通过 API 创建和管理通知渠道

Beta 版

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本文档介绍了如何通过 Google Cloud 控制台创建和管理通知渠道， 使用客户端库或使用 Google Cloud CLI 调用 Cloud Monitoring API。当满足提醒政策的条件时，Cloud Monitoring 会使用通知渠道通知您或您的待命团队。我们提供以下几种渠道类型：每种类型 描述的上下文。某种类型的通知渠道是该类型描述符的实例。 您的提醒政策包括对通知渠道的引用，这些通知渠道要用作通知路径。

通知渠道必须事先存在，才能用于提醒政策。 系统已经提供了通知渠道描述符，但您必须先创建渠道然后才能使用这些渠道。

如需使用 Google Cloud 控制台配置通知渠道，请参阅 创建和管理通知渠道。

本文档中使用的代码示例提取自示例：备份和恢复中描述的提醒政策 API 示例。

关于此 API

NotificationChannel 资源支持的操作可让您 管理通知渠道它还支持与管理渠道的 verificationStatus 字段相关的操作：

• 发送验证码
• 生成代码，用于将已验证渠道的验证状态复制到同一项目或新项目的其他相同渠道
• 使用前两个操作创建的代码验证渠道

如需了解详情，请参阅 notificationChannels 参考文档。

注意：请将应用设计为使用单线程 Cloud Monitoring API 调用来修改 Google Cloud 项目中通知渠道的状态。例如，用于创建、修改或删除通知渠道的单线程 API 调用。

准备工作

如需获得使用 Cloud Monitoring API 查看和配置通知渠道所需的权限，请让您的管理员为您授予项目的 Monitoring NotificationChannel Editor (roles/monitoring.notificationChannelEditor) IAM 角色。 如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

您也可以通过自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取所需的权限。

如需详细了解 Cloud Monitoring 角色，请参阅使用 Identity and Access Management 控制访问权限。

列出通知渠道的类型

Monitoring 提供了许多内置的通知渠道类型。每种类型都在 NotificationChannelDescriptor 中进行了介绍。这些描述符具有 type 字段，在创建该渠道类型的实例时，此字段的值将作为其标识符。如需检索您可以使用 Cloud Monitoring API 或 Google Cloud CLI 创建的渠道类型列表，请输入以下命令：

$ gcloud beta monitoring channel-descriptors list --format='value(type)'
campfire
email
google_chat
hipchat
pagerduty
pubsub
slack
sms
webhook_basicauth
webhook_tokenauth

如需详细了解通知渠道，请参阅创建和管理通知渠道。

注意：campfire 和 hipchat 渠道类型已弃用。不要创建这些类型的新渠道。

如果您的首选通知渠道不受支持，请考虑创建 一个依赖于向 Pub/Sub 发送通知的流水线。 如需查看使用 Flask 的 Python 示例，请参阅使用 Cloud Monitoring 和 Cloud Run 创建自定义通知。如需查看其他示例，请参阅 cloud-alerting-notification-forwarding Git 代码库。

如需检索 Google Cloud 项目中的所有渠道描述符，请使用 notificationChannelDescriptors.list 方法。检索到的描述符均为只读。

如果您要查找特定描述符，并且知道其名称，则可以使用 notificationChannelDescriptors.get 方法仅检索该渠道描述符。渠道描述符名称的格式为 projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannelDescriptors/[CHANNEL_TYPE] [CHANNEL_TYPE] 必须是上面列出的类型之一，例如：

projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannelDescriptors/email

gcloud

如需列出 Google Cloud 项目中的所有通知渠道描述符，请使用 gcloud beta monitoring channel-descriptors list 命令：

gcloud beta monitoring channel-descriptors list

如果成功，该 list 命令将以列表显示指定项目中所有的渠道描述符。例如，email 渠道描述符在列表中显示为：

    ---
    description: A channel that sends notifications via email.
    displayName: Email
    labels:
    - description: An address to send email.
      key: email_address
    name: projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannelDescriptors/email
    type: email
    ---

所有渠道描述符都包含以下字段：

• name：渠道描述符的完全限定资源名称
• type：名称的一部分，用于表示渠道类型
• displayName：type 字段的说明，用于显示目的
• description：对渠道的简要说明
• labels：一组专用于渠道类型的字段。每种渠道类型都有自己的一组标签。

创建渠道后，它还会获得一个 enabled 字段，默认值为 true。

要列出单个渠道描述符，请使用 gcloud beta monitoring channel-descriptors describe，并指定渠道描述符的名称。您无需指定完全限定名称。例如，这两个命令都返回上面的列表：

gcloud beta monitoring channel-descriptors describe email

gcloud beta monitoring channel-descriptors describe projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannelDescriptors/email

如需了解详情，请参阅 gcloud beta monitoring channel-descriptors list 和 describe 参考。describe 命令对应于 API 中的 notificationChannelDescriptors.get 方法。

创建通知渠道

您可以使用 Google Cloud CLI 从 JSON 或 YAML 文件为 Google Cloud 项目创建通知渠道，也可以通过编程方式创建。

要创建通知渠道，必须为其描述符中的字段提供值。其中大多数字段在所有通知渠道描述符中都很常见，如 type；请参阅 notificationChannelDescriptors。

每个描述符均有一组标签，且各不相同。如需查看特定描述符的标签集，请使用列出通知渠道类型中所述的 gcloud beta monitoring channel-descriptors describe 命令检索该描述符。例如，检索 email 渠道描述符会显示单个标签：

    labels:
    - description: An address to send email.
      key: email_address

pubsub 渠道描述符也包含一个标签；该标签用于标识 Pub/Sub 主题。不过，渠道可以包含多个 标签。例如，slack 渠道描述符有两个标签：

    labels:
    - description: A permanent authentication token provided by Slack. This field is obfuscated by returning only a few characters of the key when fetched.
      key: auth_token
    - description: The Slack channel to which to post notifications.
      key: channel_name

检索 webhook_basicauth 渠道描述符会显示多个标签：

    labels:
    - description: The password. The field is obfuscated when the channel is fetched.
      key: password
    - description: The public URL to which to publish the webhook.
      key: url
    - description: The username.
      key: username

无论您以编程方式还是通过命令行创建新渠道，规范中 type 的值都必须与相应通知渠道描述符中的 type 字段匹配。任何必需的标签键也必须与渠道描述符中的字段相匹配。

一些标签对应着用来对提供商进行身份验证的凭据。 创建渠道时，系统必须从提供商获取这些标签的值。 获取凭据可能包含使用提供商网站上的 API 密钥生成页面或完成提供商的 OAuth 登录流程。 获得这种凭据的方式的具体情况取决于特定的提供商。

例如，下面显示了新 pubsub 的规范 采用 JSON 格式的通知渠道：

    {
      "type": "pubsub",
      "displayName": "Notifications",
      "description": "Pub/Sub channel for notifications",
      "labels": {
        "topic": "projects/[PROJECT_ID]/topics/notificationTopic"
      },
    }

type 值（pubsub）和单个标签键（topic）匹配相应渠道描述符中的 type 和 labels.key 字段。

默认情况下，渠道处于启动状态。如果您要创建无效渠道，可以在字段 enabled 中添加值 false。

注意：为实现冗余，我们建议您创建多个通知渠道。我们将通知传递给该系统后，Google 无法控制这些传送系统。此外，单项 Google 服务支持 Cloud Mobile App、PagerDuty、网络钩子和 Slack。如果您使用其中某种通知渠道，请将电子邮件、短信或 Pub/Sub 用作冗余渠道。

下面举例说明了创建通知渠道的过程。

gcloud

如需在 Google Cloud 项目中创建通知渠道，请使用 gcloud beta monitoring channels create 命令。要从文件加载通道，请使用 --channel-content-from-file 标志指定文件。

以下示例从 pubsub-channel.json 文件创建新的 Pub/Sub 渠道：

gcloud beta monitoring channels create --channel-content-from-file="pubsub-channel.json"

如果成功，此命令将返回新渠道的名称，例如：

    Created notification channel [projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/1355376463305411567].

如需了解详情，请参阅 gcloud beta monitoring channels create 参考文档。

C#

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

static void RestorePolicies(string projectId, string filePath)
{
    var policyClient = AlertPolicyServiceClient.Create();
    var channelClient = NotificationChannelServiceClient.Create();
    List<Exception> exceptions = new List<Exception>();
    var backup = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<BackupRecord>(
        File.ReadAllText(filePath), new ProtoMessageConverter());
    var projectName = new ProjectName(projectId);
    bool isSameProject = projectId == backup.ProjectId;
    // When a channel is recreated, rather than updated, it will get
    // a new name.  We have to update the AlertPolicy with the new
    // name.  Track the names in this map.
    var channelNameMap = new Dictionary<string, string>();
    foreach (NotificationChannel channel in backup.Channels)
    {
        try
        {
            bool updated = false;
            Console.WriteLine("Updating channel.\n{0}",
                channel.DisplayName);
            // This field is immutable and it is illegal to specify a
            // non-default value (UNVERIFIED or VERIFIED) in the
            // Create() or Update() operations.
            channel.VerificationStatus = NotificationChannel.Types
                .VerificationStatus.Unspecified;
            if (isSameProject)
                try
                {
                    channelClient.UpdateNotificationChannel(
                        null, channel);
                    updated = true;
                }
                catch (Grpc.Core.RpcException e)
                when (e.Status.StatusCode == StatusCode.NotFound)
                { }
            if (!updated)
            {
                // The channel no longer exists.  Recreate it.
                string oldName = channel.Name;
                channel.Name = null;
                var response = channelClient.CreateNotificationChannel(
                    projectName, channel);
                channelNameMap.Add(oldName, response.Name);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            // If one failed, continue trying to update the others.
            exceptions.Add(e);
        }
    }
    foreach (AlertPolicy policy in backup.Policies)
    {
    }
    if (exceptions.Count > 0)
    {
        throw new AggregateException(exceptions);
    }
}

Node.js

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const monitoring = require('@google-cloud/monitoring');

// Creates clients
const alertClient = new monitoring.AlertPolicyServiceClient();
const notificationClient = new monitoring.NotificationChannelServiceClient();

async function replaceChannels() {
  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
   */
  // const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
  // const alertPolicyId = '123456789012314';
  // const channelIds = [
  //   'channel-1',
  //   'channel-2',
  //   'channel-3',
  // ];

  const notificationChannels = channelIds.map(id =>
    notificationClient.projectNotificationChannelPath(projectId, id)
  );

  for (const channel of notificationChannels) {
    const updateChannelRequest = {
      updateMask: {
        paths: ['enabled'],
      },
      notificationChannel: {
        name: channel,
        enabled: {
          value: true,
        },
      },
    };
    try {
      await notificationClient.updateNotificationChannel(
        updateChannelRequest
      );
    } catch (err) {
      const createChannelRequest = {
        notificationChannel: {
          name: channel,
          notificationChannel: {
            type: 'email',
          },
        },
      };
      const newChannel =
        await notificationClient.createNotificationChannel(
          createChannelRequest
        );
      notificationChannels.push(newChannel);
    }
  }

  const updateAlertPolicyRequest = {
    updateMask: {
      paths: ['notification_channels'],
    },
    alertPolicy: {
      name: alertClient.projectAlertPolicyPath(projectId, alertPolicyId),
      notificationChannels: notificationChannels,
    },
  };
  const [alertPolicy] = await alertClient.updateAlertPolicy(
    updateAlertPolicyRequest
  );
  console.log(`Updated ${alertPolicy.name}.`);
}
replaceChannels();

Go

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// restorePolicies updates the project with the alert policies and
// notification channels in r.
func restorePolicies(w io.Writer, projectID string, r io.Reader) error {
	b := backup{}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(r).Decode(&b); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	sameProject := projectID == b.ProjectID

	ctx := context.Background()

	alertClient, err := monitoring.NewAlertPolicyClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer alertClient.Close()
	channelClient, err := monitoring.NewNotificationChannelClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer channelClient.Close()

	// When a channel is recreated, rather than updated, it will get
	// a new name.  We have to update the AlertPolicy with the new
	// name.  channelNames keeps track of the new names.
	channelNames := make(map[string]string)
	for _, c := range b.Channels {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updating channel %q\n", c.GetDisplayName())
		c.VerificationStatus = monitoringpb.NotificationChannel_VERIFICATION_STATUS_UNSPECIFIED
		updated := false
		if sameProject {
			req := &monitoringpb.UpdateNotificationChannelRequest{
				NotificationChannel: c.NotificationChannel,
			}
			_, err := channelClient.UpdateNotificationChannel(ctx, req)
			if err == nil {
				updated = true
			}
		}
		if !updated {
			req := &monitoringpb.CreateNotificationChannelRequest{
				Name:                "projects/" + projectID,
				NotificationChannel: c.NotificationChannel,
			}
			oldName := c.GetName()
			c.Name = ""
			newC, err := channelClient.CreateNotificationChannel(ctx, req)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			channelNames[oldName] = newC.GetName()
		}
	}

	for _, policy := range b.AlertPolicies {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Updating alert %q\n", policy.GetDisplayName())
		policy.CreationRecord = nil
		policy.MutationRecord = nil
		for i, aChannel := range policy.GetNotificationChannels() {
			if c, ok := channelNames[aChannel]; ok {
				policy.NotificationChannels[i] = c
			}
		}
		updated := false
		if sameProject {
			req := &monitoringpb.UpdateAlertPolicyRequest{
				AlertPolicy: policy.AlertPolicy,
			}
			_, err := alertClient.UpdateAlertPolicy(ctx, req)
			if err == nil {
				updated = true
			}
		}
		if !updated {
			req := &monitoringpb.CreateAlertPolicyRequest{
				Name:        "projects/" + projectID,
				AlertPolicy: policy.AlertPolicy,
			}
			if _, err = alertClient.CreateAlertPolicy(ctx, req); err != nil {
				log.Fatal(err)
			}
		}
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Successfully restored alerts.")
	return nil
}

Java

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

private static Map<String, String> restoreNotificationChannels(
    String projectId, List<NotificationChannel> channels, boolean isSameProject)
    throws IOException {
  Map<String, String> newChannelNames = Maps.newHashMap();
  try (NotificationChannelServiceClient client = NotificationChannelServiceClient.create()) {
    for (NotificationChannel channel : channels) {
      // Update channel name if project ID is different.
      boolean channelUpdated = false;
      if (isSameProject) {
        try {
          NotificationChannel updatedChannel =
              client.updateNotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_UPDATE_MASK, channel);
          newChannelNames.put(channel.getName(), updatedChannel.getName());
          channelUpdated = true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
          channelUpdated = false;
        }
      }
      if (!channelUpdated) {
        NotificationChannel newChannel =
            client.createNotificationChannel(
                ProjectName.of(projectId),
                channel.toBuilder().clearName().clearVerificationStatus().build());
        newChannelNames.put(channel.getName(), newChannel.getName());
      }
    }
  }
  return newChannelNames;
}

PHP

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Client\NotificationChannelServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\CreateNotificationChannelRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\NotificationChannel;

/**
 * @param string $projectId Your project ID
 */
function alert_create_channel(string $projectId): void
{
    $channelClient = new NotificationChannelServiceClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);
    $projectName = 'projects/' . $projectId;

    $channel = new NotificationChannel();
    $channel->setDisplayName('Test Notification Channel');
    $channel->setType('email');
    $channel->setLabels(['email_address' => '[e-mail]']);
    $createNotificationChannelRequest = (new CreateNotificationChannelRequest())
        ->setName($projectName)
        ->setNotificationChannel($channel);

    $channel = $channelClient->createNotificationChannel($createNotificationChannelRequest);
    printf('Created notification channel %s' . PHP_EOL, $channel->getName());
}

Python

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

def restore(project_name, backup_filename):
    """Restore alert policies in a project.

    Arguments:
        project_name (str): The Google Cloud Project to use. The project name
            must be in the format - 'projects/<PROJECT_NAME>'.
        backup_filename (str): Name of the file (along with its path) from
            which the alert policies will be restored.
    """
    print(
        "Loading alert policies and notification channels from {}.".format(
            backup_filename
        )
    )
    record = json.load(open(backup_filename, "rt"))
    is_same_project = project_name == record["project_name"]
    # Convert dicts to AlertPolicies.
    policies_json = [json.dumps(policy) for policy in record["policies"]]
    policies = [
        monitoring_v3.AlertPolicy.from_json(policy_json)
        for policy_json in policies_json
    ]
    # Convert dicts to NotificationChannels
    channels_json = [json.dumps(channel) for channel in record["channels"]]
    channels = [
        monitoring_v3.NotificationChannel.from_json(channel_json)
        for channel_json in channels_json
    ]

    # Restore the channels.
    channel_client = monitoring_v3.NotificationChannelServiceClient()
    channel_name_map = {}

    for channel in channels:
        updated = False
        print("Updating channel", channel.display_name)
        # This field is immutable and it is illegal to specify a
        # non-default value (UNVERIFIED or VERIFIED) in the
        # Create() or Update() operations.
        channel.verification_status = (
            monitoring_v3.NotificationChannel.VerificationStatus.VERIFICATION_STATUS_UNSPECIFIED
        )

        if is_same_project:
            try:
                channel_client.update_notification_channel(notification_channel=channel)
                updated = True
            except google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound:
                pass  # The channel was deleted.  Create it below.

        if not updated:
            # The channel no longer exists.  Recreate it.
            old_name = channel.name
            del channel.name
            new_channel = channel_client.create_notification_channel(
                name=project_name, notification_channel=channel
            )
            channel_name_map[old_name] = new_channel.name

    # Restore the alerts
    alert_client = monitoring_v3.AlertPolicyServiceClient()

    for policy in policies:
        print("Updating policy", policy.display_name)
        # These two fields cannot be set directly, so clear them.
        del policy.creation_record
        del policy.mutation_record

        # Update old channel names with new channel names.
        for i, channel in enumerate(policy.notification_channels):
            new_channel = channel_name_map.get(channel)
            if new_channel:
                policy.notification_channels[i] = new_channel

        updated = False

        if is_same_project:
            try:
                alert_client.update_alert_policy(alert_policy=policy)
                updated = True
            except google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound:
                pass  # The policy was deleted.  Create it below.
            except google.api_core.exceptions.InvalidArgument:
                # Annoying that API throws InvalidArgument when the policy
                # does not exist.  Seems like it should throw NotFound.
                pass  # The policy was deleted.  Create it below.

        if not updated:
            # The policy no longer exists.  Recreate it.
            old_name = policy.name
            del policy.name
            for condition in policy.conditions:
                del condition.name
            policy = alert_client.create_alert_policy(
                name=project_name, alert_policy=policy
            )
        print("Updated", policy.name)

示例：创建 Slack 通知渠道

如需为 Slack 应用配置通知渠道，请执行以下操作：

1. 配置您的 Slack 应用：

   1. 如果您还没有 Slack 应用，请按照 Slack 参考文档中的说明创建一个，然后将其安装到您的工作区。
   2. 使用 chat:write 和 chat:write.public 的 OAuth 范围配置您的 Slack 应用。
   3. 复制应用的聊天机器人用户 OAuth 令牌。

2. 创建一个文件，用于定义通知渠道的配置。 添加一个标签，其中 auth_token 键包含 Slack 应用的聊天机器人用户 OAuth 令牌的值。例如：

   {
     "description": "A Slack notification channel",
     "displayName": "Slack",
     "type": "slack",
     "enabled": true,
     "labels": {
       "auth_token": "OAUTH_TOKEN_VALUE",
       "channel_name": "SLACK_CHANNEL_NAME"
     }
   }
   

3. 运行以下命令以创建通知渠道：

   gcloud beta monitoring channels create --channel-content-from-file="FILE_NAME"
   

列出项目中的通知渠道

如需检索 Google Cloud 项目中的所有通知渠道，请使用 notificationChannels.list 方法。此方法还支持使用 filter 和 orderBy 选项对结果进行限制和排序；具体请参阅排序和过滤。

如果您要查找特定渠道且知道该渠道名称，可使用 notificationChannels.get 方法仅检索该渠道。渠道名称的格式为 projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/[CHANNEL_ID]，例如：

    projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/1355376463305411567

检索渠道时，出于安全原因，系统可能会对身份验证令牌和 API 密钥等敏感值进行模糊处理。如果通过复制现有渠道来创建新渠道，则需要更正任何模糊处理的值。

gcloud

如需列出 Google Cloud 项目中的所有通知渠道，请使用 gcloud beta monitoring channels list 命令：

gcloud beta monitoring channels list

如果成功，list 命令将以列表形式显示指定项目中的所有渠道。例如，以上命令可能会返回包含以下条目的列表：

    ---
    description: E-mail channel created by gcloud as a test
    displayName: test e-mail channel
    enabled: false
    labels:
      email_address: [e-mail]
    name: projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/1355376463305411567
    type: email
    ---
    description: Pub/Sub channel for notifications
    displayName: Notifications
    enabled: true
    labels:
      topic: projects/[PROJECT_ID]/topics/notificationTopic
    name: projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/1355376463305411567
    type: pubsub

要列出单个渠道，请使用 gcloud beta monitoring channels describe，然后指定渠道名称。 例如，此命令会返回上述列表中显示的 Pub/Sub 通道：

gcloud beta monitoring channels describe projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/1355376463305411567

如需了解详情，请参阅 gcloud beta monitoring channels list 和 describe 参考。describe 命令对应于 API 中的 notificationChannels.get 方法。

C#

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

static void ListNotificationChannels(string projectId)
{
    var client = NotificationChannelServiceClient.Create();
    var response = client.ListNotificationChannels(new ProjectName(projectId));
    foreach (NotificationChannel channel in response)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(channel.Name);
        if (channel.DisplayName != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(channel.DisplayName);
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}

Node.js

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const monitoring = require('@google-cloud/monitoring');

// Creates a client
const client = new monitoring.NotificationChannelServiceClient();

async function deleteChannels() {
  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
   */
  // const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
  // const filter = 'A filter for selecting policies, e.g. description:"cloud"';

  const request = {
    name: client.projectPath(projectId),
    filter,
  };
  const channels = await client.listNotificationChannels(request);
  console.log(channels);
  for (const channel of channels[0]) {
    console.log(`Deleting channel ${channel.displayName}`);
    try {
      await client.deleteNotificationChannel({
        name: channel.name,
      });
    } catch (err) {
      // ignore error
    }
  }
}
deleteChannels();

Go

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

channelClient, err := monitoring.NewNotificationChannelClient(ctx)
if err != nil {
	return err
}
defer channelClient.Close()
channelReq := &monitoringpb.ListNotificationChannelsRequest{
	Name: "projects/" + projectID,
	// Filter:  "", // See https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/api/v3/sorting-and-filtering.
	// OrderBy: "", // See https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/api/v3/sorting-and-filtering.
}
channelIt := channelClient.ListNotificationChannels(ctx, channelReq)
for {
	resp, err := channelIt.Next()
	if err == iterator.Done {
		break
	}
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	b.Channels = append(b.Channels, &channel{resp})
}

Java

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

private static List<NotificationChannel> getNotificationChannels(String projectId)
    throws IOException {
  List<NotificationChannel> notificationChannels = Lists.newArrayList();
  try (NotificationChannelServiceClient client = NotificationChannelServiceClient.create()) {
    ListNotificationChannelsPagedResponse listNotificationChannelsResponse =
        client.listNotificationChannels(ProjectName.of(projectId));
    for (NotificationChannel channel : listNotificationChannelsResponse.iterateAll()) {
      notificationChannels.add(channel);
    }
  }
  return notificationChannels;
}

PHP

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Client\NotificationChannelServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\ListNotificationChannelsRequest;

/**
 * @param string $projectId Your project ID
 */
function alert_list_channels($projectId)
{
    $projectName = 'projects/' . $projectId;
    $channelClient = new NotificationChannelServiceClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);
    $listNotificationChannelsRequest = (new ListNotificationChannelsRequest())
        ->setName($projectName);

    $channels = $channelClient->listNotificationChannels($listNotificationChannelsRequest);
    foreach ($channels->iterateAllElements() as $channel) {
        printf('Name: %s (%s)' . PHP_EOL, $channel->getDisplayName(), $channel->getName());
    }
}

Python

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

def list_notification_channels(project_name):
    """List alert notification channels in a project.

    Arguments:
        project_name (str): The Google Cloud Project to use. The project name
            must be in the format - 'projects/<PROJECT_NAME>'.
    """

    client = monitoring_v3.NotificationChannelServiceClient()
    channels = client.list_notification_channels(name=project_name)
    print(
        tabulate.tabulate(
            [(channel.name, channel.display_name) for channel in channels],
            ("name", "display_name"),
        )
    )

从项目中删除通知渠道

如需从 Google Cloud 项目中删除通知渠道，请使用 notificationChannels.delete 方法，并提供名称 要删除的通知渠道。渠道的名称是 在 NotificationChannel 实例中，是 name 字段，而不是 displayName。 渠道名称的格式为 projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/[CHANNEL_ID]，例如：

    projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/1355376463305411567

默认情况下，如果您尝试删除被提醒政策引用的渠道，则该渠道将不会被删除。要强制移除提醒政策的引用，并删除渠道，请将 force 选项设置为 true。 此选项会自动将该频道从所有 引用政策。

gcloud

要删除通知渠道，请使用 gcloud beta monitoring channels delete，然后指定要删除的渠道的名称。例如，以下命令会删除在另一示例中创建的 email 渠道：

gcloud beta monitoring channels delete projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/1355376463305411567

请参阅 gcloud beta monitoring channels delete 参考资料。

C#

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

using Google.Cloud.Monitoring.V3;
using System;

partial class AlertSnippets
{
    public void DeleteNotificationChannel(
        string channelName = "projects/your-project-id/notificationChannels/123")
    {
        var client = NotificationChannelServiceClient.Create();
        client.DeleteNotificationChannel(
            name: NotificationChannelName.Parse(channelName),
            force: true);
        Console.WriteLine("Deleted {0}.", channelName);
    }
}

Go

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	monitoring "cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3"
	"cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3/v2/monitoringpb"
)

// deleteChannel deletes the given channel. channelName should be of the form
// "projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/[CHANNEL_ID]".
func deleteChannel(w io.Writer, channelName string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	client, err := monitoring.NewNotificationChannelClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	req := &monitoringpb.DeleteNotificationChannelRequest{
		Name: channelName,
	}

	if err := client.DeleteNotificationChannel(ctx, req); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("DeleteNotificationChannel: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Deleted channel %q", channelName)
	return nil
}

Java

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

static void deleteNotificationChannel(String channelName) throws IOException {
  String projectId = System.getProperty("projectId");
  try (NotificationChannelServiceClient client = NotificationChannelServiceClient.create()) {
    NotificationChannelName name = NotificationChannelName.of(projectId, channelName);
    client.deleteNotificationChannel(channelName, false);
    System.out.println("Deleted notification channel " + channelName);
  }
}

PHP

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Client\NotificationChannelServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\DeleteNotificationChannelRequest;

/**
 * @param string $projectId Your project ID
 * @param string $channelId
 */
function alert_delete_channel(string $projectId, string $channelId): void
{
    $channelClient = new NotificationChannelServiceClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);
    $channelName = $channelClient->notificationChannelName($projectId, $channelId);
    $deleteNotificationChannelRequest = (new DeleteNotificationChannelRequest())
        ->setName($channelName);

    $channelClient->deleteNotificationChannel($deleteNotificationChannelRequest);
    printf('Deleted notification channel %s' . PHP_EOL, $channelName);
}

Node.js

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const monitoring = require('@google-cloud/monitoring');

// Creates a client
const client = new monitoring.NotificationChannelServiceClient();

async function deleteChannels() {
  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
   */
  // const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
  // const filter = 'A filter for selecting policies, e.g. description:"cloud"';

  const request = {
    name: client.projectPath(projectId),
    filter,
  };
  const channels = await client.listNotificationChannels(request);
  console.log(channels);
  for (const channel of channels[0]) {
    console.log(`Deleting channel ${channel.displayName}`);
    try {
      await client.deleteNotificationChannel({
        name: channel.name,
      });
    } catch (err) {
      // ignore error
    }
  }
}
deleteChannels();

Python

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

def delete_notification_channels(project_name, channel_ids, force=None):
    """Delete alert notification channels.

    Arguments:
        project_name (str): The Google Cloud Project to use. The project name
            must be in the format - 'projects/<PROJECT_NAME>'.
        channel_ids list(str): List of IDs of notification channels to delete.
        force (bool): If true, the notification channels are deleted regardless
            of its in use by alert policies. If false, channels that are still
            referenced by an existing alerting policy will fail to be deleted.
    """

    channel_client = monitoring_v3.NotificationChannelServiceClient()
    for channel_id in channel_ids:
        channel_name = "{}/notificationChannels/{}".format(project_name, channel_id)
        try:
            channel_client.delete_notification_channel(name=channel_name, force=force)
            print("Channel {} deleted".format(channel_name))
        except ValueError:
            print("The parameters are invalid")
        except Exception as e:
            print("API call failed: {}".format(e))

修改通知渠道

要修改通知渠道，请使用 REST API 中的 notificationChannels.patch 方法。其他 API 实现和 Google Cloud CLI 称之为 update，而不是 patch。

请注意：您无法使用更新操作来更新 verificationStatus 字段。要更改此值，您必须使用 notificationChannels.verify 方法。

更新操作可以完全替换现有的渠道，也可以修改其中一部分字段。例如，您可以启用或停用渠道。 停用渠道会阻止通知发送到该渠道。 通常情况下，如果只是想暂时不使用某渠道，则将被提醒政策引用的渠道停用比将其删除更简便一些。

gcloud

要启用已停用的通知渠道，请使用 gcloud beta monitoring channels update 命令并提供 --enabled 标志。以下命令可启用在上一示例中创建的 email 通知渠道（处于停用状态）：

gcloud beta monitoring channels update projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/1355376463305411567 --enabled

要停用政策，请使用同一命令并提供 --no-enabled 标志。 如需了解详情，请查看 gcloud beta monitoring channels update 参考。 update 命令与 REST API 中的 notificationChannels.patch 方法相对应。

C#

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

using Google.Cloud.Monitoring.V3;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
using System;

partial class AlertSnippets
{
    public NotificationChannel EnableNotificationChannel(
        string channelName = "projects/your-project-id/notificationChannels/123")
    {
        var client = NotificationChannelServiceClient.Create();
        NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel();
        channel.Enabled = true;
        channel.Name = channelName;
        var fieldMask = new FieldMask { Paths = { "enabled" } };
        channel = client.UpdateNotificationChannel(
            updateMask: fieldMask,
            notificationChannel: channel);
        Console.WriteLine("Enabled {0}.", channel.Name);
        return channel;
    }
}

Go

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	monitoring "cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3"
	"cloud.google.com/go/monitoring/apiv3/v2/monitoringpb"
	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/wrappers"
	"google.golang.org/genproto/protobuf/field_mask"
)

// enableChannel enables the given channel. channelName should be of the form
// "projects/[PROJECT_ID]/notificationChannels/[CHANNEL_ID]".
func enableChannel(w io.Writer, channelName string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	client, err := monitoring.NewNotificationChannelClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	req := &monitoringpb.UpdateNotificationChannelRequest{
		UpdateMask: &field_mask.FieldMask{Paths: []string{"enabled"}},
		NotificationChannel: &monitoringpb.NotificationChannel{
			Name:    channelName,
			Enabled: &wrappers.BoolValue{Value: true},
		},
	}

	if _, err := client.UpdateNotificationChannel(ctx, req); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("EnableNotificationChannel: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Enabled channel %q", channelName)
	return nil
}

Node.js

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const monitoring = require('@google-cloud/monitoring');

// Creates clients
const alertClient = new monitoring.AlertPolicyServiceClient();
const notificationClient = new monitoring.NotificationChannelServiceClient();

async function replaceChannels() {
  /**
   * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
   */
  // const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
  // const alertPolicyId = '123456789012314';
  // const channelIds = [
  //   'channel-1',
  //   'channel-2',
  //   'channel-3',
  // ];

  const notificationChannels = channelIds.map(id =>
    notificationClient.projectNotificationChannelPath(projectId, id)
  );

  for (const channel of notificationChannels) {
    const updateChannelRequest = {
      updateMask: {
        paths: ['enabled'],
      },
      notificationChannel: {
        name: channel,
        enabled: {
          value: true,
        },
      },
    };
    try {
      await notificationClient.updateNotificationChannel(
        updateChannelRequest
      );
    } catch (err) {
      const createChannelRequest = {
        notificationChannel: {
          name: channel,
          notificationChannel: {
            type: 'email',
          },
        },
      };
      const newChannel =
        await notificationClient.createNotificationChannel(
          createChannelRequest
        );
      notificationChannels.push(newChannel);
    }
  }

  const updateAlertPolicyRequest = {
    updateMask: {
      paths: ['notification_channels'],
    },
    alertPolicy: {
      name: alertClient.projectAlertPolicyPath(projectId, alertPolicyId),
      notificationChannels: notificationChannels,
    },
  };
  const [alertPolicy] = await alertClient.updateAlertPolicy(
    updateAlertPolicyRequest
  );
  console.log(`Updated ${alertPolicy.name}.`);
}
replaceChannels();

Java

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

private static Map<String, String> restoreNotificationChannels(
    String projectId, List<NotificationChannel> channels, boolean isSameProject)
    throws IOException {
  Map<String, String> newChannelNames = Maps.newHashMap();
  try (NotificationChannelServiceClient client = NotificationChannelServiceClient.create()) {
    for (NotificationChannel channel : channels) {
      // Update channel name if project ID is different.
      boolean channelUpdated = false;
      if (isSameProject) {
        try {
          NotificationChannel updatedChannel =
              client.updateNotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_UPDATE_MASK, channel);
          newChannelNames.put(channel.getName(), updatedChannel.getName());
          channelUpdated = true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
          channelUpdated = false;
        }
      }
      if (!channelUpdated) {
        NotificationChannel newChannel =
            client.createNotificationChannel(
                ProjectName.of(projectId),
                channel.toBuilder().clearName().clearVerificationStatus().build());
        newChannelNames.put(channel.getName(), newChannel.getName());
      }
    }
  }
  return newChannelNames;
}

PHP

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Google\ApiCore\ApiException;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\AlertPolicy;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Client\AlertPolicyServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\Client\NotificationChannelServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\CreateAlertPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\CreateNotificationChannelRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\NotificationChannel;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\NotificationChannel\VerificationStatus;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\UpdateAlertPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Monitoring\V3\UpdateNotificationChannelRequest;

/**
 * @param string $projectId Your project ID
 */
function alert_restore_policies(string $projectId): void
{
    $alertClient = new AlertPolicyServiceClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    $channelClient = new NotificationChannelServiceClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);

    print('Loading alert policies and notification channels from backup.json.' . PHP_EOL);
    $projectName = 'projects/' . $projectId;
    $record = json_decode((string) file_get_contents('backup.json'), true);
    $isSameProject = $projectName == $record['project_name'];

    # Convert dicts to AlertPolicies.
    $policies = [];
    foreach ($record['policies'] as $policyArray) {
        $policy = new AlertPolicy();
        $policy->mergeFromJsonString((string) json_encode($policyArray));
        $policies[] = $policy;
    }

    # Convert dicts to NotificationChannels
    $channels = [];
    foreach (array_filter($record['channels']) as $channelArray) {
        $channel = new NotificationChannel();
        $channel->mergeFromJsonString((string) json_encode($channelArray));
        $channels[] = $channel;
    }

    # Restore the channels.
    $channelNameMap = [];
    foreach ($channels as $channel) {
        $updated = false;
        printf('Updating channel %s' . PHP_EOL, $channel->getDisplayName());

        # This field is immutable and it is illegal to specify a
        # non-default value (UNVERIFIED or VERIFIED) in the
        # Create() or Update() operations.
        $channel->setVerificationStatus(
            VerificationStatus::VERIFICATION_STATUS_UNSPECIFIED
        );

        if ($isSameProject) {
            try {
                $updateNotificationChannelRequest = (new UpdateNotificationChannelRequest())
                    ->setNotificationChannel($channel);
                $channelClient->updateNotificationChannel($updateNotificationChannelRequest);
                $updated = true;
            } catch (ApiException $e) {
                # The channel was deleted.  Create it below.
                if ($e->getStatus() !== 'NOT_FOUND') {
                    throw $e;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$updated) {
            # The channel no longer exists.  Recreate it.
            $oldName = $channel->getName();
            $channel->setName('');
            $createNotificationChannelRequest = (new CreateNotificationChannelRequest())
                ->setName($projectName)
                ->setNotificationChannel($channel);
            $newChannel = $channelClient->createNotificationChannel($createNotificationChannelRequest);
            $channelNameMap[$oldName] = $newChannel->getName();
        }
    }

    # Restore the alerts
    foreach ($policies as $policy) {
        printf('Updating policy %s' . PHP_EOL, $policy->getDisplayName());
        # These two fields cannot be set directly, so clear them.
        $policy->clearCreationRecord();
        $policy->clearMutationRecord();

        $notificationChannels = $policy->getNotificationChannels();

        # Update old channel names with new channel names.
        foreach ($notificationChannels as $i => $channel) {
            if (isset($channelNameMap[$channel])) {
                $notificationChannels[$i] = $channelNameMap[$channel];
            }
        }

        $updated = false;
        if ($isSameProject) {
            try {
                $updateAlertPolicyRequest = (new UpdateAlertPolicyRequest())
                    ->setAlertPolicy($policy);
                $alertClient->updateAlertPolicy($updateAlertPolicyRequest);
                $updated = true;
            } catch (ApiException $e) {
                # The policy was deleted.  Create it below.
                if ($e->getStatus() !== 'NOT_FOUND') {
                    throw $e;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$updated) {
            # The policy no longer exists.  Recreate it.
            $oldName = $policy->getName();
            $policy->setName('');
            foreach ($policy->getConditions() as $condition) {
                $condition->setName('');
            }
            $createAlertPolicyRequest = (new CreateAlertPolicyRequest())
                ->setName($projectName)
                ->setAlertPolicy($policy);
            $policy = $alertClient->createAlertPolicy($createAlertPolicyRequest);
        }
        printf('Updated %s' . PHP_EOL, $policy->getName());
    }
    print('Restored alert policies and notification channels from backup.json.');
}

Python

如需向 Monitoring 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。 如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

def restore(project_name, backup_filename):
    """Restore alert policies in a project.

    Arguments:
        project_name (str): The Google Cloud Project to use. The project name
            must be in the format - 'projects/<PROJECT_NAME>'.
        backup_filename (str): Name of the file (along with its path) from
            which the alert policies will be restored.
    """
    print(
        "Loading alert policies and notification channels from {}.".format(
            backup_filename
        )
    )
    record = json.load(open(backup_filename, "rt"))
    is_same_project = project_name == record["project_name"]
    # Convert dicts to AlertPolicies.
    policies_json = [json.dumps(policy) for policy in record["policies"]]
    policies = [
        monitoring_v3.AlertPolicy.from_json(policy_json)
        for policy_json in policies_json
    ]
    # Convert dicts to NotificationChannels
    channels_json = [json.dumps(channel) for channel in record["channels"]]
    channels = [
        monitoring_v3.NotificationChannel.from_json(channel_json)
        for channel_json in channels_json
    ]

    # Restore the channels.
    channel_client = monitoring_v3.NotificationChannelServiceClient()
    channel_name_map = {}

    for channel in channels:
        updated = False
        print("Updating channel", channel.display_name)
        # This field is immutable and it is illegal to specify a
        # non-default value (UNVERIFIED or VERIFIED) in the
        # Create() or Update() operations.
        channel.verification_status = (
            monitoring_v3.NotificationChannel.VerificationStatus.VERIFICATION_STATUS_UNSPECIFIED
        )

        if is_same_project:
            try:
                channel_client.update_notification_channel(notification_channel=channel)
                updated = True
            except google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound:
                pass  # The channel was deleted.  Create it below.

        if not updated:
            # The channel no longer exists.  Recreate it.
            old_name = channel.name
            del channel.name
            new_channel = channel_client.create_notification_channel(
                name=project_name, notification_channel=channel
            )
            channel_name_map[old_name] = new_channel.name

    # Restore the alerts
    alert_client = monitoring_v3.AlertPolicyServiceClient()

    for policy in policies:
        print("Updating policy", policy.display_name)
        # These two fields cannot be set directly, so clear them.
        del policy.creation_record
        del policy.mutation_record

        # Update old channel names with new channel names.
        for i, channel in enumerate(policy.notification_channels):
            new_channel = channel_name_map.get(channel)
            if new_channel:
                policy.notification_channels[i] = new_channel

        updated = False

        if is_same_project:
            try:
                alert_client.update_alert_policy(alert_policy=policy)
                updated = True
            except google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound:
                pass  # The policy was deleted.  Create it below.
            except google.api_core.exceptions.InvalidArgument:
                # Annoying that API throws InvalidArgument when the policy
                # does not exist.  Seems like it should throw NotFound.
                pass  # The policy was deleted.  Create it below.

        if not updated:
            # The policy no longer exists.  Recreate it.
            old_name = policy.name
            del policy.name
            for condition in policy.conditions:
                del condition.name
            policy = alert_client.create_alert_policy(
                name=project_name, alert_policy=policy
            )
        print("Updated", policy.name)

查看通知渠道日志

您可以使用日志浏览器查看通知渠道错误：

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到 Logs Explorer 页面。

   前往 Logs Explorer

   如果您使用搜索栏查找此页面，请选择子标题为 Logging 的结果。

2. 输入并运行查询。对于 通知渠道错误，请参阅 Cloud Monitoring 查询。