フィールド アクセス、配列サブスクライバー演算子、IS NOT NULL を使用して、鍵の存在条件を構築します。フィールド アクセス演算子と配列添字演算子は、JSON ドキュメントのパスを表します。IS NOT NULL は、そのパスが存在するかどうかを確認します(doc.sub.path[@index].key IS NOT NULL など)。
検索インデックス(JSON および JSONB の検索インデックスを含む)は、読み取り専用トランザクションでのみ使用されます。Spanner は、読み取り / 書き込みトランザクションで関連するセカンダリ インデックスを使用する場合があります。読み取り / 書き込みトランザクションで検索インデックスの使用を強制しようとすると、次のエラーが発生します。ERROR: spanner: code = "InvalidArgument", desc = "The search index
AlbumsIndex cannot be used in transactional queries by default."
[[["わかりやすい","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["問題の解決に役立った","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["その他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["わかりにくい","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["情報またはサンプルコードが不正確","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["必要な情報 / サンプルがない","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻訳に関する問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["その他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最終更新日 2025-08-30 UTC。"],[],[],null,["# JSON search indexes\n\n| **Note:** This feature is available with the Spanner Enterprise edition and Enterprise Plus edition. For more information, see the [Spanner editions overview](/spanner/docs/editions-overview).\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nIn addition to indexing text, the Spanner [search index](/spanner/docs/full-text-search/search-indexes)\nprovides an efficient way to index and query JSON and JSONB documents. Use\nsearch indexes for standalone JSON and JSONB queries, or to augment other\n[full-text search](/spanner/docs/full-text-search) queries.\n\nFor more information, see [Index JSON data](/spanner/docs/working-with-json#index) and\n[Index JSONB data](/spanner/docs/working-with-jsonb#index).\n\nTokenize JSON and JSONB\n-----------------------\n\nYou can use the `TOKENIZE_JSON` function to create a JSON index in\nGoogleSQL, or the `TOKENIZE_JSONB` function to create a JSONB index in\nPostgreSQL. For details, see [`TOKENIZE_JSON`](/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/search_functions#tokenize_json)\nand [`TOKENIZE_JSONB`](/spanner/docs/reference/postgresql/functions-and-operators#indexing).\n\nJSON and JSONB queries\n----------------------\n\nYou can use a search index to accelerate queries that include\n*JSON containment* and *key existence* conditions. JSON containment determines\nif one JSON document is contained within another. Key existence determines if a\nkey exists in the database schema.\n\n- In GoogleSQL:\n\n - Express JSON containment in your schema by using the [`JSON_CONTAINS`](/spanner/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_contains) function.\n - Construct key existence conditions using the field access, array subscript operators, and `IS NOT NULL`. The field access and array subscript operators describe a JSON document path. `IS NOT NULL` checks for the existence of this path (for example, `doc.sub.path[@index].key IS NOT NULL`).\n- In PostgreSQL:\n\n - Express JSONB containment using the `@\u003e` and `\u003c@` operators. For more information, see [JSONB operators](/spanner/docs/reference/postgresql/functions-and-operators#jsonb_operators).\n - Construct key existence conditions using the `?`, `?|`, and `?&` operators. For more information, see [JSONB operators](/spanner/docs/reference/postgresql/functions-and-operators#jsonb_operators).\n\nIn your queries, you can include multiple JSON conditions of any type in the\nsearch index. You can also include the JSON conditions in a logical combination\nusing `AND`, `OR`, and `NOT`.\n\n### Check search index usage\n\nTo check that that your query uses a search index, look for a\n*Search index scan* node in the [query execution plan](/spanner/docs/query-execution-plans).\n\nRestrictions\n------------\n\n- Search indexes, including JSON and JSONB search indexes, are used only in read-only transactions. Spanner might use relevant secondary indexes in a read-write transaction. If you attempt to force the use of a search index in a read-write transaction, the following error occurs: `ERROR: spanner: code = \"InvalidArgument\", desc = \"The search index\n AlbumsIndex cannot be used in transactional queries by default.\"`\n- Attempts to store certain large or very complex JSON documents in a search index might return a `too many search token bytes` error. The output token size from this JSON document must be smaller than 10 MB. If you don't need the entire document to be searchable, consider extracting a smaller subset of the document (for example, by using a generated column) and searching over the column instead.\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- Learn about [tokenization and tokenizers](/spanner/docs/full-text-search/tokenization).\n- Learn about [search indexes](/spanner/docs/full-text-search/search-indexes).\n- Learn about [indexing JSON data](/spanner/docs/working-with-json#index).\n- Learn about [indexing JSONB data](/spanner/docs/working-with-jsonb#index)."]]