Transcribe audio files with the ML.TRANSCRIBE function

This document describes how to use the ML.TRANSCRIBE function with a remote model to transcribe audio files from an object table.

Supported locations

You must create the remote model used in this procedure in one of the following locations:

• asia-northeast1
• asia-south1
• asia-southeast1
• australia-southeast1
• eu
• europe-west1
• europe-west2
• europe-west3
• europe-west4
• northamerica-northeast1
• us
• us-central1
• us-east1
• us-east4
• us-west1

You must run the ML.TRANSCRIBE function in the same region as the remote model.

Required permissions

• To work with a Speech-to-Text recognizer, you need the following roles:

  • speech.recognizers.create
  • speech.recognizers.get
  • speech.recognizers.recognize
  • speech.recognizers.update

• To create a connection, you need membership in the following role:

  • roles/bigquery.connectionAdmin

• To create the model using BigQuery ML, you need the following permissions:

  • bigquery.jobs.create
  • bigquery.models.create
  • bigquery.models.getData
  • bigquery.models.updateData
  • bigquery.models.updateMetadata

• To run inference, you need the following permissions:

  • bigquery.tables.getData on the object table
  • bigquery.models.getData on the model
  • bigquery.jobs.create

Before you begin

1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

4. Enable the BigQuery, BigQuery Connection API, and Speech-to-Text APIs.

   Enable the APIs

5. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

6. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

7. Enable the BigQuery, BigQuery Connection API, and Speech-to-Text APIs.

   Enable the APIs

Create a recognizer

Speech-to-Text supports resources called recognizers. Recognizers represent stored and reusable recognition configurations. You can create a recognizer to logically group together transcriptions or traffic for your application.

Creating a speech recognizer is optional. If you choose to create a speech recognizer, note the project ID, location, and recognizer ID of the recognizer for use in the CREATE MODEL statement, as described in SPEECH_RECOGNIZER. If you choose not to create a speech recognizer, you must specify a value for the recognition_config argument of the ML.TRANSCRIBE function.

You can only use the chirp transcription model in the speech recognizer or recognition_config value that you provide.

Create a connection

Create a cloud resource connection and get the connection's service account.

Select one of the following options:

Console

1. Go to the BigQuery page.

   Go to BigQuery

2. To create a connection, click Add, and then click Connections to external data sources.

3. In the Connection type list, select Vertex AI remote models, remote functions and BigLake (Cloud Resource).

4. In the Connection ID field, enter a name for your connection.

5. Click Create connection.

6. Click Go to connection.

7. In the Connection info pane, copy the service account ID for use in a later step.

bq

1. In a command-line environment, create a connection:

   bq mk --connection --location=REGION --project_id=PROJECT_ID \
       --connection_type=CLOUD_RESOURCE CONNECTION_ID
   

   The --project_id parameter overrides the default project.

   Replace the following:

   • REGION: your connection region
   • PROJECT_ID: your Google Cloud project ID
   • CONNECTION_ID: an ID for your connection

   When you create a connection resource, BigQuery creates a unique system service account and associates it with the connection.

   Troubleshooting: If you get the following connection error, update the Google Cloud SDK:

   Flags parsing error: flag --connection_type=CLOUD_RESOURCE: value should be one of...
   

2. Retrieve and copy the service account ID for use in a later step:

   bq show --connection PROJECT_ID.REGION.CONNECTION_ID
   

   The output is similar to the following:

   name                          properties
   1234.REGION.CONNECTION_ID     {"serviceAccountId": "[e-mail]"}
   

Terraform

Use the google_bigquery_connection resource.

Note: To create BigQuery objects using Terraform, you must enable the Cloud Resource Manager API.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

The following example creates a Cloud resource connection named my_cloud_resource_connection in the US region:

# This queries the provider for project information.
data "google_project" "default" {}

# This creates a cloud resource connection in the US region named my_cloud_resource_connection.
# Note: The cloud resource nested object has only one output field - serviceAccountId.
resource "google_bigquery_connection" "default" {
  connection_id = "my_cloud_resource_connection"
  project       = data.google_project.default.project_id
  location      = "US"
  cloud_resource {}
}

To apply your Terraform configuration in a Google Cloud project, complete the steps in the following sections.

Prepare Cloud Shell

1. Launch Cloud Shell.

2. Set the default Google Cloud project where you want to apply your Terraform configurations.

   You only need to run this command once per project, and you can run it in any directory.

   export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=PROJECT_ID

   Environment variables are overridden if you set explicit values in the Terraform configuration file.

Prepare the directory

Each Terraform configuration file must have its own directory (also called a root module).

1. In Cloud Shell, create a directory and a new file within that directory. The filename must have the .tf extension—for example main.tf. In this tutorial, the file is referred to as main.tf.

   mkdir DIRECTORY && cd DIRECTORY && touch main.tf

2. If you are following a tutorial, you can copy the sample code in each section or step.

   Copy the sample code into the newly created main.tf.

   Optionally, copy the code from GitHub. This is recommended when the Terraform snippet is part of an end-to-end solution.

3. Review and modify the sample parameters to apply to your environment.
4. Save your changes.
5. Initialize Terraform. You only need to do this once per directory.

   terraform init

   Optionally, to use the latest Google provider version, include the -upgrade option:

   terraform init -upgrade

Apply the changes

1. Review the configuration and verify that the resources that Terraform is going to create or update match your expectations:

   terraform plan

   Make corrections to the configuration as necessary.

2. Apply the Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:

   terraform apply

   Wait until Terraform displays the "Apply complete!" message.

3. Open your Google Cloud project to view the results. In the Google Cloud console, navigate to your resources in the UI to make sure that Terraform has created or updated them.

Note: Terraform samples typically assume that the required APIs are enabled in your Google Cloud project.

Grant access to the service account

Select one of the following options:

Console

1. Go to the IAM & Admin page.

   Go to IAM & Admin

2. Click Grant Access.

   The Add principals dialog opens.

3. In the New principals field, enter the service account ID that you copied earlier.

4. Click the Select a role field and then type Cloud Speech Client in Filter.

5. Click Add another role.

6. In the Select a role field, select Cloud Storage, and then select Storage Object Viewer.

7. Click Save.

gcloud

Use the gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding command:

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding 'PROJECT_NUMBER' --member='serviceAccount:MEMBER' --role='roles/speech.client' --condition=None
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding 'PROJECT_NUMBER' --member='serviceAccount:MEMBER' --role='roles/storage.objectViewer' --condition=None

Replace the following:

• PROJECT_NUMBER: your project number.
• MEMBER: the service account ID that you copied earlier.

Failure to grant the permission results in a Permission denied error.

Note: If you create the recognizer in a different project than the Cloud Storage bucket used by the object table, grant the service account Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles as follows:

• Grant the service account the Cloud Speech Client role in the project that contains the recognizer.
• Grant the service account the Storage Object Viewer role in the project that contains the Cloud Storage bucket.
• Grant the Speech-to-Text service agent ([e-mail]) the Storage Object Viewer role in the project that contains the Cloud Storage bucket.

Create a dataset

Create a dataset to contain the model and the object table.

Create an object table

Create an object table over a set of audio files in Cloud Storage. The audio files in the object table must be of a supported type.

The Cloud Storage bucket used by the object table should be in the same project where you plan to create the model and call the ML.TRANSCRIBE function. If you want to call the ML.TRANSCRIBE function in a different project than the one that contains the Cloud Storage bucket used by the object table, you must grant the Storage Admin role at the bucket level to the [e-mail] service account.

Create a model

Create a remote model with a REMOTE_SERVICE_TYPE of CLOUD_AI_SPEECH_TO_TEXT_V2:

CREATE OR REPLACE MODEL
`PROJECT_ID.DATASET_ID.MODEL_NAME`
REMOTE WITH CONNECTION `PROJECT_ID.REGION.CONNECTION_ID`
OPTIONS (
  REMOTE_SERVICE_TYPE = 'CLOUD_AI_SPEECH_TO_TEXT_V2',
  SPEECH_RECOGNIZER = 'projects/PROJECT_NUMBER/locations/LOCATION/recognizers/RECOGNIZER_ID'
);

Replace the following:

• PROJECT_ID: your project ID.
• DATASET_ID: the ID of the dataset to contain the model.
• MODEL_NAME: the name of the model.
• REGION: the region used by the connection.
• CONNECTION_ID: the connection ID—for example, myconnection.

  When you view the connection details in the Google Cloud console, the connection ID is the value in the last section of the fully qualified connection ID that is shown in Connection ID—for example projects/myproject/locations/connection_location/connections/myconnection.

• PROJECT_NUMBER: the project number of the project that contains the speech recognizer. You can find this value on the Project info card in the Dashboard page of the Google Cloud console.
• LOCATION: the location used by the speech recognizer. You can find this value in the Location field on the List recognizers page of the Google Cloud console.
• RECOGNIZER_ID: the speech recognizer ID. You can find this value in the ID field on the List recognizers page of the Google Cloud console.

  This option isn't required. If you don't specify a value for it, a default recognizer is used. In that case, you must specify a value for the recognition_config parameter of the ML.TRANSCRIBE function in order to provide a configuration for the default recognizer.

  You can only use the chirp transcription model in the recognition_config value that you provide.

Important: You must specify the project ID for the connection even if the connection is in the default project.

Transcribe audio files

Transcribe audio files with the ML.TRANSCRIBE function:

SELECT *
FROM ML.TRANSCRIBE(
  MODEL `PROJECT_ID.DATASET_ID.MODEL_NAME`,
  TABLE `PROJECT_ID.DATASET_ID.OBJECT_TABLE_NAME`,
  RECOGNITION_CONFIG => ( JSON 'recognition_config')
);

Replace the following:

• PROJECT_ID: your project ID.
• DATASET_ID: the ID of the dataset that contains the model.
• MODEL_NAME: the name of the model.
• OBJECT_TABLE_NAME: the name of the object table that contains the URIs of the audio files to process.
• recognition_config: a RecognitionConfig resource in JSON format.

  If a recognizer has been specified for the remote model by using the SPEECH_RECOGNIZER option, you can't specify a recognition_config value.

  If no recognizer has been specified for the remote model by using the SPEECH_RECOGNIZER option, you must specify a recognition_config value. This value is used to provide a configuration for the default recognizer.

  You can only use the chirp transcription model in the recognition_config value that you provide.

Examples

Example 1

The following example transcribes the audio files represented by the audio table without overriding the recognizer's default configuration:

SELECT *
FROM ML.TRANSCRIBE(
  MODEL `myproject.mydataset.transcribe_model`,
  TABLE `myproject.mydataset.audio`
);

The following example transcribes the audio files represented by the audio table and provides a configuration for the default recognizer:

SELECT *
FROM ML.TRANSCRIBE(
  MODEL `myproject.mydataset.transcribe_model`,
  TABLE `myproject.mydataset.audio`,
  recognition_config => ( JSON '{"language_codes": ["en-US" ],"model": "chirp","auto_decoding_config": {}}')
);

What's next

• For information about model inference in BigQuery ML, see Model inference overview.
• For information about the supported SQL statements and functions for each model type, see End-to-end user journey for each model.