Release Notes

This page contains the latest release notes for features and updates to the Compute Engine service. For older release notes, see the archive.

Latest API version: v1

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November 22, 2019

• N2 machine types are now available in the following regions and zones:

  • South Carolina us-east1-d
  • Belgium europe-west1-c
  • London europe-west2-c
  • Sydney australia-southeast1-a

• Virtual machines with 2 or 4 vCPUs now have a maximum egress rate of 10 Gbps. This feature is now Generally Available. For more information, see Machine types.

November 21, 2019

• After January 31, 2020, nested virtualization will be disabled by default by an organizational policy. To avoid interruptions to your workloads, update the organization policy to allow nested virtualization.

November 8, 2019

• N2 machine types are now available in the following regions and zones:

  • South Carolina us-east1-c
  • Belgium europe-west1-b
  • London europe-west2-a

November 6, 2019

• You can temporarily turn off or restrict managed instance group autoscaling. The autoscaler's configuration remains intact, and all autoscaling activities resume when you turn it on again or lift the restriction. Turning off or restricting autoscaling for managed instance groups is now available in Beta.

October 25, 2019

• As a G Suite admin, you can now complete the following tasks for the OS Login feature:

  • Enable OS Login using an organization policy. For more information, see Setting up an OS Login organization policy.
  • Track interactions with the OS Login API. For more information, see Auditing OS Login events

October 22, 2019

• You can attach up to 257 TB of persistent disk storage to each instance. This feature is Generally Available for most machine types.

• You can issue 100K read I/Os per second on SSD persistent disks. Read the persistent disk performance document for details.

October 21, 2019

• Increased the per-instance persistent disk write throughput performance for zonal and regional SSD. Read the persistent disk performance documentation for details.

October 07, 2019

• You can now create a VM instance from a persistent disk snapshot in the API or the gcloud tool. This feature is now Generally available. Read Creating a VM instance from a snapshot for more information.

October 2, 2019

• OS Inventory Management is now Generally available. For more information, read Viewing operating system details.

October 01, 2019

• Importing VM instances using open virtual appliance (OVA) is now Generally available. For more information, read Importing virtual appliances.

September 27, 2019

• N2 machine types are now Generally Available. Learn more about N2 machine types.

September 25, 2019

• The gVNIC virtual network interface is now available in Beta. For more information, see Creating VM instances that use the gVNIC network interface.
• The v1beta1 server and v0.1 metadata server endpoints are deprecated and are scheduled for shutdown. For information about transitioning to the v1 metadata server endpoint, see Transitioning to the v1 metadata server endpoint.
• For additional security when connecting to Linux instances, you can now store your host keys as guest attributes. This feature is now in General availability, see Storing host keys.

September 24, 2019

• Instances with more than 16 vCPUs have an increased standard persistent disk bandwidth limit of 1200 MB/s for reads and 400 MB/s for writes. Instances with between 8 and 15 vCPUs also have an increased standard persistent disk bandwidth limit of 800 MB/s reads and 400 MB/s for writes. Read the Persistent Disk Performance page for details.

September 23, 2019

• N2 machine types are now available in the following regions and zones:

  • Taiwan asia-east1-a, asia-east1-b
  • Netherlands europe-west4-a
  • Iowa us-central1-f

• C2 machine types are now available in following regions and zones:

  • Singapore asia-southeast1-b, asia-southeast1-c
  • Netherlands europe-west4-a
  • Los Angeles us-west2-a, us-west2-c
  • Iowa us-central1-f

September 16, 2019

• C2 machine types are now available in the South Carolina us-east1 region in all zones.

  September 13, 2019

• Launched support for virtual displays to General availability.

September 04, 2019

• Reserving zonal resources is now Generally available. Reserve VMs, with or without GPUs and local SSD, in a specific zone.

September 03, 2019

• Renamed n1-megamem and n1-ultramem machine types to m1-megamem and m1-ultramem respectively.
• M1 machine types are now available in Taiwan, London, and Mumbai.

August 26, 2019

• Larger memory-optimized machine types are now Generally Available. Learn more about these larger ultramem machine types.

August 23, 2019

• N2 machine types are now available in Singapore and in the europe-west4-a zone in the Netherlands. See machine types for more information.
• C2 machine types are now available in zones in Taiwan, Tokyo, London, and in the europe-west4-a zone in the Netherlands. See machine types for more information.

August 13, 2019

• Specifying an image storage location is now available in Beta for custom images. Specifying your image storage location helps you meet your regulatory and compliance requirements for data locality as well as your high availability needs by ensuring redundancy across regions. See Creating, deleting, and deprecating custom images, and Creating a Windows image.
• For additional security when connecting to Linux instances, you can now store your host keys as guest attributes. This feature is now available in Beta, see Storing host keys.

August 12, 2019

• Scheduled snapshots for persistent disks are now Generally Available. For more information, see Creating scheduled snapshots for persistent disk.

• New general-purpose N2 machine types are now available in Beta.

July 31, 2019

• Compute-optimized machine types, are now available in General Availability. Applicable charges will apply.

July 25, 2019

• New larger memory-optimized machine types are now available in Beta. Learn more about these larger ultramem machine types.

July 17, 2019

• Memory-optimized commitments are now available in Beta. Read about Committed Use Discounts.

July 8, 2019

• You can now create VMs with compute-optimized machine types, available in Beta. Applicable charges will apply.
• You can now view operating system details for your VM instances using OS Inventory Management. This feature is available in Beta. For more information, read Viewing operating system details.

July 2, 2019

• Updating selected VM instances in a managed instance group, with minimal disruption and in a controlled way, is now available in Beta.
• Importing VM Instances using OVA or OVF virtual appliances is now available in Beta. For more information, read Importing OVF virtual appliances.
• Setting and querying guest attributes is now Generally Available. You can use guest attributes to communicate the status of applications and scripts within your instance.

June 27, 2019

• Mounting a persistent disk as a data volume in a container on Compute Engine is now Generally Available.

June 18, 2019

• Bring your own license with in-place restarts is now available in General Availability.

May 17, 2019

• Regional persistent disks can now be attached to multiple VMs in read-only mode. For more information, read Sharing a regional persistent disk between multiple instances.
• You can now use the Google Cloud Console to import virtual disks.

May 16, 2019

• Snapshot locations are now Generally Available. The storage location of a snapshot affects the availability of the snapshot and networking costs for creating and restoring a snapshot. For more information, see Selecting the storage location for a snapshot.

• Multi-regional snapshot pricing is now separated from regional snapshot pricing. Read the Persistent disk pricing page to learn about multi-regional snapshot pricing.

May 07, 2019

• The following operating systems are now Generally Available as public images:

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux for SAP with Update Services and High Availability 7.4 and 7.6

• Red Hat has deprecated Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 for SAP Applications and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 for HANA. For more information, read the RHEL for SAP offerings page. As a result, these images are now marked deprecated on Compute Engine.

April 29, 2019

• Reserving zonal resources is now available in Beta. You can reserve memory-optimized and general purpose VMs, with or without GPUs and local SSD, in a specific zone.

April 19, 2019

• Regional persistent disk is now Generally Available. To learn more, read Adding or resizing regional persistent disks. See the pricing page to learn how this disk type is billed.

April 18, 2019

• The asia-northeast2 Osaka region is now available to all projects and users. The zones in the asia-northeast2 region have the Skylake CPU platform. See Regions and Zones for more information.

April 10, 2019

• NVIDIA® Tesla® T4 GPU and NVIDIA® Tesla® T4 Virtual Workstations are now Generally available, in eight regions. See the GPUs on Compute Engine page to learn more.

April 05, 2019

• Memory-optimized machine types with up to 160 vCPUs and 3.75 TB of memory are now available in the following zones:

  • us-east4-b
  • us-east4-c

  See the pricing page to learn how these machine types are billed.

April 02, 2019

• Bringing your own licenses with sole-tenant nodes is now available in Beta.

March 29, 2019

• Viewing VM serial port output in Stackdriver is now Generally Available. If you enable serial port output logging to Stackdriver, logs are retained for 30 days, even if your VM is deleted.

March 28, 2019

• The Compute Engine SLA has been updated.

March 27, 2019

• You can add virtual display devices to your instances. Use virtual display devices to run applications that require a display device without adding a phyiscal GPU device. Virtual display devices are available in Beta. Read Enabling Virtual Displays on Instances to learn more.
• You can now add extra security when connecting to instances using OS Login. For more information, see Setting up OS Login with two-factor authentication.

March 22, 2019

• Increased the per-instance persistent disk throughput performance to 240 MB/s for read and write bandwidth. See the Persistent Disk Performance for details.

March 11, 2019

• Added new europe-west6 region in Zürich, Switzerland. The europe-west6 region contains Skylake zones that are now available to all projects and users. See Regions and Zones for more information.

February 27, 2019

• Memory-optimized machine types with up to 160 vCPUs and 3.75 TB of memory are now available in the following zones:

  • asia-northeast1-a
  • asia-southeast1-b
  • northamerica-northeast1-b
  • northamerica-northeast1-c
  • southamerica-east1-b
  • southamerica-east1-c
  • us-central1-a

  See the pricing page to learn how these machine types are billed.

February 21, 2019

• You can now attach up to 128 independent persistent disks to custom machine types and most predefined machine types. For more details, see Persistent disk limits.

February 14, 2019

• User-created scheduled snapshots for zonal and regional persistent disks is now available in Beta. Scheduled snapshots allows you to create an automatic snapshot schedule and include a retention policy for maintaining those snapshots. For more information, see Creating scheduled snapshots for persistent disk.

February 11, 2019

• Sole tenant nodes are now available in Hong Kong (asia-east2).
• Application-based health checking and autohealing for managed instance groups is now Generally Available.

February 06, 2019

• Selecting 16 KB physical block size is now in Beta. You can create zonal and regional persistent disks with a 16 KB physical block. Some database applications might see greater performance by using 16 KB physical block. Read Adding Persistent Disks for feature details. Read Optimizing Persistent Disk and Local SSD Performance for performance comparisons. Read the Best practices for 16 KB persistent disk and MySQL tutorial to learn about performance improvements to a MySQL database.
• Users and applications can now write to instance-specific guest-writeable metadata values. You can use guest attributes to communicate status of applications and scripts within your instance. Read Setting and querying guest attributes to learn more.

February 6, 2019

• The Managed Instance Group Updater is now Generally Available. This feature enables proactive, flexible rolling updates with the option to canary a new version on a subset of managed instance group VMs.

January 29, 2019

• Granting access to specific Compute resources, such as VM instances, disks, and images, is now Generally Available. This feature gives you flexibility to apply the principle of least privilege, for example, to grant collaborators permissions only to the specific resources that they need to do their work.

January 24, 2019

• Detaching and reattaching boot disks from a stopped VM instance is now available in GA. Use the Google Cloud Console, gcloud or API to detach a failed boot disk, fix it, then reattach it back to the original VM instance. You can also use this feature for rollbacks: detach a disk, create a new disk using an earlier snapshot, and attach that restored disk to your VM. See Detaching and Reattaching Boot Disks for details.

• Creating a VM Instance with a Custom Hostname is now Generally Available.

January 16, 2019

• NVIDIA® Tesla® T4 GPU and NVIDIA® Tesla® T4 Virtual Workstations are now available, as Beta, in eight regions. See the GPUs on Compute Engine page to learn more.

January 11, 2019

• Windows Server 2019 images are now Generally Available as a public image.
• Windows Server, version 1809 images are now Generally Available as a public image. This is a Server Core image that is part of the semi-annual release cycle for Windows Server.

December 14, 2018

• User-selected snapshot storage locations are now available in Beta. The storage location of a snapshot affects the availability of the snapshot and networking costs. For more information, see Selecting the storage location for a snapshot.
• Snapshot creation might now incur networking charges. These charges will begin after this feature reaches General Availability (GA), and will depend upon the storage location of a snapshot and the location of the source disk. For more information, see Network charges for snapshot creation and restoration.

November 15, 2018

• Windows Service Activation using Private Google Access is Generally Available. Read the Private Google Access page to learn more.

November 13, 2018

• Detaching and reattaching boot disks from a stopped VM instance is now available in Beta. Use the gcloud or API command to detach a failed boot disk, fix it, then reattach it to a different VM instance. See Detaching and Reattaching Boot Disks for details.

November 08, 2018

• Memory-optimized machine types with up to 160 vCPUs and 3.75 TB of memory are now available in the southamerica-east1-a zone. See the pricing page to learn how these machine types are billed.

November 07, 2018

• Creating a VM Instance with a Custom Hostname is available in Beta.

October 24, 2018

• Viewing VM serial port output in Stackdriver is available in Beta. To help with troubleshooting, these logs can be retained for up to 30 days after a VM instance is deleted.

October 22, 2018

• The asia-east2 Hong Kong region is now available to all projects and users. The zones in the asia-east2 region have the Skylake CPU platform. See Regions and Zones for more information.

October 19, 2018

• Memory-optimized machine types with up to 160 vCPUs and 3.75 TB of memory are now available in the asia-southeast1-c, australia-southeast1-c, europe-west3-a, europe-west3-b and us-west2-b zones. See the pricing page to learn how these machine types are billed.

October 02, 2018

• Compute Engine now uses a resource based pricing model that provides greater savings from sustained use discounts. All machine types except for shared-core machine types are now billed by their individual vCPU and memory usage rather than billing by each machine type. Sustained use discounts are calculated for vCPU and memory usage across an entire region rather than separately for each machine type in each zone. See the Compute Engine Pricing page for details.

• Protect data on Compute Engine with Key Management Service encryption keys. Customer-Managed Encryption Keys are now generally available.

September 26, 2018

• NVIDIA® Tesla® P4 GPUs are now Generally Available. For information about using GPUs on Compute Engine, see GPUs on Compute Engine.

• For graphics-intensive workloads, NVIDIA® GRID®-based virtual workstations using NVIDIA® Tesla® P4 and P100 GPUs are now Generally Available. For information on GPUs for graphics-intensive applications, see GPUs for graphics workloads.

• NVIDIA® Tesla® v100 GPUs are now available in the us-central1-b and europe-west4-b zones. See GPUs on Compute Engine for a complete list of zones where GPUs are available.

• NVIDIA® Tesla® P4 GPUs are now available in the australia-southeast1-a, and australia-southeast1-b zones. See GPUs on Compute Engine for a complete list of zones where GPUs are available.

September 25, 2018

• Windows Server instances no longer require a public IP for Windows Service Activation. If your Windows Server instance uses a subnetwork that is enabled for Private Google Access, that instance can complete Windows Service Activation over its internal VPC network. Windows Service Activation using Private Google Access is available in Beta. Read the Private Google Access page to learn more.

September 20, 2018

• Deploying Docker Containers on Compute Engine is now Generally Available.

September 12, 2018

• Now in Beta, you can grant access to specific Compute resources, such as VM instances, disks, and images. This feature gives you flexibility to apply the principle of least privilege, for example, to grant collaborators permissions only to the specific resources that they need to do their work.

September 06, 2018

• Zonal DNS names are now Generally Available. Projects that enable the Compute Engine API after today will use zonal DNS names by default. Projects and organizations that enabled the Compute Engine API before today will continue to use global DNS names by default. Migrating a project to an organization will not change the default DNS name for the project. Zonal DNS names are unique to each zone on your internal VPC networks. Zonal DNS names improve the fault tolerance of your applications when they reference instances on your internal VPC network. New and existing projects can still use global DNS names, but migration is encouraged. Read Internal DNS to learn more.

September 4, 2018

• The simulateMaintenanceEvent API method is Generally Available. Read testing your availability policies to learn how to simulate a Compute Engine maintenance event and observe how the instance availability settings affect the behavior of your instances.

August 27, 2018

• NVIDIA® Tesla® V100 GPUs are now Generally Available. For information about using V100 GPUs on Compute Engine, see GPUs on Compute Engine.

August 17, 2018

• Zonal SSD persistent disks and regional SSD persistent disks now have increased read throughput and read input/output operations per second (IOPS). See Optimizing Persistent Disk and Local SSD Performance for more information.

August 8, 2018

• Sole-tenant nodes are now Generally Available. Read Sole-tenant Nodes to learn how you can use these systems to isolate your workloads from each other and from other Compute Engine projects.

August 3, 2018

• If you have graphics-intensive workloads, such as 3D rendering or video editing, you can create virtual workstations that use NVIDIA® GRID® technology, using NVIDIA® Tesla® P4 and P100 GPUs. For information on GPUs for graphics-intensive applications, see GPUs for graphics workloads.
• You can use organization policies to restrict use of your disks, custom images, and snapshots so that they can be used only within your organization or specific projects. This prevents users from creating copies of disks, outside of your organization. Read restricting use of your shared images, disks, and snapshots to learn more.

July 25, 2018

• Shielded VM is now available in Beta. Shielded VM images offer security features like UEFI-compliant firmware, Secure Boot, and vTPM-protected Measured Boot.

July 23, 2018

• The n1-megamem-* family of memory-optimized machine types with 1.4 TB of memory are now Generally Available to all projects. See the pricing page to learn how these machine types are billed.

July 19, 2018

• Selecting specific zones for regional managed instance groups is now Generally Available. See Distributing Instances using Regional Managed Instance Groups.

• Windows Server for Containers is now Generally Available as a public image.

July 18, 2018

• Memory-optimized machine types with up to 160 vCPUs and 3.75 TB of memory are now Generally Available. See the pricing page to learn how these machine types are billed.

July 17, 2018

• If you need high availability and redundancy for your Microsoft SQL Server on Compute Engine, you can configure an Always On Failover Cluster Instance (FCI) with Storage Spaces Direct (S2D).

July 11, 2018

• Virtual machine sizing recommendations are now Generally Available.

July 10, 2018

• Added new us-west2 Los Angeles region. us-west2 contains Skylake zones that are now available to all projects and users. See Regions and Zones for more information.

• If you try to create a new instance in this zone for a project that existed before this release date, you may receive the following error message: "No default subnetwork was found in the region of the instance." This issue will be resolved within three days of this launch. In the meantime, the workaround is to manually create a subnet and use it for a new VM.

• Creating an instance template from a VM instance is now Generally Available. This feature can be used for instance duplication, backup, and recreation.

July 2, 2018

• You can now add 2 and 4 NVIDIA® Tesla® V100 GPUs to your Compute Engine instances. For information about using GPUs on Compute Engine, see GPUs on Compute Engine.

June 22, 2018

• You can purchase committed use discounts for memory-optimized machine types. Memory-optimized machine types use their own commitment type with different pricing. You must request access to use committed use discounts for memory-optimized machine types. See the pricing page for pricing details about committed use discounts.

June 19, 2018

• The Compute Engine Trusted Images policy is now Generally Available. Use this policy to control which boot disk images your project members can access. Read Restricting Access to Images for more information.

June 11, 2018

• Added new europe-north1 region. europe-north1 contains Skylake zones that are now available to all projects and users. See Regions and Zones for more information.

• If you try to create a new instance in this zone for a project that existed before this release date, you may receive the following error message: "No default subnetwork was found in the region of the instance." This issue will be resolved within three days of this launch. In the meanwhile, the workaround is to manually create a subnet and use it for a new VM.

• The prices for GPUs on preemptible VM instances have reduced. For the updated prices, see the GPUs pricing page.

• GPUs on preemptible VM instances are now Generally Available.

  For information about using GPUs on Compute Engine, see GPUs on Compute Engine.

June 07, 2018

• You can create sole-tenant nodes, which are physical Compute Engine servers that are dedicated to hosting only VM instances from your specific project. Read Sole-tenant Nodes to learn how you can use these systems to isolate your workloads from each other and from other Compute Engine projects.

June 05, 2018

• Protect data on Compute Engine with Key Management Service encryption keys. Customer-Managed Encryption Keys are now available in beta.

May 28, 2018

NVIDIA® Tesla® V100 GPUs are now available in the following regions:

• us-west1-a
• us-central1-a
• asia-east1-c

For information about using V100 GPUs on Compute Engine, see GPUs on Compute Engine.

May 23, 2018

• Added support for regional persistent disks into Beta. This feature provides synchronous block-level replication across two zones in a region for each regional persistent disk.

May 16, 2018

• Instances with NVIDIA® Tesla® V100 GPUs can now use Local SSD devices. For information on using V100 GPUs on Compute Engine, see GPUs on Compute Engine.

May 08, 2018

• Memory-optimized machine types with up to 160 vCPUs and 3.75 TB of memory are now available in Beta. See the pricing page to learn how these machine types are billed.

May 07, 2018

• Added local SSD support to the europe-west4-a zone. See Regions and Zones for more information.

May 01, 2018

• Added a third zone to the asia-southeast1 region. This zone supports machine types with up to 96 vCPUs when using the Skylake platform. See Regions and Zones for more information.

April 30, 2018

• NVIDIA® Tesla® V100 GPUs are now available in Beta. For information on the zones where V100 GPUs are available, see GPUs on Compute Engine.

April 20, 2018

• NVIDIA® Tesla® P100 GPUs are now Generally Available. To learn about the zones where P100 GPUs are available, read GPUs on Compute Engine.

• Creating multiple secondary non-boot disks when you create your VM instance is now Generally Available.

April 19, 2018

• The price of SLES for SAP images is reduced. Read SUSE premium image pricing for details.

April 17, 2018

NVIDIA® Tesla® P100 GPUs are now available in the following zones:

• asia-east1-c
• europe-west4-a

To learn more about using GPUs on Compute Engine, see GPUs on Compute Engine.

April 11, 2018

• You can now run simulated maintenance events to test the effects of live migration, termination, and preemption on your instances. Simulated maintenance events are available in Beta. Read testing your availability policies to learn how to test maintenance events on your instances.

• Nested Virtualization is now Generally Available.

March 28, 2018

• You can import existing virtual disks (VMDKs, VHDs, etc) into Compute Engine as custom images. Importing virtual disks is now Generally Available.

March 23, 2018

• You can import a Windows Server 2003 server to Compute Engine using the CloudEndure migration service. For steps, see Migrating VMs to Compute Engine.

March 14, 2018

• Creating an image from a snapshot is now Generally Available. See the creating custom images page.

March 13, 2018

• Added a third zone to the europe-west4 region. This zone supports 96 vCPU high memory/high CPU machines. There is no support for local SSDs at this time. See Regions and Zones for more information. For regional managed instance group users, the addition of a third zone in europe-west4 offers you more flexibilty to specify zones in this region. Note that if you do not specify the zones for your instances, Compute Engine, by default, selects all three zones. See Distributing Instances using Regional Managed Instance Groups to learn more.

March 08, 2018

• Added support for PTR records on VM instances to General Availability. See Creating a PTR record for VM instances.

March 07, 2018

• You can import existing virtual disks (VMDKs, VHDs, etc) into Compute Engine as functioning images. Importing virtual disks is available in Beta.

March 02, 2018

• Mega-memory machine types with 1.4 TB of memory are now available in Beta. See the pricing page to learn how these machine types are billed.

February 22, 2018

• Creating multiple secondary non-boot disks when you create your VM instance is now available in Beta.

February 9, 2018

• 96 vCPU machine types are Generally Available. These machine types are now available in several additional zones only on the Skylake platform. Read the list of available regions and zones to see where 96 vCPU machine types are available.

February 1, 2018

• Added support for creating an instance template from a VM instance into Beta. This feature can be used for instance duplication, backup, and recreation.

January 31, 2018

• Compute Engine supports IAM Custom Roles. Read the IAM Custom Roles documentation to learn more. You can identify which permissions are required to run Compute Engine methods in both the V1 Compute Engine API reference and on the Compute Engine IAM Permissions page.

• You can configure autoscaling for groups of instances based on a wider range of metrics, which allow you to scale managed instance groups on per-group metrics rather than average resource utilization across all of the instances in a group. Autoscaling using per-group metrics is available in Beta.

• You can filter Stackdriver monitoring metrics when you use them to configure autoscaling for your managed instance groups. Filtering per-instance metrics is available in Beta.

January 24, 2018

• The OS Login API and key management feature is now Generally Available. You can associate your public SSH keys with your Google account or with individual member accounts in a G Suite organization or Cloud Identity organization. Read Managing Instance Access for more information.

January 22, 2018

• For NVIDIA® Tesla® K80 GPUs in the asia-east1-a and us-east1-d zones, you can create GPU instances with up to 416 GB of memory.

To learn more about the zones where GPUs are available, read GPUs on Compute Engine.

January 11, 2018

• VM Deletion Protection is now Generally Available.

January 10, 2018

• Added new europe-west4 region. europe-west4 contains Skylake zones that are now available to all projects and users. See Regions and Zones for more information.

• Added new northamerica-northeast1 Montréal region. northamerica-northeast1 contains Skylake zones that are now available to all projects and users. See Regions and Zones for more information.

January 8, 2018

• Zonal DNS names are available in Beta. Zonal DNS names are unique to each zone on your internal VPC networks. Global DNS names continue to resolve, but you can enable zonal DNS names to improve the fault tolerance of your applications when they reference instances on your internal VPC network. Read Zonal DNS to learn more.