NUMERIC 데이터 작업

Spanner는 GoogleSQL 및 PostgreSQL 데이터베이스 모두에서 NUMERIC 데이터 유형을 지원합니다.

GoogleSQL NUMERIC

GoogleSQL NUMERIC은 정밀도가 38이고 소수 자릿수가 9인 정확한 숫자 값을 나타낼 수 있는 정확한 숫자 데이터 유형입니다. 이 페이지에서는 NUMERIC이 클라이언트 라이브러리에 표시되는 방법을 간략히 설명합니다.

PostgreSQL NUMERIC

PostgreSQL NUMERIC 유형은 최대 정밀도(총 자릿수)가 147,455이고 최대 소수 자릿수(소수점 오른쪽 자릿수)가 16,383인 임의 10진수 정밀도 숫자 데이터 유형입니다.

Spanner DDL에서는 PostgreSQL NUMERIC 열의 정밀도와 소수 자릿수를 지원하지 않습니다. 하지만 DML 문에서 숫자 값을 고정 정밀도 값으로 변환할 수 있습니다. 예를 들면 다음과 같습니다.

update t1 set numeric_column = (numeric_column*0.8)::numeric(5,2);

DECIMAL 유형은 NUMERIC 별칭입니다.

기본 키, 외래 키 또는 보조 색인을 지정할 때는 PostgreSQL NUMERIC 열을 사용할 수 없습니다.

각 클라이언트 라이브러리 언어로 NUMERIC 표시

NUMERIC 값의 충실도가 유지되도록 각 Spanner 클라이언트 라이브러리는 해당 값을 클라이언트 라이브러리 언어의 적절한 데이터 유형에 저장합니다. 다음 표에서는 NUMERIC이 지원되는 각 언어로 매핑되는 데이터 유형을 보여줍니다.

언어	GoogleSQL	PostgreSQL
C++	spanner::Numeric
C#	SpannerNumeric
Go	big.Rat	커스텀 PGNumeric
자바	BigDecimal	커스텀 유형. PostgreSQL 자바 라이브러리 참고사항을 참조하세요.
Node.js	크게
PHP	커스텀 Numeric
Python	십진수	커스텀 주석이 있는 십진수
Ruby	BigDecimal

C++, C#, PHP의 세 가지 클라이언트 라이브러리는 각각 Spanner SQL의 NUMERIC 유형을 나타내는 커스텀 유형을 구현했습니다. 다른 모든 라이브러리는 기존 유형을 사용합니다.

C++ 클라이언트 라이브러리 spanner::Numeric 객체는 산술 작업을 지원하지 않습니다. 대신 포함된 숫자를 원하는 C++ 객체로 변환하세요. 예를 들어 숫자를 문자열로 추출하여 완전 충실도로 데이터 손실 없이 숫자를 나타낼 수 있습니다. 하지만 예를 들어 숫자가 std:int64_t 또는 double 범위 내에 들어간다는 것을 미리 알고 있으며 해당 유형으로 값에 액세스할 수 있습니다.

PostgreSQL 자바 라이브러리 참고사항

Spanner 자바 클라이언트 라이브러리에서는 커스텀 Value.pgNumeric 유형을 사용하여 PostgreSQL NUMERIC 값을 저장합니다.

NUMERIC 열에 쓰기

PostgreSQL 테이블의 NUMERIC 열에 쓸 때 여러 유형이 지원됩니다.

• 숫자

  INSERT INTO Table (id, PgNumericColumn) VALUES (1, 1.23)
  

• 정수

  INSERT INTO Table (id, PgNumericColumn) VALUES (1, 1)
  

• 더블

  INSERT INTO Table (id, PgNumericColumn) VALUES (1, 1.23::float8)
  

• 형식화되지 않은 리터럴

  INSERT INTO Table (id, PgNumericColumn) VALUES (1, 'NaN')
  

매개변수화된 쿼리

매개변수화된 쿼리를 사용하는 경우 $<index>로 매개변수를 지정합니다. 여기서 <index>는 매개변수 위치를 나타냅니다. 그런 다음 p<index>를 사용하여 매개변수를 바인딩해야 합니다. 예를 들어 매개변수가 있는 INSERT INTO MyTable (PgNumericColumn) VALUES ($1)는 p1이 됩니다.

Java 클라이언트 라이브러리에서는 다음 유형을 매개변수화된 값으로 지원합니다.

• 커스텀 Value.pgNumeric

  Statement
    .newBuilder("INSERT INTO MyTable (PgNumericColumn) VALUES ($1), ($2)")
    .bind("p1")
    .to(Value.pgNumeric("1.23"))
    .bind("p2")
    .to(Value.pgNumeric("NaN"))
    .build()
  

• 더블

  Statement
    .newBuilder("INSERT INTO MyTable (PgNumericColumn) VALUES ($1), ($2)")
    .bind("p1")
    .to(1.23D)
    .bind("p2")
    .to(Double.NaN)
    .build()
  

• 정수

    Statement
      .newBuilder("INSERT INTO MyTable (PgNumericColumn) VALUES ($1)")
      .bind("p1")
      .to(1)
      .build()
  

• Longs

    Statement
      .newBuilder("INSERT INTO MyTable (PgNumericColumn) VALUES ($1)")
      .bind("p1")
      .to(1L)
      .build()
  

변형

변형을 사용할 경우 다음 값을 숫자 유형 열에 쓸 수 있습니다.

• 문자열

  Mutation
    .newInsertBuilder("MyTable")
    .set("PgNumericColumn")
    .to("1.23")
    .build()
  

• BigDecimal 유형의 값

  BigDecimals

  Mutation
    .newInsertBuilder("MyTable")
    .set("PgNumericColumn")
    .to(new BigDecimal("1.23"))
    .build()
  

  Ints

  Mutation
    .newInsertBuilder("MyTable")
    .set("PgNumericColumn")
    .to(1)
    .build()
  

  Longs

  Mutation
    .newInsertBuilder("MyTable")
    .set("PgNumericColumn")
    .to(1L)
    .build()
  

• Value.pgNumeric을 호출한 결과로 얻은 값

  Mutation
    .newInsertBuilder("MyTable")
    .set("PgNumericColumn")
    .to(Value.pgNumeric("1.23"))
    .build()
  

NUMERIC 열에서 검색

ResultSet의 숫자 열에 저장된 값을 가져오려면 ResultSet.getString() 또는 ResultSet.getValue()를 사용합니다.

• 문자열

  resultSet.getString("PgNumericColumn")
  

• 커스텀 값

  Value pgNumeric = resultSet.getValue("PgNumericColumn");
  pgNumeric.getString(); // get underlying value as a String
  pgNumeric.getNumeric(); // get underlying value as a BigDecimal
  pgNumeric.getFloat64(); // get underlying value as aDouble
  

NUMERIC 열 추가

다음 샘플에서는 Spanner 클라이언트 라이브러리를 사용하여 Venues라는 테이블에 NUMERIC 열을 추가하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

C++

void AddNumericColumn(google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
                      std::string const& project_id,
                      std::string const& instance_id,
                      std::string const& database_id) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  auto metadata = client
                      .UpdateDatabaseDdl(database.FullName(), {R"""(
                        ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN Revenue NUMERIC)"""})
                      .get();
  if (!metadata) throw std::move(metadata).status();
  std::cout << "`Venues` table altered, new DDL:\n" << metadata->DebugString();
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class AddNumericColumnAsyncSample
{
    public async Task AddNumericColumnAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        string alterStatement = "ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN Revenue NUMERIC";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var updateCmd = connection.CreateDdlCommand(alterStatement);
        await updateCmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
        Console.WriteLine("Added the Revenue column.");
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/spanner/admin/database/v1"
)

func addNumericColumn(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, db string) error {
	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	op, err := adminClient.UpdateDatabaseDdl(ctx, &adminpb.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest{
		Database: db,
		Statements: []string{
			"ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN Revenue NUMERIC",
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Added Revenue column\n")
	return nil
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseAdminClient;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseName;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

class AddNumericColumnSample {

  static void addNumericColumn() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";

    addNumericColumn(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
  }

  static void addNumericColumn(String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId)
      throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .build()
            .getService();
        DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = spanner.createDatabaseAdminClient()) {
      // Wait for the operation to finish.
      // This will throw an ExecutionException if the operation fails.
      databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdlAsync(
          DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId),
          ImmutableList.of("ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN Revenue NUMERIC")).get();
      System.out.printf("Successfully added column `Revenue`%n");
    }
  }
}

참고: Java용 이전 클라이언트 라이브러리 인터페이스 코드 샘플은 GitHub에 보관처리됩니다.

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

const databaseAdminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();

const request = ['ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN Revenue NUMERIC'];

// Alter existing table to add a column.
const [operation] = await databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdl({
  database: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
    projectId,
    instanceId,
    databaseId
  ),
  statements: request,
});

console.log(`Waiting for operation on ${databaseId} to complete...`);

await operation.promise();

console.log(
  `Added Revenue column to Venues table in database ${databaseId}.`
);

참고: Node.js용 이전 클라이언트 라이브러리 인터페이스 코드 샘플은 GitHub에 보관처리됩니다.

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Client\DatabaseAdminClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest;

/**
 * Adds a NUMERIC column to a table.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * add_numeric_column($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId The Google Cloud project ID.
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function add_numeric_column(string $projectId, string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $databaseAdminClient = new DatabaseAdminClient();
    $databaseName = DatabaseAdminClient::databaseName($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);

    $request = new UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest([
        'database' => $databaseName,
        'statements' => ['ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN Revenue NUMERIC']
    ]);

    $operation = $databaseAdminClient->updateDatabaseDdl($request);

    print('Waiting for operation to complete...' . PHP_EOL);
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();

    printf('Added Revenue as a NUMERIC column in Venues table' . PHP_EOL);
}

참고: PHP용 이전 클라이언트 라이브러리 인터페이스 코드 샘플은 GitHub에 보관처리됩니다.

Python

def add_numeric_column(instance_id, database_id):
    """Adds a new NUMERIC column to the Venues table in the example database."""

    from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import \
        spanner_database_admin

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

    request = spanner_database_admin.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest(
        database=database_admin_api.database_path(
            spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
        ),
        statements=["ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN Revenue NUMERIC"],
    )

    operation = database_admin_api.update_database_ddl(request)

    print("Waiting for operation to complete...")
    operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)

    print(
        'Altered table "Venues" on database {} on instance {}.'.format(
            database_id, instance_id
        )
    )

참고: Python용 이전 클라이언트 라이브러리 인터페이스 코드 샘플은 GitHub에 보관처리됩니다.

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"
require "google/cloud/spanner/admin/database"

database_admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database.database_admin

db_path = database_admin_client.database_path project: project_id,
                                              instance: instance_id,
                                              database: database_id

job = database_admin_client.update_database_ddl database: db_path,
                                                statements: [
                                                  "ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN Revenue NUMERIC"
                                                ]

puts "Waiting for database update to complete"

job.wait_until_done!

puts "Added the Revenue as a numeric column in Venues table"

NUMERIC 데이터 업데이트

다음 샘플에서는 Spanner 클라이언트 라이브러리를 사용하여 NUMERIC 데이터를 업데이트하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

C++

void UpdateDataWithNumeric(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto insert_venues =
      spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
          "Venues", {"VenueId", "VenueName", "Revenue", "LastUpdateTime"})
          .EmplaceRow(1, "Venue 1", spanner::MakeNumeric(35000).value(),
                      spanner::CommitTimestamp())
          .EmplaceRow(6, "Venue 6", spanner::MakeNumeric(104500).value(),
                      spanner::CommitTimestamp())
          .EmplaceRow(
              14, "Venue 14",
              spanner::MakeNumeric("99999999999999999999999999999.99").value(),
              spanner::CommitTimestamp())
          .Build();

  auto commit_result = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{insert_venues});
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout
      << "Insert was successful [spanner_update_data_with_numeric_column]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using Google.Cloud.Spanner.V1;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class UpdateDataWithNumericAsyncSample
{
    public class Venue
    {
        public int VenueId { get; set; }
        public SpannerNumeric Revenue { get; set; }
    }

    public async Task<int> UpdateDataWithNumericAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        List<Venue> venues = new List<Venue>
        {
            new Venue { VenueId = 4, Revenue = SpannerNumeric.Parse("35000") },
            new Venue { VenueId = 19, Revenue = SpannerNumeric.Parse("104500") },
            new Venue { VenueId = 42, Revenue = SpannerNumeric.Parse("99999999999999999999999999999.99") },
        };
        // Create connection to Cloud Spanner.
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        var affectedRows = await Task.WhenAll(venues.Select(venue =>
        {
            // Update rows in the Venues table.
            using var cmd = connection.CreateUpdateCommand("Venues", new SpannerParameterCollection
            {
                { "VenueId", SpannerDbType.Int64, venue.VenueId },
                { "Revenue", SpannerDbType.Numeric, venue.Revenue }
            });
            return cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
        }));

        Console.WriteLine("Data updated.");
        return affectedRows.Sum();
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func updateDataWithNumericColumn(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	cols := []string{"VenueId", "Revenue"}
	_, err = client.Apply(ctx, []*spanner.Mutation{
		spanner.Update("Venues", cols, []interface{}{4, "35000"}),
		spanner.Update("Venues", cols, []interface{}{19, "104500"}),
		spanner.Update("Venues", cols, []interface{}{42, "99999999999999999999999999999.99"}),
	})
	return err
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Mutation;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

class UpdateNumericDataSample {

  static void updateNumericData() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";

    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService()) {
      DatabaseClient client =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
      updateNumericData(client);
    }
  }

  static void updateNumericData(DatabaseClient client) {
    client.write(
        ImmutableList.of(
            Mutation.newInsertOrUpdateBuilder("Venues")
                .set("VenueId")
                .to(4L)
                .set("Revenue")
                .to(new BigDecimal("35000"))
                .build(),
            Mutation.newInsertOrUpdateBuilder("Venues")
                .set("VenueId")
                .to(19L)
                .set("Revenue")
                .to(new BigDecimal("104500"))
                .build(),
            Mutation.newInsertOrUpdateBuilder("Venues")
                .set("VenueId")
                .to(42L)
                .set("Revenue")
                .to(new BigDecimal("99999999999999999999999999999.99"))
                .build()));
    System.out.println("Venues successfully updated");
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client.
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database.
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

// Instantiate Spanner table objects.
const venuesTable = database.table('Venues');

const data = [
  {
    VenueId: '4',
    Revenue: Spanner.numeric('35000'),
    LastUpdateTime: 'spanner.commit_timestamp()',
  },
  {
    VenueId: '19',
    Revenue: Spanner.numeric('104500'),
    LastUpdateTime: 'spanner.commit_timestamp()',
  },
  {
    VenueId: '42',
    Revenue: Spanner.numeric('99999999999999999999999999999.99'),
    LastUpdateTime: 'spanner.commit_timestamp()',
  },
];

// Updates rows in the Venues table.
try {
  await venuesTable.update(data);
  console.log('Updated data.');
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  database.close();
}

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Updates sample data in a table with a NUMERIC column.
 *
 * Before executing this method, a new column Revenue has to be added to the Venues
 * table by applying the DDL statement "ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN Revenue NUMERIC".
 *
 * Example:
 * ```
 * update_data_with_numeric_column($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function update_data_with_numeric_column(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $database->transaction(['singleUse' => true])
        ->updateBatch('Venues', [
            ['VenueId' => 4, 'Revenue' => $spanner->numeric('35000')],
            ['VenueId' => 19, 'Revenue' => $spanner->numeric('104500')],
            ['VenueId' => 42, 'Revenue' => $spanner->numeric('99999999999999999999999999999.99')],
        ])
        ->commit();

    print('Updated data.' . PHP_EOL);
}

Python

def update_data_with_numeric(instance_id, database_id):
    """Updates Venues tables in the database with the NUMERIC
    column.

    This updates the `Revenue` column which must be created before
    running this sample. You can add the column by running the
    `add_numeric_column` sample or by running this DDL statement
     against your database:

        ALTER TABLE Venues ADD COLUMN Revenue NUMERIC
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)

    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.batch() as batch:
        batch.update(
            table="Venues",
            columns=("VenueId", "Revenue"),
            values=[
                (4, decimal.Decimal("35000")),
                (19, decimal.Decimal("104500")),
                (42, decimal.Decimal("99999999999999999999999999999.99")),
            ],
        )

    print("Updated data.")

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

client.commit do |c|
  c.update "Venues", [
    { VenueId: 4, Revenue: "35000" },
    { VenueId: 19, Revenue: "104500" },
    { VenueId: 42, Revenue: "99999999999999999999999999999.99" }
  ]
end

puts "Updated data"

NUMERIC 데이터 쿼리

다음 샘플에서는 Spanner 클라이언트 라이브러리를 사용하여 NUMERIC 데이터를 쿼리하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

C++

void QueryWithNumericParameter(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  auto revenue = spanner::MakeNumeric(100000).value();
  spanner::SqlStatement select(
      "SELECT VenueId, Revenue"
      "  FROM Venues"
      " WHERE Revenue < @revenue",
      {{"revenue", spanner::Value(std::move(revenue))}});
  using RowType = std::tuple<std::int64_t, absl::optional<spanner::Numeric>>;

  auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(select));
  for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "VenueId: " << std::get<0>(*row) << "\t";
    auto revenue = std::get<1>(*row).value();
    std::cout << "Revenue: " << revenue.ToString()
              << " (d.16=" << std::setprecision(16)
              << spanner::ToDouble(revenue)
              << ", i*10^2=" << spanner::ToInteger<int>(revenue, 2).value()
              << ")\n";
  }
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using Google.Cloud.Spanner.V1;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class QueryDataWithNumericParameterAsyncSample
{
    public class Venue
    {
        public int VenueId { get; set; }
        public SpannerNumeric Revenue { get; set; }
    }

    public async Task<List<Venue>> QueryDataWithNumericParameterAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var cmd = connection.CreateSelectCommand(
            "SELECT VenueId, Revenue FROM Venues WHERE Revenue < @maxRevenue",
            new SpannerParameterCollection
            {
                { "maxRevenue", SpannerDbType.Numeric, SpannerNumeric.Parse("100000") }
            });

        var venues = new List<Venue>();
        using var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            venues.Add(new Venue
            {
                VenueId = reader.GetFieldValue<int>("VenueId"),
                Revenue = reader.GetFieldValue<SpannerNumeric>("Revenue")
            });
        }
        return venues;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math/big"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func queryWithNumericParameter(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	stmt := spanner.Statement{
		SQL: `SELECT VenueId, Revenue FROM Venues WHERE Revenue < @revenue`,
		Params: map[string]interface{}{
			"revenue": big.NewRat(100000, 1),
		},
	}
	iter := client.Single().Query(ctx, stmt)
	defer iter.Stop()
	for {
		row, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		var venueID int64
		var revenue big.Rat
		if err := row.Columns(&venueID, &revenue); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v %v\n", venueID, revenue)
	}
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

class QueryWithNumericParameterSample {

  static void queryWithNumericParameter() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";

    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService()) {
      DatabaseClient client =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
      queryWithNumericParameter(client);
    }
  }

  static void queryWithNumericParameter(DatabaseClient client) {
    Statement statement =
        Statement.newBuilder(
                "SELECT VenueId, Revenue FROM Venues WHERE Revenue < @numeric")
            .bind("numeric")
            .to(new BigDecimal("100000"))
            .build();
    try (ResultSet resultSet = client.singleUse().executeQuery(statement)) {
      while (resultSet.next()) {
        System.out.printf(
            "%d %s%n", resultSet.getLong("VenueId"), resultSet.getBigDecimal("Revenue"));
      }
    }
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database.
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

const fieldType = {
  type: 'numeric',
};

const exampleNumeric = Spanner.numeric('100000');

const query = {
  sql: `SELECT VenueId, VenueName, Revenue FROM Venues
          WHERE Revenue < @revenue`,
  params: {
    revenue: exampleNumeric,
  },
  types: {
    revenue: fieldType,
  },
};

// Queries rows from the Venues table.
try {
  const [rows] = await database.run(query);

  rows.forEach(row => {
    const json = row.toJSON();
    console.log(`VenueId: ${json.VenueId}, Revenue: ${json.Revenue.value}`);
  });
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  database.close();
}

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Database;

/**
 * Queries sample data from the database using SQL with a NUMERIC parameter.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * query_data_with_numeric_parameter($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function query_data_with_numeric_parameter(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $exampleNumeric = $spanner->numeric('100000');

    $results = $database->execute(
        'SELECT VenueId, Revenue FROM Venues ' .
        'WHERE Revenue < @revenue',
        [
            'parameters' => [
                'revenue' => $exampleNumeric
            ]
        ]
    );

    foreach ($results as $row) {
        printf('VenueId: %s, Revenue: %s' . PHP_EOL,
            $row['VenueId'], $row['Revenue']);
    }
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"
spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

example_numeric = decimal.Decimal("100000")
param = {"revenue": example_numeric}
param_type = {"revenue": param_types.NUMERIC}

with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
    results = snapshot.execute_sql(
        "SELECT VenueId, Revenue FROM Venues " "WHERE Revenue < @revenue",
        params=param,
        param_types=param_type,
    )

    for row in results:
        print("VenueId: {}, Revenue: {}".format(*row))

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"
require "bigdecimal"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

sql_query = "SELECT VenueId, Revenue FROM Venues WHERE Revenue < @revenue"

params      = { revenue: BigDecimal("100000") }
param_types = { revenue: :NUMERIC }

client.execute(sql_query, params: params, types: param_types).rows.each do |row|
  puts "#{row[:VenueId]} #{row[:Revenue]}"
end

NUMERIC은 자바 BigDecimal 유형을 사용하는 Spanner JDBC 드라이버에서 지원됩니다. NUMERIC 사용 방법에 대한 예시는 GoogleSQL 언어 데이터베이스에 JDBC 연결의 코드 샘플을 참조하세요.

클라이언트 라이브러리나 드라이버를 만들 때 NUMERIC 처리

NUMERIC 유형은 google.protobuf.Value proto에서 10진수 또는 과학 표기법의 문자열로 인코딩됩니다. 이 proto는 읽기 또는 작성 여부에 따라 ResultSet, PartialResultSet 또는 Mutation으로 래핑됩니다. ResultSetMetadata는 NUMERIC TypeCode를 사용하여 해당 값을 NUMERIC으로 읽어야 함을 나타냅니다.

생성한 클라이언트 라이브러리 또는 드라이버에서 NUMERIC으로 작업할 때는 다음 안내를 따르세요.

• ResultSet에서 NUMERIC을 읽으려면 다음 안내를 따르세요.

  1. TypeCode가 NUMERIC인 경우 google.protobuf.Value proto에서 string_value를 읽습니다.

  2. 문자열을 지정된 언어의 관련 유형으로 변환합니다.

• Mutation을 사용하여 NUMERIC을 작성하려면 관련 유형이 주어졌을 때 google.protobuf.Value proto에서 string_value로 문자열 표현을 사용합니다.