Create buckets

This page shows you how to create Cloud Storage buckets. If not otherwise specified in your request, buckets are created in the US multi-region with a default storage class of Standard storage and have a seven-day soft delete retention duration.

Note: A bucket's name and geographic location are non-editable metadata. If you need to designate a specific name or geographic location, they must be specified at bucket creation.

Required roles

Note: The following content describes the required IAM roles and permissions for creating a bucket with basic settings. If you want to set up cross-bucket replication as part of creating your bucket, you need additional roles and permissions. Refer to Before you begin in the cross-bucket replication user guide for information on the roles and permissions required.

In order to get the required permissions for creating a Cloud Storage bucket, ask your administrator to grant you the Storage Admin (roles/storage.admin) IAM role for the project.

This predefined role contains the permission required to create a bucket. To see the exact permissions that are required, expand the Required permissions section:

Required permissions

• storage.buckets.create
• storage.buckets.enableObjectRetention (only required if enabling object retention configurations for the bucket)
• storage.buckets.list (only required if creating a bucket using the Google Cloud console)
• resourcemanager.projects.get (only required if creating a bucket using the Google Cloud console)

You might also be able to get these permissions with custom roles or other predefined roles. To see which roles are associated with which permissions, refer to IAM roles for Cloud Storage.

For instructions on granting roles for projects, see Manage access to projects.

Create a new bucket

If you are creating a bucket for the first time, see Discover object storage with the Google Cloud console or Discover object storage with the Google Cloud CLI tool.

To create buckets with specific settings or advanced configurations, complete the following steps:

Console

Note: When creating a bucket using the Google Cloud console, you are only required to set a globally unique name for your bucket; all other steps are either optional or have default settings.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud Storage Buckets page.
   

   Go to Buckets

2. Click Create.

3. On the Create a bucket page, enter your bucket information. After each of the following steps, click Continue to proceed to the next step:

   1. In the Get started section, do the following:

      • Enter a globally unique name that meets the bucket name requirements.

      • To enable hierarchical namespace, click the expander arrow to expand the Optimize for file oriented and data-intensive workloads section, and then select Enable Hierarchical namespace on this bucket.

        Note: You cannot enable hierarchical namespace in an existing bucket.

      • To add a bucket label, click the expander arrow to expand the Labels section, click Add label, and specify a key and a value for your label.

   2. In the Choose where to store your data section, do the following:

      1. Select a Location type.

      2. Use the location type's drop-down menu to select a Location where object data within your bucket will be permanently stored.

         • If you select the dual-region location type, you can also choose to enable turbo replication by using the relevant checkbox.

      3. To set up cross-bucket replication, expand the Set up cross-bucket replication section and follow the steps:

         Set up cross-bucket replication

         1. Select the checkbox next to Add cross-bucket replication via Storage Transfer Service.
         2. In the Destination bucket menu, select a destination bucket.

         3. In the Replication settings section, click Configure to configure settings for the replication job.

            The Configure cross-bucket replication pane appears.

            • To filter objects to replicate by object name prefix, enter a prefix with which you want to include or exclude objects, then click Add a prefix.
            • To set a storage class for the replicated objects, select a storage class from the Storage class menu. If you skip this step, the replicated objects will use the destination bucket's storage class by default.
            • Click Done.

   3. In the Choose a storage class for your data section, either select a default storage class for the bucket, or select Autoclass for automatic storage class management of your bucket's data.

   4. In the Choose how to control access to objects section, select whether or not your bucket enforces public access prevention, and select an access control model for your bucket's objects.

      Note: If public access prevention is already enforced by your project's organization policy, the Prevent public access checkbox is locked.

   5. In the Choose how to protect object data section, do the following:

      • Select any of the options under Data protection that you want to set for your bucket.

      • To choose how your object data will be encrypted, click the expander arrow labeled Data encryption, and select a Data encryption method.

4. Click Create.

To learn how to get detailed error information about failed Cloud Storage operations in the Google Cloud console, see Troubleshooting.

Command line

Note: Cloud Shell provisions a temporary virtual machine. If you want to upload objects to Cloud Storage or download objects from Cloud Storage, use a local development environment.

1. In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

   Activate Cloud Shell

   At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

2. In your development environment, run the gcloud storage buckets create command:

   gcloud storage buckets create gs://BUCKET_NAME --location=BUCKET_LOCATION

   Where:

   • BUCKET_NAME is the name you want to give your bucket, subject to naming requirement. For example, my-bucket.

   • BUCKET_LOCATION is the location of your bucket. For example, us-east1.

     Note: When creating a configurable dual-region, you must set the --location flag to be the location code associated with the underlying regions, and you must use the --placement flag with a valid pair of regions. For example, --location=ASIA --placement=ASIA-EAST1,ASIA-SOUTHEAST1

   If the request is successful, the command returns the following message:

   Creating gs://BUCKET_NAME/...

   Set the following flags to have greater control over the creation of your bucket:

   • --project: Specify the project ID or project number with which your bucket will be associated. For example, my-project.
   • --default-storage-class: Specify the default storage class of your bucket. For example, STANDARD.
   • --uniform-bucket-level-access: Enable uniform bucket-level access for your bucket.

   For example:

   gcloud storage buckets create gs://BUCKET_NAME --project=PROJECT_ID --default-storage-class=STORAGE_CLASS --location=BUCKET_LOCATION --uniform-bucket-level-access

   For a complete list of options for bucket creation use the gcloud CLI, see buckets create options.

Client libraries

Note: Other options for creating a new bucket can be found in the JSON API reference for bucket.insert

C++

For more information, see the Cloud Storage C++ API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Client client, std::string const& bucket_name,
   std::string const& storage_class, std::string const& location) {
  StatusOr<gcs::BucketMetadata> bucket_metadata =
      client.CreateBucket(bucket_name, gcs::BucketMetadata()
                                           .set_storage_class(storage_class)
                                           .set_location(location));
  if (!bucket_metadata) throw std::move(bucket_metadata).status();

  std::cout << "Bucket " << bucket_metadata->name() << " created."
            << "\nFull Metadata: " << *bucket_metadata << "\n";
}

C#

For more information, see the Cloud Storage C# API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

using Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data;
using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;

public class CreateRegionalBucketSample
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Creates a storage bucket with region.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="projectId">The ID of the project to create the buckets in.</param>
    /// <param name="location">The location of the bucket. Object data for objects in the bucket resides in 
    /// physical storage within this region. Defaults to US.</param>
    /// <param name="bucketName">The name of the bucket to create.</param>
    /// <param name="storageClass">The bucket's default storage class, used whenever no storageClass is specified
    /// for a newly-created object. This defines how objects in the bucket are stored
    /// and determines the SLA and the cost of storage. Values include MULTI_REGIONAL,
    /// REGIONAL, STANDARD, NEARLINE, COLDLINE, ARCHIVE, and DURABLE_REDUCED_AVAILABILITY.
    /// If this value is not specified when the bucket is created, it will default to
    /// STANDARD.</param>
    public Bucket CreateRegionalBucket(
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name",
        string location = "us-west1",
        string storageClass = "REGIONAL")
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        Bucket bucket = new Bucket
        {
            Location = location,
            Name = bucketName,
            StorageClass = storageClass
        };
        var newlyCreatedBucket = storage.CreateBucket(projectId, bucket);
        Console.WriteLine($"Created {bucketName}.");
        return newlyCreatedBucket;
    }
}

Go

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// createBucketClassLocation creates a new bucket in the project with Storage class and
// location.
func createBucketClassLocation(w io.Writer, projectID, bucketName string) error {
	// projectID := "my-project-id"
	// bucketName := "bucket-name"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*30)
	defer cancel()

	storageClassAndLocation := &storage.BucketAttrs{
		StorageClass: "COLDLINE",
		Location:     "asia",
	}
	bucket := client.Bucket(bucketName)
	if err := bucket.Create(ctx, projectID, storageClassAndLocation); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).Create: %w", bucketName, err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created bucket %v in %v with storage class %v\n", bucketName, storageClassAndLocation.Location, storageClassAndLocation.StorageClass)
	return nil
}

Java

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import com.google.cloud.storage.Bucket;
import com.google.cloud.storage.BucketInfo;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageClass;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;

public class CreateBucketWithStorageClassAndLocation {
  public static void createBucketWithStorageClassAndLocation(String projectId, String bucketName) {
    // The ID of your GCP project
    // String projectId = "your-project-id";

    // The ID to give your GCS bucket
    // String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();

    // See the StorageClass documentation for other valid storage classes:
    // https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/storage/StorageClass.html
    StorageClass storageClass = StorageClass.COLDLINE;

    // See this documentation for other valid locations:
    // http://g.co/cloud/storage/docs/bucket-locations#location-mr
    String location = "ASIA";

    Bucket bucket =
        storage.create(
            BucketInfo.newBuilder(bucketName)
                .setStorageClass(storageClass)
                .setLocation(location)
                .build());

    System.out.println(
        "Created bucket "
            + bucket.getName()
            + " in "
            + bucket.getLocation()
            + " with storage class "
            + bucket.getStorageClass());
  }
}

Node.js

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Node.js API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The ID of your GCS bucket
// const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name';

// The name of a storage class
// See the StorageClass documentation for other valid storage classes:
// https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/storage/StorageClass.html
// const storageClass = 'coldline';

// The name of a location
// See this documentation for other valid locations:
// http://g.co/cloud/storage/docs/locations#location-mr
// const location = 'ASIA';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
// The bucket in the sample below will be created in the project associated with this client.
// For more information, please see https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production or https://googleapis.dev/nodejs/storage/latest/Storage.html
const storage = new Storage();

async function createBucketWithStorageClassAndLocation() {
  // For default values see: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/locations and
  // https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/storage-classes
  const [bucket] = await storage.createBucket(bucketName, {
    location,
    [storageClass]: true,
  });

  console.log(
    `${bucket.name} created with ${storageClass} class in ${location}`
  );
}

createBucketWithStorageClassAndLocation().catch(console.error);

PHP

For more information, see the Cloud Storage PHP API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Create a new bucket with a custom default storage class and location.
 *
 * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket.
 *        (e.g. 'my-bucket')
 */
function create_bucket_class_location(string $bucketName): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    $storageClass = 'COLDLINE';
    $location = 'ASIA';
    $bucket = $storage->createBucket($bucketName, [
        'storageClass' => $storageClass,
        'location' => $location,
    ]);

    $objects = $bucket->objects([
        'encryption' => [
            'defaultKmsKeyName' => null,
        ]
    ]);

    printf('Created bucket %s in %s with storage class %s', $bucketName, $storageClass, $location);
}

Python

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

from google.cloud import storage


def create_bucket_class_location(bucket_name):
    """
    Create a new bucket in the US region with the coldline storage
    class
    """
    # bucket_name = "your-new-bucket-name"

    storage_client = storage.Client()

    bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name)
    bucket.storage_class = "COLDLINE"
    new_bucket = storage_client.create_bucket(bucket, location="us")

    print(
        "Created bucket {} in {} with storage class {}".format(
            new_bucket.name, new_bucket.location, new_bucket.storage_class
        )
    )
    return new_bucket

Ruby

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Ruby API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

def create_bucket_class_location bucket_name:
  # The ID to give your GCS bucket
  # bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name"

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new
  bucket  = storage.create_bucket bucket_name,
                                  location:      "ASIA",
                                  storage_class: "COLDLINE"

  puts "Created bucket #{bucket.name} in #{bucket.location} with #{bucket.storage_class} class"
end

Terraform

You can use a Terraform resource to create a storage bucket.

# Create new storage bucket in the US multi-region
# with coldline storage
resource "random_id" "bucket_prefix" {
  byte_length = 8
}

resource "google_storage_bucket" "static" {
  name          = "${random_id.bucket_prefix.hex}-new-bucket"
  location      = "US"
  storage_class = "COLDLINE"

  uniform_bucket_level_access = true
}

REST APIs

JSON API

1. Have gcloud CLI installed and initialized, which lets you generate an access token for the Authorization header.

2. Create a JSON file that contains the settings for the bucket, which must include a name for the bucket. See the Buckets:Insert documentation for a complete list of settings. The following are common settings to include:

   {
     "name": "BUCKET_NAME",
     "location": "BUCKET_LOCATION",
     "storageClass": "STORAGE_CLASS",
     "iamConfiguration": {
       "uniformBucketLevelAccess": {
         "enabled": true
       },
     }
   }

   Where:

   • BUCKET_NAME is the name you want to give your bucket, subject to naming requirements. For example, my-bucket.

   • BUCKET_LOCATION is the location where you want to store your bucket's object data. For example, US-EAST1.

     Note: When creating a configurable dual-region, you must set the location parameter to be the location code associated with the underlying regions, and you must also include a customPlacementConfig parameter.

   • STORAGE_CLASS is the default storage class of your bucket. For example, STANDARD.

3. Use cURL to call the JSON API:

   curl -X POST --data-binary @JSON_FILE_NAME \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    "https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b?project=PROJECT_IDENTIFIER"

   Where:

   • JSON_FILE_NAME is name of the JSON file you created in Step 2.
   • PROJECT_IDENTIFIER is the ID or number of the project with which your bucket will be associated. For example, my-project.

XML API

1. Have gcloud CLI installed and initialized, which lets you generate an access token for the Authorization header.

2. Create an XML file that contains settings for the bucket. See the XML: Create a bucket documentation for a complete list of settings. The following are common settings to include:

   <CreateBucketConfiguration>
     <StorageClass>STORAGE_CLASS</StorageClass>
     <LocationConstraint>BUCKET_LOCATION</LocationConstraint>
   </CreateBucketConfiguration>

   Where:

   • STORAGE_CLASS is the default storage class of your bucket. For example, STANDARD.

   • BUCKET_LOCATION is the location where you want to store your bucket's object data. For example, US-EAST1.

     Note: When creating a configurable dual-region, you must set the <LocationConstraint> element to be the location code associated with the underlying regions, and you must also include a <CustomPlacementConfig> element.

3. Use cURL to call the XML API:

   curl -X PUT --data-binary @XML_FILE_NAME \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "x-goog-project-id: PROJECT_ID" \
     "https://storage.googleapis.com/BUCKET_NAME"

   Where:

   • XML_FILE_NAME is name of the XML file you created in Step 2.
   • PROJECT_ID is the ID of the project with which your bucket will be associated. For example, my-project.
   • BUCKET_NAME is the name you want to give your bucket, subject to naming requirements. For example, my-bucket.

   If the request was successful, a response is not returned.

What's next

• List buckets in a project.
• Learn about the metadata associated with a bucket.
• Move or rename a bucket.
• Delete a bucket.
• Upload an object to your bucket.
• Create and configure buckets declaratively with the Kubernetes Config Connector, which lets you describe Google Cloud resources using Kubernetes tooling, APIs, and configurations. For more information, see the Config Connector API documentation.

Try it for yourself

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