本页面介绍了如何在 Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) Autopilot 集群中运行的 Pod 中公开随机端口。
在 Pod 中公开端口可让 Pod 直接接受传入的连接,而无需负载均衡器。GKE 会从您在 Pod 规范中指定的范围中选择一个随机端口打开。如果您的工作负载需要直接传入连接但不依赖于永久性端口号,此类随机端口公开就非常有用。此类工作负载的一个示例是采用默认 Dynamic 端口政策的 Agones GameServer 资源。
[[["易于理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["解决了我的问题","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["很难理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["信息或示例代码不正确","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["没有我需要的信息/示例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻译问题","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最后更新时间 (UTC):2025-08-08。"],[],[],null,["# Allow direct connections to Autopilot Pods using hostPort\n\n[Autopilot](/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/autopilot-overview)\n\n*** ** * ** ***\n\nThis page shows you how to expose a random port in a Pod running in a\nGoogle Kubernetes Engine (GKE) Autopilot cluster.\n\nExposing a port in a Pod lets the Pod accept incoming connections directly,\nwithout a load balancer. GKE chooses a random port to open\nfrom a range that you specify in the Pod specification. This type of random\nport exposure is useful when your workload requires direct incoming connections\nbut doesn't rely on a persistent port number. An example of this type of workload is an [Agones GameServer resource](https://agones.dev/site/docs/reference/gameserver/) with the\ndefault `Dynamic` port policy.\n\nWhen you request a random port, GKE overrides the value in the\n`hostPort` field in the container specification to the port that\nGKE selected for you.\n\nBefore you begin\n----------------\n\nBefore you start, make sure that you have performed the following tasks:\n\n- Enable the Google Kubernetes Engine API.\n[Enable Google Kubernetes Engine API](https://console.cloud.google.com/flows/enableapi?apiid=container.googleapis.com)\n- If you want to use the Google Cloud CLI for this task, [install](/sdk/docs/install) and then [initialize](/sdk/docs/initializing) the gcloud CLI. If you previously installed the gcloud CLI, get the latest version by running `gcloud components update`. **Note:** For existing gcloud CLI installations, make sure to set the `compute/region` [property](/sdk/docs/properties#setting_properties). If you use primarily zonal clusters, set the `compute/zone` instead. By setting a default location, you can avoid errors in the gcloud CLI like the following: `One of [--zone, --region] must be supplied: Please specify location`. You might need to specify the location in certain commands if the location of your cluster differs from the default that you set.\n\n\u003c!-- --\u003e\n\n- Ensure that you have a [GKE Autopilot cluster](/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/creating-an-autopilot-cluster) running version 1.24.7-gke.1200 and later or 1.25.3-gke.1100 and later.\n\n### Limitations\n\nYou can only assign random hostPorts for static Pods or for Pods that are\nmanaged by a custom controller, such as Agones. This functionality isn't\nsupported on\n[Kubernetes managed controllers](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/)\nsuch as Deployments.\n\nRequest a random port\n---------------------\n\n1. Save the following manifest as `host-port-pod.yaml`:\n\n apiVersion: v1\n kind: Pod\n metadata:\n name: game-pod\n annotations:\n autopilot.gke.io/host-port-assignment: '{\"min\":\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMIN_PORT\u003c/var\u003e,\"max\":\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMAX_PORT\u003c/var\u003e}'\n spec:\n containers:\n - name: local-chat\n image: ubuntu\n ports:\n - containerPort: 80\n hostPort: \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"devsite-syntax-l devsite-syntax-l-Scalar devsite-syntax-l-Scalar-Plain\"\u003eHOST_PORT1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/var\u003e\n protocol: tcp\n - name: game-server\n image: ubuntu\n ports:\n - containerPort: 80\n hostPort: \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"devsite-syntax-l devsite-syntax-l-Scalar devsite-syntax-l-Scalar-Plain\"\u003eHOST_PORT2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/var\u003e\n protocol: udp\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMIN_PORT\u003c/var\u003e: the minimum port number for the range from which GKE chooses a random port.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMAX_PORT\u003c/var\u003e: the maximum port number for the range from which GKE chooses a random port.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eHOST_PORT1\u003c/var\u003e`, `\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eHOST_PORT2\u003c/var\u003e: any valid port number. When the Pod is scheduled, GKE updates this field with the randomly assigned port. If you have multiple containers, use different port numbers for each container.\n\n The port range (the difference between \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMAX_PORT\u003c/var\u003e\n and \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eMIN_PORT\u003c/var\u003e) must be at least 1000 ports.\n2. Apply the manifest:\n\n kubectl apply -f host-port-pod.yaml\n\nWhen you apply the manifest, GKE selects a random port from your\nrange and assigns the port to your container. If GKE assigns the\nsame port value to two Pods, GKE automatically places the Pods\non separate nodes to avoid port conflict.\n\nCheck the assigned port\n-----------------------\n\nTo find the port number that GKE assigned to your containers,\ninspect the Pod: \n\n kubectl get pod game-pod --output=yaml\n\nThe output is similar to the following: \n\n apiVersion: v1\n kind: Pod\n metadata:\n annotations:\n autopilot.gke.io/host-port-assignment: '{\"min\":\u003cvar scope=\"MIN_PORT\" translate=\"no\"\u003eMIN_PORT\u003c/var\u003e,\"max\":\u003cvar scope=\"MAX_PORT\" translate=\"no\"\u003eMAX_PORT\u003c/var\u003e,\"portsAssigned\":{\"\u003cvar scope=\"HOST_PORT1\" translate=\"no\"\u003eHOST_PORT1\u003c/var\u003e\":7300,\"\u003cvar scope=\"HOST_PORT2\" translate=\"no\"\u003eHOST_PORT2\u003c/var\u003e\":7450}}'\n name: game-pod\n namespace: default\n spec:\n containers:\n - name: local-chat\n image: ubuntu\n imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent\n ports:\n - containerPort: 80\n hostPort: 7300\n protocol: TCP\n - name: game-server\n image: ubuntu\n imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent\n ports:\n - containerPort: 80\n hostPort: 7450\n protocol: UDP\n\nIn this output:\n\n- `metadata.annotations.autopilot.gke.io/host-port-assignment`: the port assignments, showing the original value for `hostPort` that you set for each container and the updated value for `hostPort` that GKE assigned. This field is useful if you requested multiple ports in your Pod specification.\n- `spec.containers.ports.hostPort`: the opened port that GKE assigned to each container.\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n[Track Agones support on Autopilot on GitHub](https://github.com/googleforgames/agones/issues/2777)."]]