实现网络钩子

本指南提供了各种用于实现 webhook 的示例以及 webhook 问题排查建议。

设置会话参数

以下示例展示了如何设置会话参数。

Go

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

请参阅 Webhook 快速入门。

Java

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// TODO: Change class name to Example
// TODO: Uncomment the line below before running cloud function
// package com.example;

import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;

public class WebhookConfigureSessionParameters implements HttpFunction {
  @Override
  public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response) throws Exception {
    JsonObject orderParameter = new JsonObject();
    orderParameter.addProperty("order_number", "12345");

    JsonObject parameterObject = new JsonObject();
    parameterObject.add("parameters", orderParameter);

    // Creates webhook response object
    JsonObject webhookResponse = new JsonObject();
    webhookResponse.add("session_info", parameterObject);

    Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();
    String jsonResponseObject = gson.toJson(webhookResponse);

    /** { "session_info": { "parameters": { "order_number": "12345" } } } */
    BufferedWriter writer = response.getWriter();
    // Sends the webhookResponseObject
    writer.write(jsonResponseObject.toString());
  }
}

Node.js

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');

functions.http('configureSessionParams', (request, response) => {
  // Session parameter configured by the webhook
  const orderNumber = 123;

  const jsonResponse = {
    sessionInfo: {
      parameters: {
        orderNumber: orderNumber,
      },
    },
  };

  response.send(jsonResponse);
});

Python

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import functions_framework

# TODO (developer): change entry point to configure_session_params in Cloud Function

@functions_framework.http
def configure_session_params(request):
    """Webhook to validate or configure new session parameters."""

    order_number = 123

    json_response = {
        "sessionInfo": {
            "parameters": {
                "orderNumber": order_number,
            },
        },
    }

    return json_response

返回履单响应

以下示例展示了如何返回 fulfillment 响应。

注意 ：最佳实践是设置会话参数，而不是执行方式响应。这样，代理 fulfillment 就可以始终控制动态响应。

Go

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

请参阅 Webhook 快速入门。

Java

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// TODO: Change class name to Example
// TODO: add GSON dependency to Pom file
// (https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.code.gson/gson/2.8.5)
// TODO: Uncomment the line bellow before running cloud function
// package com.example;

import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;

public class BasicWebhook implements HttpFunction {
  @Override
  public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response) throws Exception {
    Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
    JsonObject parsedRequest = gson.fromJson(request.getReader(), JsonObject.class);

    // For more information on the structure of this object https://cloud.google.com/dialogflow/cx/docs/reference/rest/v3/Fulfillment
    String requestTag = parsedRequest.getAsJsonObject("fulfillmentInfo")
        .getAsJsonPrimitive("tag").toString();
    JsonObject responseObject = null;
    String defaultIntent = "\"Default Welcome Intent\"";
    String secondIntent = "\"get-agent-name\"";
    String responseText = "";

    // Compares the Intent Tag to provide the correct response
    if (requestTag.equals(defaultIntent)) {
      responseText = "\"Hello from a Java GCF Webhook\"";
    } else if (requestTag.equals(secondIntent)) {
      responseText = "\"My name is Flowhook\"";
    } else {
      responseText = "\"Sorry I didn't get that\"";
    }

    // Constructing the response jsonObject
    responseObject =
        JsonParser
            .parseString(
                "{ \"fulfillment_response\": { \"messages\": [ { \"text\": { \"text\": ["
                    + responseText
                    + "] } } ] } }")
            .getAsJsonObject();
    BufferedWriter writer = response.getWriter();

    //Sends the responseObject
    writer.write(responseObject.toString());
  }
}

Node.js

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');

functions.http('handleWebhook', (request, response) => {
  const tag = request.body.fulfillmentInfo.tag;
  let text = '';

  if (tag === 'Default Welcome Intent') {
    text = 'Hello from a GCF Webhook';
  } else if (tag === 'get-name') {
    text = 'My name is Flowhook';
  } else {
    text = `There are no fulfillment responses defined for "${tag}"" tag`;
  }

  const jsonResponse = {
    fulfillment_response: {
      messages: [
        {
          text: {
            //fulfillment text response to be sent to the agent
            text: [text],
          },
        },
      ],
    },
  };

  response.send(jsonResponse);
});

Python

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import functions_framework

# TODO(developer): change entry point to handle_webhook in cloud function

@functions_framework.http
def handle_webhook(request):
    req = request.get_json()

    tag = req["fulfillmentInfo"]["tag"]

    if tag == "Default Welcome Intent":
        text = "Hello from a GCF Webhook"
    elif tag == "get-name":
        text = "My name is Flowhook"
    else:
        text = f"There are no fulfillment responses defined for {tag} tag"

    # You can also use the google.cloud.dialogflowcx_v3.types.WebhookRequest protos instead of manually writing the json object
    # Please see https://googleapis.dev/python/dialogflow/latest/dialogflow_v2/types.html?highlight=webhookresponse#google.cloud.dialogflow_v2.types.WebhookResponse for an overview
    res = {"fulfillment_response": {"messages": [{"text": {"text": [text]}}]}}

    # Returns json
    return res

根据需要设置表单参数

以下示例展示了如何根据需要标记参数。

Java

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// TODO: Change class name to Example
// TODO: Uncomment the line below before running cloud function
// package com.example;

import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;

public class ConfigureWebhookToSetFormParametersAsOptionalOrRequired implements HttpFunction {
  @Override
  public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response) throws Exception {
    JsonObject parameterObject = new JsonObject();
    parameterObject.addProperty("display_name", "order_number");
    parameterObject.addProperty("required", "true");
    parameterObject.addProperty("state", "VALID");

    JsonArray parameterInfoList = new JsonArray();
    parameterInfoList.add(parameterObject);

    JsonObject parameterInfoObject = new JsonObject();
    parameterInfoObject.add("parameter_info", parameterInfoList);

    JsonObject formInfo = new JsonObject();
    formInfo.add("form_info", parameterInfoObject);

    // Constructs the webhook response object
    JsonObject webhookResponse = new JsonObject();
    webhookResponse.add("page_info", formInfo);

    Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();
    String jsonResponseObject = gson.toJson(webhookResponse);

    /* {
     *   "page_info": {
     *     "form_info": {
     *       "parameter_info": [
     *         {
     *           "display_name": "order_number",
     *           "required": "true",
     *           "state": "VALID"
     *         }
     *       ]
     *     }
     *   }
     * }
     */

    BufferedWriter writer = response.getWriter();

    // Sends the responseObject
    writer.write(jsonResponseObject.toString());
  }
}

Node.js

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');

functions.http('configureOptionalFormParam', (request, response) => {
  // The value of the parameter that the webhook will set as optional or required.
  // Note that the webhook cannot add or remove any form parameter

  const jsonResponse = {
    pageInfo: {
      formInfo: {
        parameterInfo: [
          {
            displayName: 'order-number',
            // if required: false, the agent will not reprompt for this parameter, even if the state is 'INVALID'
            required: true,
            state: 'VALID',
          },
        ],
      },
    },
  };

  // Info about form parameter that is sent in the webhook response:
  console.log(
    'Parameter Info: \n',
    jsonResponse.pageInfo.formInfo.parameterInfo[0]
  );

  response.send(jsonResponse);
});

验证表单参数

以下示例展示了如何验证表单参数。

Java

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// TODO: Change class name to Example
// TODO: Uncomment the line below before running cloud function
// package com.example;

import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;

public class WebhookValidateFormParameter implements HttpFunction {
  @Override
  public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response) throws Exception {
    JsonObject sessionInfo = new JsonObject();
    JsonObject sessionParameter = new JsonObject();

    sessionParameter.addProperty("order_number", "null");
    sessionInfo.add("parameters", sessionParameter);

    JsonObject parameterObject = new JsonObject();
    parameterObject.addProperty("display_name", "order_number");
    parameterObject.addProperty("required", "true");
    parameterObject.addProperty("state", "INVALID");
    parameterObject.addProperty("value", "123");

    JsonArray parameterInfoList = new JsonArray();
    parameterInfoList.add(parameterObject);

    JsonObject parameterInfoObject = new JsonObject();
    parameterInfoObject.add("parameter_info", parameterInfoList);

    JsonObject pageInfo = new JsonObject();
    pageInfo.add("form_info", parameterInfoObject);

    // Constructs the webhook response object
    JsonObject webhookResponse = new JsonObject();
    webhookResponse.add("page_info", pageInfo);
    webhookResponse.add("session_info", sessionInfo);

    Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();
    String jsonResponseObject = gson.toJson(webhookResponse);

    /**
     * { "page_info": { "form_info": { "parameter_info": [ { "display_name": "order_number",
     * "required": "true", "state": "INVALID", "value": "123" } ] } }, "session_info": {
     * "parameters": { "order_number": "null" } } }
     */
    BufferedWriter writer = response.getWriter();

    // Sends the responseObject
    writer.write(jsonResponseObject.toString());
  }
}

Node.js

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');

functions.http('validateParameter', (request, response) => {
  // Webhook will validate or invalidate parameter based on logic configured by the user.
  // Access parameter values through the webhook request via `request.body.pageInfo.formInfo.parameterInfo[]`
  const jsonResponse = {
    page_info: {
      form_info: {
        parameter_info: [
          {
            displayName: 'orderNumber',
            required: true,
            state: 'INVALID',
            value: 123,
          },
        ],
      },
    },
    sessionInfo: {
      parameters: {
        // Set session parameter to null if the form parameter is 'INVALID' and your agent needs to reprompt the user
        orderNumber: null,
      },
    },
  };

  response.send(jsonResponse);
});

Python

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import functions_framework

@functions_framework.http
def validate_parameter(request):
    """Webhook will validate or invalidate parameter based on logic configured by the user."""
    return {
        "page_info": {
            "form_info": {
                "parameter_info": [
                    {
                        "displayName": "orderNumber",
                        "required": True,
                        "state": "INVALID",
                        "value": 123,
                    },
                ],
            },
        },
        "sessionInfo": {
            "parameters": {
                # Set session parameter to None if the form parameter is 'INVALID' and your agent needs to reprompt the user
                "orderNumber": None,
            },
        },
    }

记录会话 ID

以下示例展示了如何记录来自 webhook 请求的 session ID。

Python

要向 Dialogflow 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import re

import functions_framework

@functions_framework.http
def log_session_id_for_troubleshooting(request):
    """Webhook will log session id corresponding to request."""

    req = request.get_json()
    # You can read more about SessionInfo at https://cloud.google.com/dialogflow/cx/docs/reference/rest/v3/SessionInfo
    # Use a regex pattern to get the session ID
    session_id_regex = r".+\/sessions\/(.+)"
    session = req["sessionInfo"]["session"]
    regex_match = re.search(session_id_regex, session)
    session_id = regex_match.group(1)

    # Instead of printing, use the logging tools available to you
    print(f"Debug Node: session ID = {session_id}")

    # Return a generic response
    res = {
        "fulfillment_response": {
            "messages": [{"text": {"text": [f"Request Session ID: {session_id}"]}}]
        }
    }

    # Returns json
    return res

问题排查

在对网络钩子进行问题排查时，记录网络钩子中的会话 ID 会很有帮助。WebhookRequest 的 sessionInfo.session 字段包含会话 ID。每个对话的会话 ID 都应是唯一的，这有助于您将代理日志与使用相同会话 ID 的请求的网络钩子日志进行比较。上面的记录会话 ID 部分介绍了如何通过网络钩子记录会话 ID。

此外，如果您在 Cloud Functions 或类似 Google Cloud 无服务器选项上托管 webhook，则可以使用日志条目中的 trace 字段作为日志过滤条件。单次函数执行会导致多个日志条目具有相同的跟踪记录值。

以下示例使用会话 ID 和跟踪记录值将特定 Dialogflow 代理错误日志与相应的 Cloud Functions 网络钩子日志条目相关联。该示例对启用了 Cloud Logging 的代理使用 Cloud Logging 过滤条件。

1. 过滤特定代理的错误日志的 Dialogflow 日志

使用以下 Cloud Logging 过滤条件过滤 Dialogflow 日志，找出特定代理的错误日志：

labels.location_id="global"
labels.agent_id="AGENT_ID"
severity=ERROR

webhook 日志错误条目如下所示：

{
  "insertId": "-zi368ye1ie3r",
  "jsonPayload": {
    "message": "Webhook error: State: URL_UNREACHABLE, Reason: UNREACHABLE_5xx, HTTP status code: 500",
    "code": 14
  },
  "resource": {
    "type": "global",
    "labels": {
      "project_id": "PROJECT_ID"
    }
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-10-05T19:44:53.098938Z",
  "severity": "ERROR",
  "labels": {
    "session_id": "ec8781-f28-7e6-791-d7e992e8f",
    "location_id": "global",
    "agent_id": "807346f0-f501-42b5-9642-af59d5e98165"
  },
  "logName": "projects/PROJECT_ID/logs/dialogflow-runtime.googleapis.com%2Frequests",
  "receiveTimestamp": "2022-10-05T19:44:53.222552658Z"
}

请注意 labels.session_id 字段，其中包含会话 ID。 您将在下一步中使用会话 ID。

2. 根据会话 ID 过滤 Cloud Functions 函数日志

使用以下 Cloud Logging 过滤条件过滤会话 ID 的 Cloud Function 函数日志：

注意 ：此过滤条件假定您使用与上述记录会话 ID 示例完全相同的文本来记录会话 ID。

resource.type = "cloud_function"
resource.labels.function_name = "CLOUD_FUNCTION_NAME"
resource.labels.region = "CLOUD_FUNCTION_REGION"
textPayload="Debug Node: session ID = SESSION_ID"

生成的日志与提供的会话期间生成的网络钩子日志相对应。例如：

{
  "textPayload": "Debug Node: session ID = ec8781-f28-7e6-791-d7e992e8f",
  "insertId": "632bdb2b000b7c6c77d0cc62",
  "resource": {
    "type": "cloud_function",
    "labels": {
      "project_id": "PROJECT_ID",
      "function_name": "webhook",
      "region": "us-central1"
    }
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-10-05T19:44:53.098938Z",
  "severity": "INFO",
  "labels": {
    "execution_id": "ozt5bnz50eeo",
    "instance_id": "00c61b117c1f116421aa5503bc80f9aa636b9ef117bb2722f3d54414085e62be6e55af0aa0250a63534262b31a3d3a14af8c940203f1915db8b25b"
  },
  "logName": "projects/PROJECT_ID/logs/cloudfunctions.googleapis.com%2Fcloud-functions",
  "trace": "projects/PROJECT_ID/traces/e41eefc1fac48665b442bfa400cc2f5e",
  "receiveTimestamp": "2022-10-05T19:44:53.222552658Z"
}

记下 trace 字段，下一步会用到。

3. 过滤特定跟踪记录的 Cloud Functions 函数日志

使用以下 Cloud Logging 过滤条件过滤特定跟踪记录的 Cloud Function 日志：

resource.type = "cloud_function"
resource.labels.function_name = "CLOUD_FUNCTION_NAME"
resource.labels.region = "CLOUD_FUNCTION_REGION"
trace="projects/PROJECT_ID/traces/TRACE_ID"

其中 TRACE_ID 是跟踪记录的最后一段。例如，projects/PROJECT_ID/traces/e41eefc1fac48665b442bfa400cc2f5e 的 TRACE_ID 为 e41eefc1fac48665b442bfa400cc2f5e。

生成的日志与执行第 1 步中的会话 ID 和第 2 步中的跟踪记录相关联的网络钩子请求期间生成的所有网络钩子日志相对应。