Cloud Spanner Client Libraries

This page shows how to get started with the Cloud Client Libraries for the Cloud Spanner API. Read more about the client libraries for Cloud APIs, including the older Google APIs Client Libraries, in Client Libraries Explained.

The Cloud Spanner client libraries mentioned on this page are supported on Compute Engine, App Engine flexible environment, Google Kubernetes Engine, and Cloud Functions. The Cloud Spanner client library for Java is supported on App Engine standard environment with Java 8.

If you are using the App Engine standard environment with Go, PHP, or Python, use the REST interface to access Cloud Spanner.

Installing the client library

C++

See the GitHub quickstart documents for details about this client library's requirements and install dependencies.

C#

For more information, see Setting Up a C# Development Environment.

To install the Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data client library in Visual Studio, do the following:

Right-click your solution in Visual Studio and select Manage Nuget packages for solution.
Select the Include prerelease checkbox.
Search for and install the package named Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data.

Go

For more information, see Setting Up a Go Development Environment.

go get -u cloud.google.com/go/spanner/...

Java

For more information, see Setting Up a Java Development Environment.

Maven을 사용할 경우 pom.xml 파일에 다음을 추가합니다.

<dependencyManagement>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>libraries-bom</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.0</version>
      <type>pom</type>
      <scope>import</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>google-cloud-spanner</artifactId>
  </dependency>

Gradle을 사용할 경우 종속 항목에 다음을 추가합니다.

compile 'com.google.cloud:google-cloud-spanner:1.54.0'

sbt를 사용할 경우 종속 항목에 다음을 추가합니다.

libraryDependencies += "com.google.cloud" % "google-cloud-spanner" % "1.54.0"

IntelliJ 또는 Eclipse를 사용하는 경우 다음 IDE 플러그인을 사용하여 클라이언트 라이브러리를 프로젝트에 추가할 수 있습니다.

이 플러그인은 서비스 계정의 키 관리와 같은 추가 기능을 제공합니다. 자세한 내용은 각 플러그인의 문서를 참조하세요.

Node.js

For more information, see Setting Up a Node.js Development Environment.

npm install --save @google-cloud/spanner

PHP

For more information, see Using PHP on Google Cloud.

composer require google/cloud-spanner

Python

For more information, see Setting Up a Python Development Environment.

pip install --upgrade google-cloud-spanner

Ruby

For more information, see Setting Up a Ruby Development Environment.

gem install google-cloud-spanner

Setting up authentication

To run the client library, you must first set up authentication by creating a service account and setting an environment variable. Complete the following steps to set up authentication. For other ways to authenticate, see the GCP authentication documentation.

Cloud Console

Cloud Console에서 서비스 계정 키 만들기 페이지로 이동합니다.
서비스 계정 키 만들기 페이지로 이동
서비스 계정 목록에서 새 서비스 계정을 선택합니다.
서비스 계정 이름 필드에 이름을 입력합니다.
역할 목록에서 프로젝트 > 소유자를 선택합니다.

참고: 역할 필드가 리소스에 액세스할 수 있도록 서비스 계정을 승인합니다. 나중에 Cloud Console을 사용하여 이 필드를 보고 변경할 수 있습니다. 프로덕션 애플리케이션을 개발하는 경우 프로젝트 > 소유자보다 세부적인 권한을 지정합니다. 자세한 내용은 서비스 계정에 역할 부여를 참조하세요.
만들기를 클릭합니다. 키가 포함된 JSON 파일이 컴퓨터에 다운로드됩니다.

명령줄

로컬 머신 또는 Cloud Shell에서 Cloud SDK를 사용하여 다음 명령어를 실행할 수 있습니다.

서비스 계정을 만듭니다. [NAME]을 서비스 계정의 이름으로 바꿉니다.
```
gcloud iam service-accounts create [NAME]
```
서비스 계정에 권한을 부여합니다. [PROJECT_ID]를 프로젝트 ID로 바꿉니다.
```
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding [PROJECT_ID] --member "serviceAccount:[NAME]@[PROJECT_ID].iam.gserviceaccount.com" --role "roles/owner"
```
참고: 역할 필드가 리소스에 액세스할 수 있도록 서비스 계정을 승인합니다. 이 필드는 나중에 Cloud Console을 사용하여 보고 변경할 수 있습니다. 프로덕션 애플리케이션을 개발하는 경우 프로젝트 > 소유자보다 세부적인 권한을 지정합니다. 자세한 내용은 서비스 계정에 역할 부여를 참조하세요.

키 파일을 생성합니다. [FILE_NAME]을 키 파일의 이름으로 바꿉니다.

gcloud iam service-accounts keys create [FILE_NAME].json --iam-account [NAME]@[PROJECT_ID].iam.gserviceaccount.com

환경 변수 GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS를 설정하여 애플리케이션 코드에 사용자 인증 정보를 제공합니다. [PATH]를 서비스 계정 키가 포함된 JSON 파일의 파일 경로로 바꾸고, [FILE_NAME]을 파일 이름으로 바꿉니다. 이 변수는 현재 셸 세션에만 적용되므로 새 세션을 연 경우 변수를 다시 설정합니다.

Linux 또는 macOS

export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="[PATH]"

예:

export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/home/user/Downloads/[FILE_NAME].json"

Windows

PowerShell:

$env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="[PATH]"

예를 들면 다음과 같습니다.

$env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="C:\Users\username\Downloads\[FILE_NAME].json"

명령 프롬프트:

set GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=[PATH]

Using the client library

The following example shows how to use the client library.

C++

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#include "google/cloud/spanner/client.h"
void Quickstart(std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
                std::string const& database_id) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  auto database = spanner::Database(project_id, instance_id, database_id);
  auto connection = spanner::MakeConnection(database);
  auto client = spanner::Client(connection);

  auto rows =
      client.ExecuteQuery(spanner::SqlStatement("SELECT 'Hello World'"));

  using RowType = std::tuple<std::string>;
  for (auto const& row : spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::runtime_error(row.status().message());
    std::cout << std::get<0>(*row) << "\n";
  }
}

C#

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using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace GoogleCloudSamples.Spanner
{
    public class QuickStart
    {
        static async Task MainAsync()
        {
            string projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID";
            string instanceId = "my-instance";
            string databaseId = "my-database";
            string connectionString =
                $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/"
                + $"databases/{databaseId}";
            // Create connection to Cloud Spanner.
            using (var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString))
            {
                // Execute a simple SQL statement.
                var cmd = connection.CreateSelectCommand(
                    @"SELECT ""Hello World"" as test");
                using (var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync())
                {
                    while (await reader.ReadAsync())
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(
                            reader.GetFieldValue<string>("test"));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            MainAsync().Wait();
        }
    }
}

Go

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// Sample spanner_quickstart is a basic program that uses Cloud Spanner.
package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func main() {
	ctx := context.Background()

	// This database must exist.
	databaseName := "projects/your-project-id/instances/your-instance-id/databases/your-database-id"

	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, databaseName)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to create client %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	stmt := spanner.Statement{SQL: "SELECT 1"}
	iter := client.Single().Query(ctx, stmt)
	defer iter.Stop()

	for {
		row, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			fmt.Println("Done")
			return
		}
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatalf("Query failed with %v", err)
		}

		var i int64
		if row.Columns(&i) != nil {
			log.Fatalf("Failed to parse row %v", err)
		}
		fmt.Printf("Got value %v\n", i)
	}
}

Java

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// Imports the Google Cloud client library
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;

/**
 * A quick start code for Cloud Spanner. It demonstrates how to setup the Cloud Spanner client and
 * execute a simple query using it against an existing database.
 */
public class QuickstartSample {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {

    if (args.length != 2) {
      System.err.println("Usage: QuickStartSample <instance_id> <database_id>");
      return;
    }
    // Instantiates a client
    SpannerOptions options = SpannerOptions.newBuilder().build();
    Spanner spanner = options.getService();

    // Name of your instance & database.
    String instanceId = args[0];
    String databaseId = args[1];
    try {
      // Creates a database client
      DatabaseClient dbClient =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(options.getProjectId(), instanceId, databaseId));
      // Queries the database
      ResultSet resultSet = dbClient.singleUse().executeQuery(Statement.of("SELECT 1"));

      System.out.println("\n\nResults:");
      // Prints the results
      while (resultSet.next()) {
        System.out.printf("%d\n\n", resultSet.getLong(0));
      }
    } finally {
      // Closes the client which will free up the resources used
      spanner.close();
    }
  }
}

Node.js

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// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({projectId});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

// The query to execute
const query = {
  sql: 'SELECT 1',
};

// Execute a simple SQL statement
const [rows] = await database.run(query);
console.log(`Query: ${rows.length} found.`);
rows.forEach(row => console.log(row));

PHP

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# Includes the autoloader for libraries installed with composer
require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

# Imports the Google Cloud client library
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

# Your Google Cloud Platform project ID
$projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';

# Instantiates a client
$spanner = new SpannerClient([
    'projectId' => $projectId
]);

# Your Cloud Spanner instance ID.
$instanceId = 'your-instance-id';

# Get a Cloud Spanner instance by ID.
$instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);

# Your Cloud Spanner database ID.
$databaseId = 'your-database-id';

# Get a Cloud Spanner database by ID.
$database = $instance->database($databaseId);

# Execute a simple SQL statement.
$results = $database->execute('SELECT "Hello World" as test');

foreach ($results as $row) {
    print($row['test'] . PHP_EOL);
}

Python

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# Imports the Google Cloud Client Library.
from google.cloud import spanner

# Instantiate a client.
spanner_client = spanner.Client()

# Your Cloud Spanner instance ID.
instance_id = 'my-instance-id'

# Get a Cloud Spanner instance by ID.
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)

# Your Cloud Spanner database ID.
database_id = 'my-database-id'

# Get a Cloud Spanner database by ID.
database = instance.database(database_id)

# Execute a simple SQL statement.
with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
    results = snapshot.execute_sql('SELECT 1')

    for row in results:
        print(row)

Ruby

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# Imports the Google Cloud client library
require "google/cloud/spanner"

# Your Google Cloud Platform project ID
project_id = "YOUR_PROJECT_ID"

# Instantiates a client
spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id

# Your Cloud Spanner instance ID
instance_id = "my-instance"

# Your Cloud Spanner database ID
database_id = "my-database"

# Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance database
database_client = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

# Execute a simple SQL statement
database_client.transaction do |transaction|
  results = transaction.execute "SELECT 1"

  results.rows.each do |row|
    puts row
  end
end

Additional resources

C++

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

Additional client libraries

In addition to the libraries shown above, a Spring Data module is available for Java applications. Spring Data Cloud Spanner helps you use Cloud Spanner in any application that's built with the Spring Framework.

To get started, learn how to add Spring Data Cloud Spanner to your application.