更改对象存储类别

本页面介绍了如何通过重写对象来更改存储桶中对象的存储类别。

• 如需了解如何在不重写对象的情况下更改对象存储类别，请参阅对象生命周期管理功能。
• 如需了解 Cloud Storage 如何自动管理对象的存储类别，请参阅自动类功能。

所需的角色

如需获得通过重写对象来更改对象存储类别所需的权限，请让您的管理员为您授予存储桶的 Storage Object User (roles/storage.objectUser) 角色。

此角色可提供更改对象存储类别所需的权限。如需查看所需的确切权限，请展开所需权限部分：

所需权限

• storage.objects.create
• storage.objects.delete
• storage.objects.get
• storage.objects.list

您也可以使用其他预定义角色或自定义角色来获取这些权限。

如需了解如何授予存储桶的角色，请参阅将 IAM 与存储桶搭配使用。

更改对象的存储类别

如需更改对象的存储类别，请完成以下步骤：

控制台

无法通过 Google Cloud 控制台设置各个对象存储类别。请改用 Google Cloud CLI。

命令行

将 gcloud storage objects update 命令与 --storage-class 标志结合使用。例如：

gcloud storage objects update gs://BUCKET_NAME/OBJECT_NAME --storage-class=STORAGE_CLASS

其中：

• BUCKET_NAME 是包含您要更改其类别的对象的存储桶的名称。例如 my-bucket。
• OBJECT_NAME 是您想要更改其类别的对象的名称，例如 pets/dog.png。
• STORAGE_CLASS 是对象的新存储类别，例如 nearline。

客户端库

C++

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C++ API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Client client, std::string const& bucket_name,
   std::string const& object_name, std::string const& storage_class) {
  StatusOr<gcs::ObjectMetadata> object_metadata =
      client.RewriteObjectBlocking(
          bucket_name, object_name, bucket_name, object_name,
          gcs::WithObjectMetadata(
              gcs::ObjectMetadata().set_storage_class(storage_class)));
  if (!object_metadata) throw std::move(object_metadata).status();

  std::cout << "Changed storage class of object " << object_metadata->name()
            << " in bucket " << object_metadata->bucket() << " to "
            << object_metadata->storage_class() << "\n";
}

C#

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C# API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;

public class ChangeFileStorageClassSample
{
    public Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data.Object ChangeFileStorageClass(
        string bucketName = "your-bucket-name",
        string objectName = "your-object-name",
        string storageClass = StorageClasses.Standard)
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();

        // Changing storage class requires a rewrite operation, which can only be done
        // by the underlying service
        var obj = new Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data.Object { StorageClass = storageClass };
        storage.Service.Objects.Rewrite(obj, bucketName, objectName, bucketName, objectName).Execute();

        var file = storage.GetObject(bucketName, objectName);
        Console.WriteLine($"Object {objectName} in bucket {bucketName} had" +
            $" its storage class set to {storageClass}.");

        return file;
    }
}

Go

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// changeObjectStorageClass changes the storage class of a single object.
func changeObjectStorageClass(w io.Writer, bucket, object string) error {
	// bucket := "bucket-name"
	// object := "object-name"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10)
	defer cancel()

	o := client.Bucket(bucket).Object(object)

	// Optional: set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race
	// conditions and data corruptions. The request to copy is aborted if the
	// object's generation number does not match your precondition.
	attrs, err := o.Attrs(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("object.Attrs: %w", err)
	}
	o = o.If(storage.Conditions{GenerationMatch: attrs.Generation})

	// See the StorageClass documentation for other valid storage classes:
	// https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/storage-classes
	newStorageClass := "COLDLINE"
	// You can't change an object's storage class directly, the only way is
	// to rewrite the object with the desired storage class.
	copier := o.CopierFrom(o)
	copier.StorageClass = newStorageClass
	if _, err := copier.Run(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("copier.Run: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Object %v in bucket %v had its storage class set to %v\n", object, bucket, newStorageClass)
	return nil
}

Java

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

import com.google.cloud.storage.Blob;
import com.google.cloud.storage.BlobId;
import com.google.cloud.storage.BlobInfo;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageClass;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;

public class ChangeObjectStorageClass {
  public static void changeObjectStorageClass(
      String projectId, String bucketName, String objectName) {
    // The ID of your GCP project
    // String projectId = "your-project-id";

    // The ID of your GCS bucket
    // String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name";

    // The ID of your GCS object
    // String objectName = "your-object-name";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();
    BlobId blobId = BlobId.of(bucketName, objectName);
    Blob sourceBlob = storage.get(blobId);
    if (sourceBlob == null) {
      System.out.println("The object " + objectName + " wasn't found in " + bucketName);
      return;
    }

    // See the StorageClass documentation for other valid storage classes:
    // https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/storage/StorageClass.html
    StorageClass storageClass = StorageClass.COLDLINE;

    // You can't change an object's storage class directly, the only way is to rewrite the object
    // with the desired storage class

    BlobInfo targetBlob = BlobInfo.newBuilder(blobId).setStorageClass(storageClass).build();

    // Optional: set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race
    // conditions and data corruptions. The request to upload returns a 412 error if
    // the object's generation number does not match your precondition.
    Storage.BlobSourceOption precondition =
        Storage.BlobSourceOption.generationMatch(sourceBlob.getGeneration());

    Storage.CopyRequest request =
        Storage.CopyRequest.newBuilder()
            .setSource(blobId)
            .setSourceOptions(precondition) // delete this line to run without preconditions
            .setTarget(targetBlob)
            .build();
    Blob updatedBlob = storage.copy(request).getResult();

    System.out.println(
        "Object "
            + objectName
            + " in bucket "
            + bucketName
            + " had its storage class set to "
            + updatedBlob.getStorageClass().name());
  }
}

Node.js

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The ID of your GCS bucket
// const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name';

// The ID of your GCS file
// const fileName = 'your-file-name';

// The name of a storage class
// See the StorageClass documentation for other valid storage classes:
// https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/storage/StorageClass.html
// const storageClass = 'coldline';

async function fileChangeStorageClass() {
  // Optional:
  // Set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race conditions
  // and data corruptions. The request to copy is aborted if the object's
  // generation number does not match your precondition. For a destination
  // object that does not yet exist, set the ifGenerationMatch precondition to 0
  // If the destination object already exists in your bucket, set instead a
  // generation-match precondition using its generation number.
  const setStorageClassOptions = {
    ifGenerationMatch: generationMatchPrecondition,
  };

  await storage
    .bucket(bucketName)
    .file(fileName)
    .setStorageClass(storageClass, setStorageClassOptions);

  console.log(`${fileName} has been set to ${storageClass}`);
}

fileChangeStorageClass().catch(console.error);

PHP

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage PHP API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Change the storage class of the given file.
 *
 * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket.
 *        (e.g. 'my-bucket')
 * @param string $objectName The name of your Cloud Storage object.
 *        (e.g. 'my-object')
 * @param string $storageClass The storage class of the new object.
 *        (e.g. 'COLDLINE')
 */
function change_file_storage_class(string $bucketName, string $objectName, string $storageClass): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    $bucket = $storage->bucket($bucketName);
    $object = $bucket->object($objectName);

    // Storage class cannot be changed directly. But we can rewrite the object
    // using the new storage class.

    $newObject = $object->rewrite($bucket, [
        'storageClass' => $storageClass,
    ]);

    printf(
        'Object %s in bucket %s had its storage class set to %s',
        $objectName,
        $bucketName,
        $newObject->info()['storageClass']
    );
}

Python

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

from google.cloud import storage


def change_file_storage_class(bucket_name, blob_name):
    """Change the default storage class of the blob"""
    # bucket_name = "your-bucket-name"
    # blob_name = "your-object-name"

    storage_client = storage.Client()

    bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name)
    blob = bucket.blob(blob_name)
    generation_match_precondition = None

    # Optional: set a generation-match precondition to avoid potential race
    # conditions and data corruptions. The request is aborted if the
    # object's generation number does not match your precondition.
    blob.reload()  # Fetch blob metadata to use in generation_match_precondition.
    generation_match_precondition = blob.generation

    blob.update_storage_class("NEARLINE", if_generation_match=generation_match_precondition)

    print(
        "Blob {} in bucket {} had its storage class set to {}".format(
            blob_name,
            bucket_name,
            blob.storage_class
        )
    )
    return blob

Ruby

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

def change_file_storage_class bucket_name:, file_name:
  # The ID of your GCS bucket
  # bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name"

  # The ID of your GCS object
  # file_name = "your-file-name"

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new
  bucket = storage.bucket bucket_name, skip_lookup: true

  file = bucket.file file_name

  file.storage_class = "NEARLINE"

  puts "File #{file_name} in bucket #{bucket_name} had its storage class set to #{file.storage_class}"
end

REST API

JSON API

注意：要从原始对象中保留的 ACL 必须包含在请求正文提供的对象资源中。

1. 安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

2. 创建一个包含以下信息的 JSON 文件：

   {
     "storageClass": "STORAGE_CLASS"
   }

   其中：

   • STORAGE_CLASS 是对象的新 存储类别。例如 nearline。

3. 使用 cURL，通过 POST Object 请求调用 JSON API：

   curl -X POST --data-binary @JSON_FILE_NAME \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     "https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b/BUCKET_NAME/o/OBJECT_NAME/rewriteTo/b/BUCKET_NAME/o/OBJECT_NAME"

   其中：

   • JSON_FILE_NAME 是您在第 2 步中创建的 JSON 文件的路径。
   • BUCKET_NAME 是包含原始对象的存储桶的名称。例如 my-bucket。
   • OBJECT_NAME 是对象的网址编码名称。例如，pets/dog.png 的网址编码为 pets%2Fdog.png。

XML API

注意：要从原始对象中保留的元数据（例如自定义元数据）必须包含在请求提供的标头中。此外，在上传对象后，如果对象的任何 ACL 与包含对象的存储桶的默认对象 ACL 不同，则您必须重新应用对象的这些 ACL。

1. 安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

2. 使用 cURL，通过 PUT Object 请求调用 XML API：

   curl -X PUT --data-binary @OBJECT \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: OBJECT_CONTENT_TYPE" \
     -H "x-goog-storage-class: STORAGE_CLASS" \
     "https://storage.googleapis.com/BUCKET_NAME/OBJECT_NAME"

   其中：

   • OBJECT 是您想要更改其存储类别的对象的本地路径（使用 XML API 更改存储类别时，您必须重新上传对象），例如 Desktop/dog.png。
   • OBJECT_CONTENT_TYPE 是该对象的内容类型，例如 image/png。
   • STORAGE_CLASS 是对象的新存储类别，例如 nearline。
   • BUCKET_NAME 是包含要重写的对象的存储桶的名称，例如 my-bucket。
   • OBJECT_NAME 是要重写的对象的网址编码名称。例如，pets/dog.png 的网址编码为 pets%2Fdog.png。

注意：本指南涉及重写数据（这是 A 类操作），可能会产生额外费用，具体取决于数据的存在时间、位置和存储类别。如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage 价格。另请注意，如果您为存储桶启用了对象版本控制，则原始对象会保留在存储桶中，直到它被明确删除为止。

后续步骤

• 了解可用的存储类别。
• 使用对象生命周期管理更改对象存储类。
• 了解其他 Cloud Storage 数据生命周期功能。
• 了解对象元数据。
• 了解如何使用请求前提条件来防止出现竞争条件。