字符（与窗口中提供的相同）。
点击删除。

命令行

使用 hmac delete 命令：

gcloud storage hmac delete ACCESS_KEY_ID

其中，ACCESS_KEY_ID 是与您要删除的密钥相关联的访问 ID。

如果成功，该命令不会返回响应。

客户端库

C++

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C++ API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
[](gcs::Client client, std::string const& access_id) {
  google::cloud::Status status = client.DeleteHmacKey(access_id);
  if (!status.ok()) throw std::runtime_error(status.message());

  std::cout << "The key is deleted, though it may still appear"
            << " in ListHmacKeys() results.\n";
}

C#

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C# API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。


using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;

public class DeleteHmacKeySample
{
    public void DeleteHmacKey(
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string accessId = "your-access-id")
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        storage.DeleteHmacKey(projectId, accessId);

        Console.WriteLine($"Key {accessId} was deleted.");
    }
}

Go

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// deleteHMACKey deletes the HMAC key with the given access ID. Key must have state
// INACTIVE in order to succeed.
func deleteHMACKey(w io.Writer, accessID string, projectID string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	// Initialize client.
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close() // Closing the client safely cleans up background resources.

	handle := client.HMACKeyHandle(projectID, accessID)
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Minute)
	defer cancel()
	if err = handle.Delete(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Delete: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintln(w, "The key is deleted, though it may still appear in ListHMACKeys results.")

	return nil
}

Java

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。


import com.google.cloud.storage.HmacKey;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageException;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;

public class DeleteHmacKey {
  public static void deleteHmacKey(String accessId, String projectId) throws StorageException {

    // The access ID of the HMAC key.
    // String accessId = "GOOG0234230X00";

    // The ID of the project to which the service account belongs.
    // String projectId = "project-id";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();

    HmacKey.HmacKeyMetadata metadata =
        storage.getHmacKey(accessId, Storage.GetHmacKeyOption.projectId(projectId));
    storage.deleteHmacKey(metadata);

    System.out.println(
        "The key is deleted, though it will still appear in "
            + "getHmacKeys() results if called with showDeletedKey.");
  }
}

Node.js

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The access ID of the HMAC key
// const hmacKeyAccessId = 'GOOG0234230X00';

// The ID of the project to which the service account belongs
// const projectId = 'project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

// Delete HMAC SA Key
async function deleteHmacKey() {
  const hmacKey = storage.hmacKey(hmacKeyAccessId, {projectId});
  await hmacKey.delete();

  console.log(
    'The key is deleted, though it may still appear in getHmacKeys() results.'
  );
}

PHP

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage PHP API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Delete an HMAC key.
 *
 * @param string $projectId The ID of your Google Cloud Platform project.
 *        (e.g. 'my-project-id')
 * @param string $accessId Access ID for an HMAC key. (e.g. 'GOOG0234230X00')
 */
function delete_hmac_key(string $projectId, string $accessId): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    // By default hmacKey will use the projectId used by StorageClient().
    $hmacKey = $storage->hmacKey($accessId, $projectId);

    $hmacKey->delete();
    print(
        'The key is deleted, though it may still appear in the results of calls ' .
        'to StorageClient.hmacKeys([\'showDeletedKeys\' => true])' . PHP_EOL
    );
}

Python

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

from google.cloud import storage


def delete_key(access_id, project_id):
    """
    Delete the HMAC key with the given access ID. Key must have state INACTIVE
    in order to succeed.
    """
    # project_id = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
    # access_id = "ID of an HMAC key (must be in INACTIVE state)"

    storage_client = storage.Client(project=project_id)

    hmac_key = storage_client.get_hmac_key_metadata(
        access_id, project_id=project_id
    )
    hmac_key.delete()

    print(
        "The key is deleted, though it may still appear in list_hmac_keys()"
        " results."
    )

Ruby

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

def delete_hmac_key access_id:
  # The access ID of the HMAC key
  # access_id = "GOOG0234230X00"

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new

  # By default Storage#hmac_keys uses the Storage client project_id
  hmac_key = storage.hmac_key access_id

  hmac_key.delete!

  puts "The key is deleted, though it may still appear in Client#hmac_keys results."
end

REST API

JSON API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

或者，您可以创建访问令牌（使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground），并将其包含在 Authorization 标头中。
使用 cURL，通过 DELETE hmacKeys 请求调用 JSON API：
```
curl -X DELETE \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
  "https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/projects/PROJECT_IDENTIFIER/hmacKeys/ACCESS_KEY_ID"
```
其中：
- PROJECT_IDENTIFIER 是与您要删除的密钥相关联的项目的 ID 或编号。例如 my-pet-project。
- ACCESS_KEY_ID 是与您要删除的密钥相关联的访问 ID。

XML API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

或者，您可以创建访问令牌（使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground），并将其包含在 Authorization 标头中。

使用 cURL，通过 POST HMAC Key 请求调用 XML API：

curl -X POST \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    "https://storage.googleapis.com/?Action=DeleteAccessKey&AccessKeyId=ACCESS_KEY_ID"

其中，ACCESS_KEY_ID 是与您要删除的密钥相关联的访问 ID。

后续步骤

如要从用户账号 HMAC 密钥转换为服务账号 HMAC 密钥，请遵循迁移指南。
在基于身份验证的请求中使用 HMAC 密钥。