Menyisipkan, memperbarui, dan menghapus data menggunakan bahasa manipulasi data (DML)

Halaman ini menjelaskan cara menyisipkan, memperbarui, dan menghapus data Spanner menggunakan pernyataan Bahasa Pengolahan Data (DML). Anda dapat menjalankan pernyataan DML menggunakan library klien, konsol Google Cloud, dan alat command line gcloud. Anda dapat menjalankan pernyataan DML yang Dipartisi menggunakan library klien dan alat command line gcloud.

Untuk referensi sintaksis DML lengkap, lihat Sintaksis Bahasa Pemrosesan Data untuk database dialek GoogleSQL atau Bahasa pemrosesan data PostgreSQL untuk database dialek PostgreSQL

Catatan: Untuk menjelajahi Spanner menggunakan instance uji coba gratis selama 90 hari, lihat Membuat instance uji coba gratis Spanner.

Menggunakan DML

DML mendukung pernyataan INSERT, UPDATE, dan DELETE di konsol Google Cloud, Google Cloud CLI, dan library klien.

Mengunci

Anda menjalankan pernyataan DML di dalam transaksi baca-tulis. Saat membaca data, Spanner akan memperoleh kunci baca bersama pada bagian terbatas dari rentang baris yang Anda baca. Secara khusus, API ini memperoleh kunci ini hanya pada kolom yang Anda akses. Kunci dapat menyertakan data yang tidak memenuhi kondisi filter klausa WHERE.

Saat mengubah data menggunakan pernyataan DML, Spanner akan memperoleh kunci eksklusif pada data tertentu yang Anda ubah. Selain itu, metode ini memperoleh kunci bersama dengan cara yang sama seperti saat Anda membaca data. Jika permintaan Anda menyertakan rentang baris yang besar, atau seluruh tabel, kunci bersama dapat mencegah transaksi lain melakukan progres secara paralel.

Untuk mengubah data seefisien mungkin, gunakan klausa WHERE yang memungkinkan Spanner hanya membaca baris yang diperlukan. Anda dapat mencapai sasaran ini dengan filter pada kunci utama, atau pada kunci indeks sekunder. Klausa WHERE membatasi cakupan kunci bersama dan memungkinkan Spanner memproses pembaruan secara lebih efisien.

Misalnya, salah satu musisi di tabel Singers mengubah nama depannya, dan Anda perlu memperbarui nama tersebut di database. Anda dapat menjalankan pernyataan DML berikut, tetapi tindakan ini akan memaksa Spanner memindai seluruh tabel dan memperoleh kunci bersama yang mencakup seluruh tabel. Akibatnya, Spanner harus membaca lebih banyak data daripada yang diperlukan, dan transaksi serentak tidak dapat mengubah data secara paralel:

-- ANTI-PATTERN: SENDING AN UPDATE WITHOUT THE PRIMARY KEY COLUMN
-- IN THE WHERE CLAUSE

UPDATE Singers SET FirstName = "Marcel"
WHERE FirstName = "Marc" AND LastName = "Richards";

Agar pembaruan lebih efisien, sertakan kolom SingerId dalam klausa WHERE. Kolom SingerId adalah satu-satunya kolom kunci utama untuk tabel Singers:

-- ANTI-PATTERN: SENDING AN UPDATE THAT MUST SCAN THE ENTIRE TABLE

UPDATE Singers SET FirstName = "Marcel"
WHERE FirstName = "Marc" AND LastName = "Richards"

Jika tidak ada indeks di FirstName atau LastName, Anda harus memindai seluruh tabel untuk menemukan penyanyi target. Jika Anda tidak ingin menambahkan indeks sekunder untuk membuat pembaruan lebih efisien, sertakan kolom SingerId dalam klausa WHERE.

Kolom SingerId adalah satu-satunya kolom kunci utama untuk tabel Singers. Untuk menemukannya, jalankan SELECT dalam transaksi hanya baca terpisah sebelum transaksi update:

  SELECT SingerId
  FROM Singers
  WHERE FirstName = "Marc" AND LastName = "Richards"

  -- Recommended: Including a seekable filter in the where clause

  UPDATE Singers SET FirstName = "Marcel"
  WHERE SingerId = 1;

Serentak

Spanner secara berurutan mengeksekusi semua pernyataan SQL (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, dan DELETE) dalam transaksi. Perintah tersebut tidak dijalankan secara serentak. Satu-satunya pengecualian adalah Spanner mungkin menjalankan beberapa pernyataan SELECT secara serentak, karena merupakan operasi hanya baca.

Batas transaksi

Transaksi yang menyertakan pernyataan DML memiliki batas yang sama dengan transaksi lainnya. Jika Anda memiliki perubahan skala besar, pertimbangkan untuk menggunakan DML Partisi.

• Jika pernyataan DML dalam transaksi menghasilkan lebih dari 80.000 mutasi, pernyataan DML yang mendorong transaksi melebihi batas akan menampilkan error BadUsage dengan pesan tentang terlalu banyak mutasi.

• Jika pernyataan DML dalam transaksi menghasilkan transaksi yang lebih besar dari 100 MB, pernyataan DML yang mendorong transaksi melebihi batas akan menampilkan error BadUsage dengan pesan tentang transaksi yang melebihi batas ukuran.

Mutasi yang dilakukan menggunakan DML tidak ditampilkan ke klien. File tersebut digabungkan ke dalam permintaan commit saat di-commit, dan dihitung dalam batas ukuran maksimum. Meskipun ukuran permintaan commit yang Anda kirim kecil, transaksi mungkin masih melebihi batas ukuran yang diizinkan.

Menjalankan pernyataan di konsol Google Cloud

Catatan: Spanner Studio (sebelumnya diberi label Kueri di konsol Google Cloud) mendukung operasi SQL, DML, dan DDL dalam satu editor. Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya, lihat Mengelola data menggunakan Konsol Google Cloud.

Gunakan langkah-langkah berikut untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML di konsol Google Cloud.

1. Buka halaman Instance Spanner.

   Buka halaman instance

2. Pilih project Anda di menu drop-down di toolbar.

3. Klik nama instance yang berisi database Anda untuk membuka halaman Detail instance.

4. Di tab Ringkasan, klik nama database Anda. Halaman Database details akan muncul.

5. Klik Spanner Studio.

6. Masukkan pernyataan DML. Misalnya, pernyataan berikut menambahkan baris baru ke tabel Singers.

   INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)
   VALUES (1, 'Marc', 'Richards')
   

7. Klik Run query. Konsol Google Cloud akan menampilkan hasilnya.

Catatan: Saat Anda mengklik Run query, transaksi akan otomatis di-commit.

Menjalankan pernyataan dengan Google Cloud CLI

Untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML, gunakan perintah gcloud spanner databases execute-sql. Contoh berikut menambahkan baris baru ke tabel Singers.

gcloud spanner databases execute-sql example-db --instance=test-instance \
    --sql="INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES (1, 'Marc', 'Richards')"

Mengubah data menggunakan library klien

Untuk menjalankan pernyataan DML menggunakan library klien:

• Buat transaksi baca-tulis.
• Panggil metode library klien untuk eksekusi DML dan teruskan pernyataan DML.
• Gunakan nilai hasil metode eksekusi DML untuk mendapatkan jumlah baris yang disisipkan, diperbarui, atau dihapus.

Contoh kode berikut menyisipkan baris baru ke dalam tabel Singers.

C++

Anda menggunakan fungsi ExecuteDml() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML.

void DmlStandardInsert(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  std::int64_t rows_inserted;
  auto commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client, &rows_inserted](
          spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto insert = client.ExecuteDml(
            std::move(txn),
            spanner::SqlStatement(
                "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)"
                "  VALUES (10, 'Virginia', 'Watson')"));
        if (!insert) return std::move(insert).status();
        rows_inserted = insert->RowsModified();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Rows inserted: " << rows_inserted;
  std::cout << "Insert was successful [spanner_dml_standard_insert]\n";
}

C#

Anda menggunakan metode ExecuteNonQueryAsync() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML.

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class InsertUsingDmlCoreAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> InsertUsingDmlCoreAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES (10, 'Virginia', 'Watson')");
        int rowCount = await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();

        Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) inserted...");
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

Anda menggunakan metode Update() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func insertUsingDML(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)
					VALUES (10, 'Virginia', 'Watson')`,
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) inserted.\n", rowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

Anda menggunakan metode executeUpdate() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML.

static void insertUsingDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(transaction -> {
        String sql =
            "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) "
                + " VALUES (10, 'Virginia', 'Watson')";
        long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
        System.out.printf("%d record inserted.\n", rowCount);
        return null;
      });
}

Node.js

Anda menggunakan metode runUpdate() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML.

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  try {
    const [rowCount] = await transaction.runUpdate({
      sql: 'INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES (10, @firstName, @lastName)',
      params: {
        firstName: 'Virginia',
        lastName: 'Watson',
      },
    });

    console.log(
      `Successfully inserted ${rowCount} record into the Singers table.`
    );

    await transaction.commit();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  } finally {
    // Close the database when finished.
    database.close();
  }
});

PHP

Anda menggunakan metode executeUpdate() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML.

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Transaction;

/**
 * Inserts sample data into the given database with a DML statement.
 *
 * The database and table must already exist and can be created using
 * `create_database`.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * insert_data($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function insert_data_with_dml(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $database->runTransaction(function (Transaction $t) {
        $rowCount = $t->executeUpdate(
            'INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) '
            . " VALUES (10, 'Virginia', 'Watson')");
        $t->commit();
        printf('Inserted %d row(s).' . PHP_EOL, $rowCount);
    });
}

Python

Anda menggunakan metode execute_update() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML.

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

def insert_singers(transaction):
    row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
        "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) "
        " VALUES (10, 'Virginia', 'Watson')"
    )

    print("{} record(s) inserted.".format(row_ct))

database.run_in_transaction(insert_singers)

Ruby

Anda menggunakan metode execute_update() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML.

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner   = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client    = spanner.client instance_id, database_id
row_count = 0

client.transaction do |transaction|
  row_count = transaction.execute_update(
    "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES (10, 'Virginia', 'Watson')"
  )
end

puts "#{row_count} record inserted."

Contoh kode berikut memperbarui kolom MarketingBudget dari tabel Albums berdasarkan klausa WHERE.

C++

void DmlStandardUpdate(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client](spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto update = client.ExecuteDml(
            std::move(txn),
            spanner::SqlStatement(
                "UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2"
                "  WHERE SingerId = 1 AND AlbumId = 1"));
        if (!update) return std::move(update).status();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Update was successful [spanner_dml_standard_update]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class UpdateUsingDmlCoreAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> UpdateUsingDmlCoreAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1");
        int rowCount = await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();

        Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) updated...");
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func updateUsingDML(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `UPDATE Albums
				SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
				WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1`,
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) updated.\n", rowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

static void updateUsingDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(transaction -> {
        String sql =
            "UPDATE Albums "
                + "SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 "
                + "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1";
        long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
        System.out.printf("%d record updated.\n", rowCount);
        return null;
      });
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  try {
    const [rowCount] = await transaction.runUpdate({
      sql: `UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
        WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1`,
    });

    console.log(`Successfully updated ${rowCount} record.`);
    await transaction.commit();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  } finally {
    // Close the database when finished.
    database.close();
  }
});

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Transaction;

/**
 * Updates sample data in the database with a DML statement.
 *
 * This requires the `MarketingBudget` column which must be created before
 * running this sample. You can add the column by running the `add_column`
 * sample or by running this DDL statement against your database:
 *
 *     ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64
 *
 * Example:
 * ```
 * update_data($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function update_data_with_dml(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $database->runTransaction(function (Transaction $t) {
        $rowCount = $t->executeUpdate(
            'UPDATE Albums '
            . 'SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 '
            . 'WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1');
        $t->commit();
        printf('Updated %d row(s).' . PHP_EOL, $rowCount);
    });
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

def update_albums(transaction):
    row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
        "UPDATE Albums "
        "SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 "
        "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1"
    )

    print("{} record(s) updated.".format(row_ct))

database.run_in_transaction(update_albums)

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id
row_count = 0

client.transaction do |transaction|
  row_count = transaction.execute_update(
    "UPDATE Albums
     SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
     WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1"
  )
end

puts "#{row_count} record updated."

Contoh kode berikut menghapus semua baris dalam tabel Singers dengan kolom FirstName adalah Alice.

C++

void DmlStandardDelete(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit_result = client.Commit([&client](spanner::Transaction txn)
                                         -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
    auto dele = client.ExecuteDml(
        std::move(txn),
        spanner::SqlStatement("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'"));
    if (!dele) return std::move(dele).status();
    return spanner::Mutations{};
  });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Delete was successful [spanner_dml_standard_delete]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class DeleteUsingDmlCoreAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> DeleteUsingDmlCoreAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'");
        int rowCount = await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();

        Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) deleted...");
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func deleteUsingDML(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{SQL: `DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'`}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) deleted.\n", rowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

static void deleteUsingDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(transaction -> {
        String sql = "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'";
        long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
        System.out.printf("%d record deleted.\n", rowCount);
        return null;
      });
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  try {
    const [rowCount] = await transaction.runUpdate({
      sql: "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'",
    });

    console.log(`Successfully deleted ${rowCount} record.`);
    await transaction.commit();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  } finally {
    // Close the database when finished.
    database.close();
  }
});

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Transaction;

/**
 * Deletes sample data in the database with a DML statement.
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function delete_data_with_dml(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $database->runTransaction(function (Transaction $t) {
        $rowCount = $t->executeUpdate(
            "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'");
        $t->commit();
        printf('Deleted %d row(s).' . PHP_EOL, $rowCount);
    });
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

def delete_singers(transaction):
    row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
        "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'"
    )

    print("{} record(s) deleted.".format(row_ct))

database.run_in_transaction(delete_singers)

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id
row_count = 0

client.transaction do |transaction|
  row_count = transaction.execute_update(
    "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'"
  )
end

puts "#{row_count} record deleted."

Contoh berikut, hanya untuk database dialek GoogleSQL, menggunakan STRUCT dengan parameter terikat untuk memperbarui LastName dalam baris yang difilter menurut FirstName dan LastName.

GoogleSQL

C++

void DmlStructs(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  std::int64_t rows_modified = 0;
  auto commit_result =
      client.Commit([&client, &rows_modified](spanner::Transaction const& txn)
                        -> google::cloud::StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto singer_info = std::make_tuple("Marc", "Richards");
        auto sql = spanner::SqlStatement(
            "UPDATE Singers SET FirstName = 'Keith' WHERE "
            "STRUCT<FirstName String, LastName String>(FirstName, LastName) "
            "= @name",
            {{"name", spanner::Value(std::move(singer_info))}});
        auto dml_result = client.ExecuteDml(txn, std::move(sql));
        if (!dml_result) return std::move(dml_result).status();
        rows_modified = dml_result->RowsModified();
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << rows_modified
            << " update was successful [spanner_dml_structs]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class UpdateUsingDmlWithStructCoreAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> UpdateUsingDmlWithStructCoreAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        var nameStruct = new SpannerStruct
        {
            { "FirstName", SpannerDbType.String, "Timothy" },
            { "LastName", SpannerDbType.String, "Campbell" }
        };
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant' WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) = @name");
        cmd.Parameters.Add("name", nameStruct.GetSpannerDbType(), nameStruct);
        int rowCount = await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();

        Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) updated...");
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func updateUsingDMLStruct(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		type name struct {
			FirstName string
			LastName  string
		}
		var singerInfo = name{"Timothy", "Campbell"}

		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `Update Singers Set LastName = 'Grant'
				WHERE STRUCT<FirstName String, LastName String>(Firstname, LastName) = @name`,
			Params: map[string]interface{}{"name": singerInfo},
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) inserted.\n", rowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

static void updateUsingDmlWithStruct(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  Struct name =
      Struct.newBuilder().set("FirstName").to("Timothy").set("LastName").to("Campbell").build();
  Statement s =
      Statement.newBuilder(
              "UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant' "
                  + "WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) "
                  + "= @name")
          .bind("name")
          .to(name)
          .build();
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(transaction -> {
        long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(s);
        System.out.printf("%d record updated.\n", rowCount);
        return null;
      });
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

const nameStruct = Spanner.struct({
  FirstName: 'Timothy',
  LastName: 'Campbell',
});

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  try {
    const [rowCount] = await transaction.runUpdate({
      sql: `UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant'
      WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) = @name`,
      params: {
        name: nameStruct,
      },
    });

    console.log(`Successfully updated ${rowCount} record.`);
    await transaction.commit();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  } finally {
    // Close the database when finished.
    database.close();
  }
});

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Database;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Transaction;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\StructType;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\StructValue;

/**
 * Update data with a DML statement using Structs.
 *
 * The database and table must already exist and can be created using
 * `create_database`.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * insert_data($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function update_data_with_dml_structs(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $database->runTransaction(function (Transaction $t) {
        $nameValue = (new StructValue)
            ->add('FirstName', 'Timothy')
            ->add('LastName', 'Campbell');
        $nameType = (new StructType)
            ->add('FirstName', Database::TYPE_STRING)
            ->add('LastName', Database::TYPE_STRING);

        $rowCount = $t->executeUpdate(
            "UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant' "
             . 'WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) '
             . '= @name',
            [
                'parameters' => [
                    'name' => $nameValue
                ],
                'types' => [
                    'name' => $nameType
                ]
            ]);
        $t->commit();
        printf('Updated %d row(s).' . PHP_EOL, $rowCount);
    });
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

record_type = param_types.Struct(
    [
        param_types.StructField("FirstName", param_types.STRING),
        param_types.StructField("LastName", param_types.STRING),
    ]
)
record_value = ("Timothy", "Campbell")

def write_with_struct(transaction):
    row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
        "UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant' "
        "WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>"
        "(FirstName, LastName) = @name",
        params={"name": record_value},
        param_types={"name": record_type},
    )
    print("{} record(s) updated.".format(row_ct))

database.run_in_transaction(write_with_struct)

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id
row_count = 0
name_struct = { FirstName: "Timothy", LastName: "Campbell" }

client.transaction do |transaction|
  row_count = transaction.execute_update(
    "UPDATE Singers SET LastName = 'Grant'
     WHERE STRUCT<FirstName STRING, LastName STRING>(FirstName, LastName) = @name",
    params: { name: name_struct }
  )
end

puts "#{row_count} record updated."

Mengubah data dengan pernyataan DML yang ditampilkan

Klausa THEN RETURN (database dialek GoogleSQL) atau klausa RETURNING (database dialek PostgreSQL) dimaksudkan untuk skenario saat Anda ingin mengambil data dari baris yang diubah. Hal ini sangat berguna jika Anda ingin melihat nilai yang tidak ditentukan dalam pernyataan DML, nilai default, atau kolom yang dihasilkan.

Untuk menjalankan pernyataan DML yang ditampilkan menggunakan library klien:

• Buat transaksi baca-tulis.
• Panggil metode library klien untuk eksekusi kueri dan teruskan pernyataan DML yang ditampilkan untuk mendapatkan hasil.

Contoh kode berikut menyisipkan baris baru ke dalam tabel Singers, dan menampilkan kolom FullName yang dihasilkan dari data yang disisipkan.

GoogleSQL

C++

void InsertUsingDmlReturning(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  // Insert records into SINGERS table and return the generated column
  // FullName of the inserted records using `THEN RETURN FullName`.
  auto commit = client.Commit(
      [&client](google::cloud::spanner::Transaction txn)
          -> google::cloud::StatusOr<google::cloud::spanner::Mutations> {
        auto sql = google::cloud::spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
            INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)
              VALUES (12, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'),
                     (13, 'Russell', 'Morales'),
                     (14, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'),
                     (15, 'Dylan', 'Shaw')
              THEN RETURN FullName
        )""");
        using RowType = std::tuple<std::string>;
        auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(txn), std::move(sql));
        // Note: This mutator might be re-run, or its effects discarded, so
        // changing non-transactional state (e.g., by producing output) is,
        // in general, not something to be imitated.
        for (auto& row : google::cloud::spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
          if (!row) return std::move(row).status();
          std::cout << "FullName: " << std::get<0>(*row) << "\n";
        }
        std::cout << "Inserted row(s) count: " << rows.RowsModified() << "\n";
        return google::cloud::spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class InsertUsingDmlReturningAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<List<string>> InsertUsingDmlReturningAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        // Insert records into the SINGERS table and return the
        // generated column FullName of the inserted records using
        // 'THEN RETURN FullName'.
        // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
        // inserted records by using 'THEN RETURN *'.
        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand(
            @"INSERT INTO Singers(SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES
            (6, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'), 
            (7, 'Russell', 'Morales'), 
            (8, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'), 
            (9, 'Dylan', 'Shaw') THEN RETURN FullName");

        var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        var insertedSingerNames = new List<string>();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            insertedSingerNames.Add(reader.GetFieldValue<string>("FullName"));
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"{insertedSingerNames.Count} row(s) inserted...");
        return insertedSingerNames;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func insertUsingDMLReturning(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Insert records into the SINGERS table and returns the
	// generated column FullName of the inserted records using
	// 'THEN RETURN FullName'.
	// It is also possible to return all columns of all the
	// inserted records by using 'THEN RETURN *'.
	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)
			        VALUES (21, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'),
			               (22, 'Russell', 'Morales'),
			               (23, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'),
			               (24, 'Dylan', 'Shaw')
			        THEN RETURN FullName`,
		}
		iter := txn.Query(ctx, stmt)
		defer iter.Stop()
		for {
			row, err := iter.Next()
			if err == iterator.Done {
				break
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			var fullName string
			if err := row.Columns(&fullName); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", fullName)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) inserted.\n", iter.RowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;

public class InsertUsingDmlReturningSample {

  static void insertUsingDmlReturning() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    final String projectId = "my-project";
    final String instanceId = "my-instance";
    final String databaseId = "my-database";
    insertUsingDmlReturning(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
  }

  static void insertUsingDmlReturning(String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .build()
            .getService()) {
      final DatabaseClient dbClient =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
      // Insert records into the SINGERS table and returns the
      // generated column FullName of the inserted records using
      // ‘THEN RETURN FullName’.
      // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
      // inserted records by using ‘THEN RETURN *’.
      dbClient
          .readWriteTransaction()
          .run(
              transaction -> {
                String sql =
                    "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES "
                        + "(12, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'), "
                        + "(13, 'Russell', 'Morales'), "
                        + "(14, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'), "
                        + "(15, 'Dylan', 'Shaw') THEN RETURN FullName";

                // readWriteTransaction.executeQuery(..) API should be used for executing
                // DML statements with RETURNING clause.
                try (ResultSet resultSet = transaction.executeQuery(Statement.of(sql))) {
                  while (resultSet.next()) {
                    System.out.println(resultSet.getString(0));
                  }
                  System.out.printf(
                      "Inserted row(s) count: %d\n", resultSet.getStats().getRowCountExact());
                }
                return null;
              });
    }
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

function insertUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId) {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database.
  const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
  const database = instance.database(databaseId);

  database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error(err);
      return;
    }
    try {
      const [rows, stats] = await transaction.run({
        sql: 'INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES (@id, @firstName, @lastName) THEN RETURN FullName',
        params: {
          id: 18,
          firstName: 'Virginia',
          lastName: 'Watson',
        },
      });

      const rowCount = Math.floor(stats[stats.rowCount]);
      console.log(
        `Successfully inserted ${rowCount} record into the Singers table.`
      );
      rows.forEach(row => {
        console.log(row.toJSON().FullName);
      });

      await transaction.commit();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('ERROR:', err);
    } finally {
      // Close the database when finished.
      database.close();
    }
  });
}
insertUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId);

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Inserts sample data into the given database using DML returning.
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function insert_dml_returning(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    // Insert records into SINGERS table and returns the generated column
    // FullName of the inserted records using ‘THEN RETURN FullName’. It is also
    // possible to return all columns of all the inserted records by using
    // ‘THEN RETURN *’.

    $sql = 'INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) '
        . "VALUES (12, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'), "
        . "(13, 'Russell', 'Morales'), "
        . "(14, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'), "
        . "(15, 'Dylan', 'Shaw') "
        . 'THEN RETURN FullName';

    $transaction = $database->transaction();
    $result = $transaction->execute($sql);
    foreach ($result->rows() as $row) {
        printf(
            '%s inserted.' . PHP_EOL,
            $row['FullName'],
        );
    }
    printf(
        'Inserted row(s) count: %d' . PHP_EOL,
        $result->stats()['rowCountExact']
    );
    $transaction->commit();
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

# Insert records into the SINGERS table and returns the
# generated column FullName of the inserted records using
# 'THEN RETURN FullName'.
# It is also possible to return all columns of all the
# inserted records by using 'THEN RETURN *'.
def insert_singers(transaction):
    results = transaction.execute_sql(
        "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES "
        "(21, 'Luann', 'Chizoba'), "
        "(22, 'Denis', 'Patricio'), "
        "(23, 'Felxi', 'Ronan'), "
        "(24, 'Dominik', 'Martyna') "
        "THEN RETURN FullName"
    )
    for result in results:
        print("FullName: {}".format(*result))
    print("{} record(s) inserted.".format(results.stats.row_count_exact))

database.run_in_transaction(insert_singers)

Ruby

require "google/cloud/spanner"

##
# This is a snippet for showcasing how to use DML return feature with insert
# operation.
#
# @param project_id  [String] The ID of the Google Cloud project.
# @param instance_id [String] The ID of the spanner instance.
# @param database_id [String] The ID of the database.
#
def spanner_insert_dml_returning project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
  client = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

  client.transaction do |transaction|
    # Insert records into the SINGERS table and returns the generated column
    # FullName of the inserted records using ‘THEN RETURN FullName’.
    # It is also possible to return all columns of all the inserted records
    # by using ‘THEN RETURN *’.
    results = transaction.execute_query "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)
                                         VALUES (12, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'), (13, 'Russell', 'Morales'), (14, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'), (15, 'Dylan', 'Shaw')
                                         THEN RETURN FullName"
    results.rows.each do |row|
      puts "Inserted singers with FullName: #{row[:FullName]}"
    end
    puts "Inserted row(s) count: #{results.row_count}"
  end
end

PostgreSQL

C++

void InsertUsingDmlReturning(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  // Insert records into SINGERS table and return the generated column
  // FullName of the inserted records using `RETURNING FullName`.
  auto commit = client.Commit(
      [&client](google::cloud::spanner::Transaction txn)
          -> google::cloud::StatusOr<google::cloud::spanner::Mutations> {
        auto sql = google::cloud::spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
            INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)
                VALUES (12, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'),
                       (13, 'Russell', 'Morales'),
                       (14, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'),
                       (15, 'Dylan', 'Shaw')
                RETURNING FullName
        )""");
        using RowType = std::tuple<std::string>;
        auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(txn), std::move(sql));
        for (auto& row : google::cloud::spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
          if (!row) return std::move(row).status();
          std::cout << "FullName: " << std::get<0>(*row) << "\n";
        }
        std::cout << "Inserted row(s) count: " << rows.RowsModified() << "\n";
        return google::cloud::spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class InsertUsingDmlReturningAsyncPostgresSample
{
    public async Task<List<string>> InsertUsingDmlReturningAsyncPostgres(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        // Insert records into SINGERS table and return the
        // generated column FullName of the inserted records
        // using 'RETURNING FullName'.
        // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
        // inserted records by using 'RETURNING *'.
        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand(
            @"INSERT INTO Singers(SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES
            (6, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'), 
            (7, 'Russell', 'Morales'), 
            (8, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'), 
            (9, 'Dylan', 'Shaw') RETURNING FullName");

        var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        var insertedSingerNames = new List<string>();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            insertedSingerNames.Add(reader.GetFieldValue<string>("fullname"));
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"{insertedSingerNames.Count} row(s) inserted...");
        return insertedSingerNames;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func pgInsertUsingDMLReturning(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Insert records into the SINGERS table and returns the
	// generated column FullName of the inserted records using
	// 'RETURNING FullName'.
	// It is also possible to return all columns of all the
	// inserted records by using 'RETURNING *'.
	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)
			        VALUES (21, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'),
			               (22, 'Russell', 'Morales'),
			               (23, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'),
			               (24, 'Dylan', 'Shaw')
			        RETURNING FullName`,
		}
		iter := txn.Query(ctx, stmt)
		defer iter.Stop()
		for {
			row, err := iter.Next()
			if err == iterator.Done {
				break
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			var fullName string
			if err := row.Columns(&fullName); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", fullName)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) inserted.\n", iter.RowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;

public class PgInsertUsingDmlReturningSample {

  static void insertUsingDmlReturning() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    final String projectId = "my-project";
    final String instanceId = "my-instance";
    final String databaseId = "my-database";
    insertUsingDmlReturning(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
  }

  static void insertUsingDmlReturning(String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .build()
            .getService()) {
      final DatabaseClient dbClient =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
      // Insert records into SINGERS table and returns the
      // generated column FullName of the inserted records
      // using ‘RETURNING FullName’.
      // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
      // inserted records by using ‘RETURNING *’.
      dbClient
          .readWriteTransaction()
          .run(
              transaction -> {
                String sql =
                    "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES "
                        + "(12, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'), "
                        + "(13, 'Russell', 'Morales'), "
                        + "(14, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'), "
                        + "(15, 'Dylan', 'Shaw') RETURNING FullName";

                // readWriteTransaction.executeQuery(..) API should be used for executing
                // DML statements with RETURNING clause.
                try (ResultSet resultSet = transaction.executeQuery(Statement.of(sql))) {
                  while (resultSet.next()) {
                    System.out.println(resultSet.getString(0));
                  }
                  System.out.printf(
                      "Inserted row(s) count: %d\n", resultSet.getStats().getRowCountExact());
                }
                return null;
              });
    }
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

function pgInsertUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId) {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database.
  const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
  const database = instance.database(databaseId);

  database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error(err);
      return;
    }
    try {
      const [rows, stats] = await transaction.run({
        sql: 'INSERT Into Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES ($1, $2, $3) RETURNING FullName',
        params: {
          p1: 18,
          p2: 'Virginia',
          p3: 'Watson',
        },
      });

      const rowCount = Math.floor(stats[stats.rowCount]);
      console.log(
        `Successfully inserted ${rowCount} record into the Singers table.`
      );
      rows.forEach(row => {
        console.log(row.toJSON().fullname);
      });

      await transaction.commit();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('ERROR:', err);
    } finally {
      // Close the database when finished.
      database.close();
    }
  });
}
pgInsertUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId);

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Inserts sample data into the given postgresql database using DML returning.
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function pg_insert_dml_returning(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    // Insert records into SINGERS table and returns the generated column
    // FullName of the inserted records using ‘RETURNING FullName’. It is also
    // possible to return all columns of all the inserted records by using
    // ‘RETURNING *’.

    $sql = 'INSERT INTO Singers (Singerid, FirstName, LastName) '
      . "VALUES (12, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'), "
      . "(13, 'Russell', 'Morales'), "
      . "(14, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'), "
      . "(15, 'Dylan', 'Shaw') "
      . 'RETURNING FullName';

    $transaction = $database->transaction();
    $result = $transaction->execute($sql);
    foreach ($result->rows() as $row) {
        printf(
            '%s inserted.' . PHP_EOL,
            $row['fullname'],
        );
    }
    printf(
        'Inserted row(s) count: %d' . PHP_EOL,
        $result->stats()['rowCountExact']
    );
    $transaction->commit();
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

# Insert records into the SINGERS table and returns the
# generated column FullName of the inserted records using
# 'RETURNING FullName'.
# It is also possible to return all columns of all the
# inserted records by using 'RETURNING *'.
def insert_singers(transaction):
    results = transaction.execute_sql(
        "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES "
        "(21, 'Luann', 'Chizoba'), "
        "(22, 'Denis', 'Patricio'), "
        "(23, 'Felxi', 'Ronan'), "
        "(24, 'Dominik', 'Martyna') "
        "RETURNING FullName"
    )
    for result in results:
        print("FullName: {}".format(*result))
    print("{} record(s) inserted.".format(results.stats.row_count_exact))

database.run_in_transaction(insert_singers)

Ruby

require "google/cloud/spanner"

##
# This is a snippet for showcasing how to use DML return feature with insert
# operation in PostgreSql.
#
# @param project_id  [String] The ID of the Google Cloud project.
# @param instance_id [String] The ID of the spanner instance.
# @param database_id [String] The ID of the database.
#
def spanner_postgresql_insert_dml_returning project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
  client = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

  client.transaction do |transaction|
    # Insert records into SINGERS table and returns the generated column
    # FullName of the inserted records using ‘RETURNING FullName’.
    # It is also possible to return all columns of all the inserted
    # records by using ‘RETURNING *’.
    results = transaction.execute_query "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)
                                         VALUES (12, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'), (13, 'Russell', 'Morales'), (14, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'), (15, 'Dylan', 'Shaw')
                                         RETURNING FullName"
    results.rows.each do |row|
      puts "Inserted singers with FullName: #{row[:fullname]}"
    end
    puts "Inserted row(s) count: #{results.row_count}"
  end
end

Contoh kode berikut memperbarui kolom MarketingBudget dari tabel Albums berdasarkan klausa WHERE, dan menampilkan kolom MarketingBudget yang diubah dari data yang diperbarui.

GoogleSQL

C++

void UpdateUsingDmlReturning(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  // Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying a particular
  // condition and return the modified MarketingBudget column of the
  // updated records using `THEN RETURN MarketingBudget`.
  auto commit = client.Commit(
      [&client](google::cloud::spanner::Transaction txn)
          -> google::cloud::StatusOr<google::cloud::spanner::Mutations> {
        auto sql = google::cloud::spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
            UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
              WHERE SingerId = 1 AND AlbumId = 1
              THEN RETURN MarketingBudget
        )""");
        using RowType = std::tuple<absl::optional<std::int64_t>>;
        auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(txn), std::move(sql));
        // Note: This mutator might be re-run, or its effects discarded, so
        // changing non-transactional state (e.g., by producing output) is,
        // in general, not something to be imitated.
        for (auto& row : google::cloud::spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
          if (!row) return std::move(row).status();
          std::cout << "MarketingBudget: ";
          if (std::get<0>(*row).has_value()) {
            std::cout << *std::get<0>(*row);
          } else {
            std::cout << "NULL";
          }
          std::cout << "\n";
        }
        std::cout << "Updated row(s) count: " << rows.RowsModified() << "\n";
        return google::cloud::spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class UpdateUsingDmlReturningAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<List<long>> UpdateUsingDmlReturningAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        // Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying
        // a particular condition and return the modified
        // MarketingBudget column of the updated records using
        // 'THEN RETURN MarketingBudget'.
        // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
        // updated records by using 'THEN RETURN *'.
        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1 THEN RETURN MarketingBudget");
        var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        var updatedMarketingBudgets = new List<long>();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            updatedMarketingBudgets.Add(reader.GetFieldValue<long>("MarketingBudget"));
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"{updatedMarketingBudgets.Count} row(s) updated...");
        return updatedMarketingBudgets;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func updateUsingDMLReturning(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying
	// a particular condition and returns the modified
	// MarketingBudget column of the updated records using
	// 'THEN RETURN MarketingBudget'.
	// It is also possible to return all columns of all the
	// updated records by using 'THEN RETURN *'.
	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `UPDATE Albums
				SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
				WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1
				THEN RETURN MarketingBudget`,
		}
		iter := txn.Query(ctx, stmt)
		defer iter.Stop()
		for {
			row, err := iter.Next()
			if err == iterator.Done {
				break
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			var marketingBudget int64
			if err := row.Columns(&marketingBudget); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d\n", marketingBudget)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) updated.\n", iter.RowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;

public class UpdateUsingDmlReturningSample {

  static void updateUsingDmlReturning() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    final String projectId = "my-project";
    final String instanceId = "my-instance";
    final String databaseId = "my-database";
    updateUsingDmlReturning(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
  }

  static void updateUsingDmlReturning(String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .build()
            .getService()) {
      final DatabaseClient dbClient =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
      // Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying
      // a particular condition and returns the modified
      // MarketingBudget column of the updated records using
      // ‘THEN RETURN MarketingBudget’.
      // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
      // updated records by using ‘THEN RETURN *’.
      dbClient
          .readWriteTransaction()
          .run(
              transaction -> {
                String sql =
                    "UPDATE Albums "
                        + "SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 "
                        + "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1 "
                        + "THEN RETURN MarketingBudget";

                // readWriteTransaction.executeQuery(..) API should be used for executing
                // DML statements with RETURNING clause.
                try (ResultSet resultSet = transaction.executeQuery(Statement.of(sql))) {
                  while (resultSet.next()) {
                    System.out.printf("%d\n", resultSet.getLong(0));
                  }
                  System.out.printf(
                      "Updated row(s) count: %d\n", resultSet.getStats().getRowCountExact());
                }
                return null;
              });
    }
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

function updateUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId) {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database.
  const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
  const database = instance.database(databaseId);

  database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error(err);
      return;
    }
    try {
      const [rows, stats] = await transaction.run({
        sql: 'UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = 2000000 WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1 THEN RETURN MarketingBudget',
      });

      const rowCount = Math.floor(stats[stats.rowCount]);
      console.log(
        `Successfully updated ${rowCount} record into the Albums table.`
      );
      rows.forEach(row => {
        console.log(row.toJSON().MarketingBudget);
      });

      await transaction.commit();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('ERROR:', err);
    } finally {
      // Close the database when finished.
      database.close();
    }
  });
}
updateUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId);

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Update the given database using DML returning.
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function update_dml_returning(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $transaction = $database->transaction();

    // Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying a particular
    // condition and returns the modified MarketingBudget column of the updated
    // records using ‘THEN RETURN MarketingBudget’. It is also possible to return
    // all columns of all the updated records by using ‘THEN RETURN *’.

    $result = $transaction->execute(
        'UPDATE Albums '
        . 'SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 '
        . 'WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1 '
        . 'THEN RETURN MarketingBudget'
    );
    foreach ($result->rows() as $row) {
        printf('MarketingBudget: %s' . PHP_EOL, $row['MarketingBudget']);
    }
    printf(
        'Updated row(s) count: %d' . PHP_EOL,
        $result->stats()['rowCountExact']
    );
    $transaction->commit();
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

# Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying
# a particular condition and returns the modified
# MarketingBudget column of the updated records using
# 'THEN RETURN MarketingBudget'.
# It is also possible to return all columns of all the
# updated records by using 'THEN RETURN *'.
def update_albums(transaction):
    results = transaction.execute_sql(
        "UPDATE Albums "
        "SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 "
        "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1 "
        "THEN RETURN MarketingBudget"
    )
    for result in results:
        print("MarketingBudget: {}".format(*result))
    print("{} record(s) updated.".format(results.stats.row_count_exact))

database.run_in_transaction(update_albums)

Ruby

require "google/cloud/spanner"

##
# This is a snippet for showcasing how to use DML return feature with update
# operation.
#
# @param project_id  [String] The ID of the Google Cloud project.
# @param instance_id [String] The ID of the spanner instance.
# @param database_id [String] The ID of the database.
#
def spanner_update_dml_returning project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
  client = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

  client.transaction do |transaction|
    # Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying a particular
    # condition and returns the modified MarketingBudget column of the
    # updated records using ‘THEN RETURN MarketingBudget’.
    #
    # It is also possible to return all columns of all the updated records
    # by using ‘THEN RETURN *’.
    results = transaction.execute_query "UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
                                         WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1
                                         THEN RETURN MarketingBudget"
    results.rows.each do |row|
      puts "Updated Album with MarketingBudget: #{row[:MarketingBudget]}"
    end
    puts "Updated row(s) count: #{results.row_count}"
  end
end

PostgreSQL

C++

void UpdateUsingDmlReturning(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  // Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying a particular
  // condition and return the modified MarketingBudget column of the
  // updated records using `RETURNING MarketingBudget`.
  auto commit = client.Commit(
      [&client](google::cloud::spanner::Transaction txn)
          -> google::cloud::StatusOr<google::cloud::spanner::Mutations> {
        auto sql = google::cloud::spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
            UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
              WHERE SingerId = 1 AND AlbumId = 1
              RETURNING MarketingBudget
        )""");
        using RowType = std::tuple<absl::optional<std::int64_t>>;
        auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(txn), std::move(sql));
        for (auto& row : google::cloud::spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
          if (!row) return std::move(row).status();
          std::cout << "MarketingBudget: ";
          if (std::get<0>(*row).has_value()) {
            std::cout << *std::get<0>(*row);
          } else {
            std::cout << "NULL";
          }
          std::cout << "\n";
        }
        std::cout << "Updated row(s) count: " << rows.RowsModified() << "\n";
        return google::cloud::spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class UpdateUsingDmlReturningAsyncPostgresSample
{
    public async Task<List<long>> UpdateUsingDmlReturningAsyncPostgres(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        // Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying
        // a particular condition and return the modified
        // MarketingBudget column of the updated records using
        // 'RETURNING MarketingBudget'.
        // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
        // updated records by using 'RETURNING *'.
        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 WHERE SingerId = 14 and AlbumId = 20 RETURNING MarketingBudget");

        var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        var updatedMarketingBudgets = new List<long>();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            updatedMarketingBudgets.Add(reader.GetFieldValue<long>("marketingbudget"));
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"{updatedMarketingBudgets.Count} row(s) updated...");
        return updatedMarketingBudgets;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func pgUpdateUsingDMLReturning(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying
	// a particular condition and returns the modified
	// MarketingBudget column of the updated records using
	// 'RETURNING MarketingBudget'.
	// It is also possible to return all columns of all the
	// updated records by using 'RETURNING *'.
	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `UPDATE Albums
				SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
				WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1
				RETURNING MarketingBudget`,
		}
		iter := txn.Query(ctx, stmt)
		defer iter.Stop()
		for {
			row, err := iter.Next()
			if err == iterator.Done {
				break
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			var marketingBudget int64
			if err := row.Columns(&marketingBudget); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d\n", marketingBudget)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) updated.\n", iter.RowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;

public class PgUpdateUsingDmlReturningSample {

  static void updateUsingDmlReturning() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    final String projectId = "my-project";
    final String instanceId = "my-instance";
    final String databaseId = "my-database";
    updateUsingDmlReturning(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
  }

  static void updateUsingDmlReturning(String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .build()
            .getService()) {
      final DatabaseClient dbClient =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
      // Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying
      // a particular condition and returns the modified
      // MarketingBudget column of the updated records using
      // ‘RETURNING MarketingBudget’.
      // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
      // updated records by using ‘RETURNING *’.
      dbClient
          .readWriteTransaction()
          .run(
              transaction -> {
                String sql =
                    "UPDATE Albums "
                        + "SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 "
                        + "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1 "
                        + "RETURNING MarketingBudget";

                // readWriteTransaction.executeQuery(..) API should be used for executing
                // DML statements with RETURNING clause.
                try (ResultSet resultSet = transaction.executeQuery(Statement.of(sql))) {
                  while (resultSet.next()) {
                    System.out.printf("%d\n", resultSet.getLong(0));
                  }
                  System.out.printf(
                      "Updated row(s) count: %d\n", resultSet.getStats().getRowCountExact());
                }
                return null;
              });
    }
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

function pgUpdateUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId) {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database.
  const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
  const database = instance.database(databaseId);

  database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error(err);
      return;
    }
    try {
      const [rows, stats] = await transaction.run({
        sql: 'UPDATE singers SET FirstName = $1, LastName = $2 WHERE singerid = $3 RETURNING FullName',
        params: {
          p1: 'Virginia1',
          p2: 'Watson1',
          p3: 18,
        },
      });

      const rowCount = Math.floor(stats[stats.rowCount]);
      console.log(
        `Successfully updated ${rowCount} record into the Singers table.`
      );
      rows.forEach(row => {
        console.log(row.toJSON().fullname);
      });

      await transaction.commit();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('ERROR:', err);
    } finally {
      // Close the database when finished.
      database.close();
    }
  });
}
pgUpdateUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId);

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Update the given postgresql database using DML returning.
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function pg_update_dml_returning(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $transaction = $database->transaction();

    // Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying a particular
    // condition and returns the modified MarketingBudget column of the updated
    // records using ‘RETURNING MarketingBudget’. It is also possible to return
    // all columns of all the updated records by using ‘RETURNING *’.

    $result = $transaction->execute(
        'UPDATE Albums '
        . 'SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 '
        . 'WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1'
        . 'RETURNING MarketingBudget'
    );
    foreach ($result->rows() as $row) {
        printf('MarketingBudget: %s' . PHP_EOL, $row['marketingbudget']);
    }
    printf(
        'Updated row(s) count: %d' . PHP_EOL,
        $result->stats()['rowCountExact']
    );
    $transaction->commit();
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

# Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying
# a particular condition and returns the modified
# MarketingBudget column of the updated records using
# 'RETURNING MarketingBudget'.
# It is also possible to return all columns of all the
# updated records by using 'RETURNING *'.
def update_albums(transaction):
    results = transaction.execute_sql(
        "UPDATE Albums "
        "SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 "
        "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1 "
        "RETURNING MarketingBudget"
    )
    for result in results:
        print("MarketingBudget: {}".format(*result))
    print("{} record(s) updated.".format(results.stats.row_count_exact))

database.run_in_transaction(update_albums)

Ruby

require "google/cloud/spanner"

##
# This is a snippet for showcasing how to use DML return feature with update
# operation in PostgreSql.
#
# @param project_id  [String] The ID of the Google Cloud project.
# @param instance_id [String] The ID of the spanner instance.
# @param database_id [String] The ID of the database.
#
def spanner_postgresql_update_dml_returning project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
  client = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

  client.transaction do |transaction|
    # Update MarketingBudget column for records satisfying a particular
    # condition and returns the modified MarketingBudget column of the
    # updated records using ‘RETURNING MarketingBudget’.
    # It is also possible to return all columns of all the updated records
    # by using ‘RETURNING *’.
    results = transaction.execute_query "UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
                                         WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1
                                         RETURNING MarketingBudget"
    results.rows.each do |row|
      puts "Updated Albums with MarketingBudget: #{row[:marketingbudget]}"
    end
    puts "Updated row(s) count: #{results.row_count}"
  end
end

Contoh kode berikut akan menghapus semua baris di tabel Singers dengan kolom FirstName adalah Alice, dan menampilkan kolom SingerId dan FullName dari data yang dihapus.

GoogleSQL

C++

void DeleteUsingDmlReturning(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  // Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a particular condition
  // and return the SingerId and FullName column of the deleted records
  // using `THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName'.
  auto commit = client.Commit(
      [&client](google::cloud::spanner::Transaction txn)
          -> google::cloud::StatusOr<google::cloud::spanner::Mutations> {
        auto sql = google::cloud::spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
            DELETE FROM Singers
              WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'
              THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName
        )""");
        using RowType = std::tuple<std::int64_t, std::string>;
        auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(txn), std::move(sql));
        // Note: This mutator might be re-run, or its effects discarded, so
        // changing non-transactional state (e.g., by producing output) is,
        // in general, not something to be imitated.
        for (auto& row : google::cloud::spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
          if (!row) return std::move(row).status();
          std::cout << "SingerId: " << std::get<0>(*row) << " ";
          std::cout << "FullName: " << std::get<1>(*row) << "\n";
        }
        std::cout << "Deleted row(s) count: " << rows.RowsModified() << "\n";
        return google::cloud::spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class DeleteUsingDmlReturningAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<List<string>> DeleteUsingDmlReturningAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        // Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a
        // particular condition and return the SingerId
        // and FullName column of the deleted records using
        // 'THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName'.
        // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
        // deleted records by using 'THEN RETURN *'.
        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice' THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName");
        var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        var deletedSingerNames = new List<string>();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            deletedSingerNames.Add(reader.GetFieldValue<string>("FullName"));
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"{deletedSingerNames.Count} row(s) deleted...");
        return deletedSingerNames;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func deleteUsingDMLReturning(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a
	// particular condition and returns the SingerId
	// and FullName column of the deleted records using
	// 'THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName'.
	// It is also possible to return all columns of all the
	// deleted records by using 'THEN RETURN *'.
	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'
			        THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName`,
		}
		iter := txn.Query(ctx, stmt)
		defer iter.Stop()
		for {
			row, err := iter.Next()
			if err == iterator.Done {
				break
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			var (
				singerID int64
				fullName string
			)
			if err := row.Columns(&singerID, &fullName); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %s\n", singerID, fullName)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) deleted.\n", iter.RowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;

public class DeleteUsingDmlReturningSample {

  static void deleteUsingDmlReturningSample() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    final String projectId = "my-project";
    final String instanceId = "my-instance";
    final String databaseId = "my-database";
    deleteUsingDmlReturningSample(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
  }

  static void deleteUsingDmlReturningSample(
      String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .build()
            .getService()) {
      final DatabaseClient dbClient =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
      // Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a
      // particular condition and returns the SingerId
      // and FullName column of the deleted records using
      // ‘THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName’.
      // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
      // deleted records by using ‘THEN RETURN *’.
      dbClient
          .readWriteTransaction()
          .run(
              transaction -> {
                String sql =
                    "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice' THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName";

                // readWriteTransaction.executeQuery(..) API should be used for executing
                // DML statements with RETURNING clause.
                try (ResultSet resultSet = transaction.executeQuery(Statement.of(sql))) {
                  while (resultSet.next()) {
                    System.out.printf("%d %s\n", resultSet.getLong(0), resultSet.getString(1));
                  }
                  System.out.printf(
                      "Deleted row(s) count: %d\n", resultSet.getStats().getRowCountExact());
                }
                return null;
              });
    }
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

function deleteUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId) {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database.
  const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
  const database = instance.database(databaseId);

  database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error(err);
      return;
    }
    try {
      const [rows, stats] = await transaction.run({
        sql: 'DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId = 18 THEN RETURN FullName',
      });

      const rowCount = Math.floor(stats[stats.rowCount]);
      console.log(
        `Successfully deleted ${rowCount} record from the Singers table.`
      );
      rows.forEach(row => {
        console.log(row.toJSON().FullName);
      });

      await transaction.commit();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('ERROR:', err);
    } finally {
      // Close the database when finished.
      database.close();
    }
  });
}
deleteUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId);

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Delete data from the given database using DML returning.
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function delete_dml_returning(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $transaction = $database->transaction();

    // Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a particular condition and
    // returns the SingerId and FullName column of the deleted records using
    // 'THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName'. It is also possible to return all columns
    //  of all the deleted records by using 'THEN RETURN *'.

    $result = $transaction->execute(
        "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice' "
        . 'THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName',
    );
    foreach ($result->rows() as $row) {
        printf(
            '%d %s.' . PHP_EOL,
            $row['SingerId'],
            $row['FullName']
        );
    }
    printf(
        'Deleted row(s) count: %d' . PHP_EOL,
        $result->stats()['rowCountExact']
    );
    $transaction->commit();
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

# Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a
# particular condition and returns the SingerId
# and FullName column of the deleted records using
# 'THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName'.
# It is also possible to return all columns of all the
# deleted records by using 'THEN RETURN *'.
def delete_singers(transaction):
    results = transaction.execute_sql(
        "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'David' "
        "THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName"
    )
    for result in results:
        print("SingerId: {}, FullName: {}".format(*result))
    print("{} record(s) deleted.".format(results.stats.row_count_exact))

database.run_in_transaction(delete_singers)

Ruby

require "google/cloud/spanner"

##
# This is a snippet for showcasing how to use DML return feature with delete
# operation.
#
# @param project_id  [String] The ID of the Google Cloud project.
# @param instance_id [String] The ID of the spanner instance.
# @param database_id [String] The ID of the database.
#
def spanner_delete_dml_returning project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
  client = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

  client.transaction do |transaction|
    # Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a particular condition and
    # returns the SingerId and FullName column of the deleted records using
    # ‘THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName’.
    # It is also possible to return all columns of all the deleted records
    # by using ‘THEN RETURN *’.
    results = transaction.execute_query "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice' THEN RETURN SingerId, FullName"
    results.rows.each do |row|
      puts "Deleted singer with SingerId: #{row[:SingerId]}, FullName: #{row[:FullName]}"
    end
    puts "Deleted row(s) count: #{results.row_count}"
  end
end

PostgreSQL

C++

void DeleteUsingDmlReturning(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  // Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a particular condition
  // and return the SingerId and FullName column of the deleted records
  // using `RETURNING SingerId, FullName'.
  auto commit = client.Commit(
      [&client](google::cloud::spanner::Transaction txn)
          -> google::cloud::StatusOr<google::cloud::spanner::Mutations> {
        auto sql = google::cloud::spanner::SqlStatement(R"""(
            DELETE FROM Singers
              WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'
              RETURNING SingerId, FullName
        )""");
        using RowType = std::tuple<std::int64_t, std::string>;
        auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(txn), std::move(sql));
        for (auto& row : google::cloud::spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
          if (!row) return std::move(row).status();
          std::cout << "SingerId: " << std::get<0>(*row) << " ";
          std::cout << "FullName: " << std::get<1>(*row) << "\n";
        }
        std::cout << "Deleted row(s) count: " << rows.RowsModified() << "\n";
        return google::cloud::spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class DeleteUsingDmlReturningAsyncPostgresSample
{
    public async Task<List<string>> DeleteUsingDmlReturningAsyncPostgres(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        // Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a
        // particular condition and return the SingerId
        // and FullName column of the deleted records using
        // 'RETURNING SingerId, FullName'.
        // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
        // deleted records by using 'RETURNING *'.
        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Lata' RETURNING SingerId, FullName");
        var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        var deletedSingerNames = new List<string>();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            deletedSingerNames.Add(reader.GetFieldValue<string>("fullname"));
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"{deletedSingerNames.Count} row(s) deleted...");
        return deletedSingerNames;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func pgDeleteUsingDMLReturning(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a
	// particular condition and returns the SingerId
	// and FullName column of the deleted records using
	// 'RETURNING SingerId, FullName'.
	// It is also possible to return all columns of all the
	// deleted records by using 'RETURNING *'.
	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice'
			        RETURNING SingerId, FullName`,
		}
		iter := txn.Query(ctx, stmt)
		defer iter.Stop()
		for {
			row, err := iter.Next()
			if err == iterator.Done {
				break
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			var (
				singerID int64
				fullName string
			)
			if err := row.Columns(&singerID, &fullName); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %s\n", singerID, fullName)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) deleted.\n", iter.RowCount)
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;

public class PgDeleteUsingDmlReturningSample {

  static void deleteUsingDmlReturningSample() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    final String projectId = "my-project";
    final String instanceId = "my-instance";
    final String databaseId = "my-database";
    deleteUsingDmlReturningSample(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
  }

  static void deleteUsingDmlReturningSample(
      String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .build()
            .getService()) {
      final DatabaseClient dbClient =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));
      // Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a
      // particular condition and returns the SingerId
      // and FullName column of the deleted records using
      // ‘RETURNING SingerId, FullName’.
      // It is also possible to return all columns of all the
      // deleted records by using ‘RETURNING *’.
      dbClient
          .readWriteTransaction()
          .run(
              transaction -> {
                String sql =
                    "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice' RETURNING SingerId, FullName";

                // readWriteTransaction.executeQuery(..) API should be used for executing
                // DML statements with RETURNING clause.
                try (ResultSet resultSet = transaction.executeQuery(Statement.of(sql))) {
                  while (resultSet.next()) {
                    System.out.printf("%d %s\n", resultSet.getLong(0), resultSet.getString(1));
                  }
                  System.out.printf(
                      "Deleted row(s) count: %d\n", resultSet.getStats().getRowCountExact());
                }
                return null;
              });
    }
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library.
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

function pgDeleteUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId) {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database.
  const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
  const database = instance.database(databaseId);

  database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error(err);
      return;
    }
    try {
      const [rows, stats] = await transaction.run({
        sql: 'DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId = 18 RETURNING FullName',
      });

      const rowCount = Math.floor(stats[stats.rowCount]);
      console.log(
        `Successfully deleted ${rowCount} record from the Singers table.`
      );
      rows.forEach(row => {
        console.log(row.toJSON().fullname);
      });

      await transaction.commit();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('ERROR:', err);
    } finally {
      // Close the database when finished.
      database.close();
    }
  });
}
pgDeleteUsingDmlReturning(instanceId, databaseId);

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Delete data from the given postgresql database using DML returning.
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function pg_delete_dml_returning(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $transaction = $database->transaction();

    // Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a particular condition and
    // returns the SingerId and FullName column of the deleted records using
    // ‘RETURNING SingerId, FullName’. It is also possible to return all columns
    //  of all the deleted records by using ‘RETURNING *’.

    $result = $transaction->execute(
        "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'Alice' "
        . 'RETURNING SingerId, FullName',
    );
    foreach ($result->rows() as $row) {
        printf(
            '%d %s.' . PHP_EOL,
            $row['singerid'],
            $row['fullname']
        );
    }
    printf(
        'Deleted row(s) count: %d' . PHP_EOL,
        $result->stats()['rowCountExact']
    );
    $transaction->commit();
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

# Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a
# particular condition and returns the SingerId
# and FullName column of the deleted records using
# 'RETURNING SingerId, FullName'.
# It is also possible to return all columns of all the
# deleted records by using 'RETURNING *'.
def delete_singers(transaction):
    results = transaction.execute_sql(
        "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE FirstName = 'David' "
        "RETURNING SingerId, FullName"
    )
    for result in results:
        print("SingerId: {}, FullName: {}".format(*result))
    print("{} record(s) deleted.".format(results.stats.row_count_exact))

database.run_in_transaction(delete_singers)

Ruby

require "google/cloud/spanner"

##
# This is a snippet for showcasing how to use DML return feature with delete
# operation in PostgreSql.
#
# @param project_id  [String] The ID of the Google Cloud project.
# @param instance_id [String] The ID of the spanner instance.
# @param database_id [String] The ID of the database.
#
def spanner_postgresql_delete_dml_returning project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
  client = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

  client.transaction do |transaction|
    # Delete records from SINGERS table satisfying a particular condition and
    # returns the SingerId and FullName column of the deleted records using
    # ‘RETURNING SingerId, FullName’.
    # It is also possible to return all columns of all the deleted records
    # by using ‘RETURNING *’.
    results = transaction.execute_query "DELETE FROM singers WHERE firstname = 'Alice' RETURNING SingerId, FullName"
    results.rows.each do |row|
      puts "Deleted singer with SingerId: #{row[:singerid]}, FullName: #{row[:fullname]}"
    end
    puts "Deleted row(s) count: #{results.row_count}"
  end
end

Membaca data yang ditulis dalam transaksi yang sama

Perubahan yang Anda buat menggunakan pernyataan DML akan terlihat oleh pernyataan berikutnya dalam transaksi yang sama. Hal ini berbeda dengan menggunakan mutasi, yang perubahannya tidak terlihat hingga transaksi di-commit.

Spanner memeriksa batasan setelah setiap pernyataan DML. Hal ini berbeda dengan penggunaan mutasi, saat Spanner menyimpan mutasi di klien hingga commit dan memeriksa batasan pada waktu commit. Mengevaluasi batasan setelah setiap pernyataan memungkinkan Spanner menjamin bahwa data yang ditampilkan pernyataan DML konsisten dengan skema.

Contoh berikut memperbarui baris dalam tabel Singers, lalu menjalankan pernyataan SELECT untuk mencetak nilai baru.

C++

void DmlWriteThenRead(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;

  auto commit_result = client.Commit(
      [&client](spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        auto insert = client.ExecuteDml(
            txn, spanner::SqlStatement(
                     "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)"
                     "  VALUES (11, 'Timothy', 'Campbell')"));
        if (!insert) return std::move(insert).status();
        // Read newly inserted record.
        spanner::SqlStatement select(
            "SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers where SingerId = 11");
        using RowType = std::tuple<std::string, std::string>;
        auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(txn), std::move(select));
        // Note: This mutator might be re-run, or its effects discarded, so
        // changing non-transactional state (e.g., by producing output) is,
        // in general, not something to be imitated.
        for (auto const& row : spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
          if (!row) return std::move(row).status();
          std::cout << "FirstName: " << std::get<0>(*row) << "\t";
          std::cout << "LastName: " << std::get<1>(*row) << "\n";
        }
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Write then read succeeded [spanner_dml_write_then_read]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class WriteAndReadUsingDmlCoreAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> WriteAndReadUsingDmlCoreAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        using var createDmlCmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand(@"INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES (11, 'Timothy', 'Campbell')");
        int rowCount = await createDmlCmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
        Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) inserted...");

        // Read newly inserted record.
        using var createSelectCmd = connection.CreateSelectCommand(@"SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers WHERE SingerId = 11");
        using var reader = await createSelectCmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"{reader.GetFieldValue<string>("FirstName")}  {reader.GetFieldValue<string>("LastName")}");
        }
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func writeAndReadUsingDML(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		// Insert Record
		stmt := spanner.Statement{
			SQL: `INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)
				VALUES (11, 'Timothy', 'Campbell')`,
		}
		rowCount, err := txn.Update(ctx, stmt)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) inserted.\n", rowCount)

		// Read newly inserted record
		stmt = spanner.Statement{SQL: `SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers WHERE SingerId = 11`}
		iter := txn.Query(ctx, stmt)
		defer iter.Stop()

		for {
			row, err := iter.Next()
			if err == iterator.Done || err != nil {
				break
			}
			var firstName, lastName string
			if err := row.ColumnByName("FirstName", &firstName); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			if err := row.ColumnByName("LastName", &lastName); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Found record name with %s, %s", firstName, lastName)
		}
		return err
	})
	return err
}

Java

static void writeAndReadUsingDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(transaction -> {
        // Insert record.
        String sql =
            "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) "
                + " VALUES (11, 'Timothy', 'Campbell')";
        long rowCount = transaction.executeUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
        System.out.printf("%d record inserted.\n", rowCount);
        // Read newly inserted record.
        sql = "SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers WHERE SingerId = 11";
        // We use a try-with-resource block to automatically release resources held by
        // ResultSet.
        try (ResultSet resultSet = transaction.executeQuery(Statement.of(sql))) {
          while (resultSet.next()) {
            System.out.printf(
                "%s %s\n",
                resultSet.getString("FirstName"), resultSet.getString("LastName"));
          }
        }
        return null;
      });
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

database.runTransaction(async (err, transaction) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    return;
  }
  try {
    await transaction.runUpdate({
      sql: `INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)
        VALUES (11, 'Timothy', 'Campbell')`,
    });

    const [rows] = await transaction.run({
      sql: 'SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers',
    });
    rows.forEach(row => {
      const json = row.toJSON();
      console.log(`${json.FirstName} ${json.LastName}`);
    });

    await transaction.commit();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  } finally {
    // Close the database when finished.
    database.close();
  }
});

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Transaction;

/**
 * Writes then reads data inside a Transaction with a DML statement.
 *
 * The database and table must already exist and can be created using
 * `create_database`.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * insert_data($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function write_read_with_dml(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $database->runTransaction(function (Transaction $t) {
        $rowCount = $t->executeUpdate(
            'INSERT Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) '
            . " VALUES (11, 'Timothy', 'Campbell')");

        printf('Inserted %d row(s).' . PHP_EOL, $rowCount);

        $results = $t->execute('SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers WHERE SingerId = 11');

        foreach ($results as $row) {
            printf('%s %s' . PHP_EOL, $row['FirstName'], $row['LastName']);
        }

        $t->commit();
    });
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

def write_then_read(transaction):
    # Insert record.
    row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
        "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) "
        " VALUES (11, 'Timothy', 'Campbell')"
    )
    print("{} record(s) inserted.".format(row_ct))

    # Read newly inserted record.
    results = transaction.execute_sql(
        "SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers WHERE SingerId = 11"
    )
    for result in results:
        print("FirstName: {}, LastName: {}".format(*result))

database.run_in_transaction(write_then_read)

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id
row_count = 0

client.transaction do |transaction|
  row_count = transaction.execute_update(
    "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES (11, 'Timothy', 'Campbell')"
  )
  puts "#{row_count} record updated."
  transaction.execute("SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers WHERE SingerId = 11").rows.each do |row|
    puts "#{row[:FirstName]} #{row[:LastName]}"
  end
end

Mendapatkan rencana kueri

Anda dapat mengambil rencana kueri menggunakan Konsol Google Cloud, library klien, dan alat command line gcloud.

Menggunakan DML yang Dipartisi

DML yang dipartisi dirancang untuk update dan penghapusan massal, terutama pembersihan dan pengisian ulang berkala.

Menjalankan pernyataan dengan Google Cloud CLI

Untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML Berpartisi, gunakan perintah gcloud spanner databases execute-sql dengan opsi --enable-partitioned-dml. Contoh berikut memperbarui baris dalam tabel Albums.

gcloud spanner databases execute-sql example-db \
    --instance=test-instance --enable-partitioned-dml \
    --sql='UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = 0 WHERE MarketingBudget IS NULL'

Catatan: Spanner tidak mendukung --query-mode=PLAN dan --query-mode=PROFILE untuk DML Partisi.

Mengubah data menggunakan library klien

Contoh kode berikut memperbarui kolom MarketingBudget dari tabel Albums.

C++

Anda menggunakan fungsi ExecutePartitionedDml() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML yang Dipartisi.

void DmlPartitionedUpdate(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto result = client.ExecutePartitionedDml(
      spanner::SqlStatement("UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = 100000"
                            "  WHERE SingerId > 1"));
  if (!result) throw std::move(result).status();
  std::cout << "Updated at least " << result->row_count_lower_bound
            << " row(s) [spanner_dml_partitioned_update]\n";
}

C#

Anda menggunakan metode ExecutePartitionedUpdateAsync() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML Berpartisi.

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class UpdateUsingPartitionedDmlCoreAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<long> UpdateUsingPartitionedDmlCoreAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = 100000 WHERE SingerId > 1");
        long rowCount = await cmd.ExecutePartitionedUpdateAsync();

        Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) updated...");
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

Anda menggunakan metode PartitionedUpdate() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML Berpartisi.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func updateUsingPartitionedDML(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	stmt := spanner.Statement{SQL: "UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = 100000 WHERE SingerId > 1"}
	rowCount, err := client.PartitionedUpdate(ctx, stmt)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) updated.\n", rowCount)
	return nil
}

Java

Anda menggunakan metode executePartitionedUpdate() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML Berpartisi.

static void updateUsingPartitionedDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  String sql = "UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = 100000 WHERE SingerId > 1";
  long rowCount = dbClient.executePartitionedUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
  System.out.printf("%d records updated.\n", rowCount);
}

Node.js

Anda menggunakan metode runPartitionedUpdate() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML Berpartisi.

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

try {
  const [rowCount] = await database.runPartitionedUpdate({
    sql: 'UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = 100000 WHERE SingerId > 1',
  });
  console.log(`Successfully updated ${rowCount} records.`);
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  database.close();
}

PHP

Anda menggunakan metode executePartitionedUpdate() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML Berpartisi.

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Updates sample data in the database by partition with a DML statement.
 *
 * This updates the `MarketingBudget` column which must be created before
 * running this sample. You can add the column by running the `add_column`
 * sample or by running this DDL statement against your database:
 *
 *     ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64
 *
 * Example:
 * ```
 * update_data($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function update_data_with_partitioned_dml(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $rowCount = $database->executePartitionedUpdate(
        'UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = 100000 WHERE SingerId > 1'
    );

    printf('Updated %d row(s).' . PHP_EOL, $rowCount);
}

Python

Anda menggunakan metode execute_partitioned_dml() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML Berpartisi.

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

row_ct = database.execute_partitioned_dml(
    "UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = 100000 WHERE SingerId > 1"
)

print("{} records updated.".format(row_ct))

Ruby

Anda menggunakan metode execute_partitioned_update() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan DML Berpartisi.

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

row_count = client.execute_partition_update(
  "UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = 100000 WHERE SingerId > 1"
)

puts "#{row_count} records updated."

Contoh kode berikut menghapus baris dari tabel Singers, berdasarkan kolom SingerId.

C++

void DmlPartitionedDelete(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto result = client.ExecutePartitionedDml(
      spanner::SqlStatement("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId > 10"));
  if (!result) throw std::move(result).status();
  std::cout << "Deleted at least " << result->row_count_lower_bound
            << " row(s) [spanner_dml_partitioned_delete]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class DeleteUsingPartitionedDmlCoreAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<long> DeleteUsingPartitionedDmlCoreAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        using var cmd = connection.CreateDmlCommand("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId > 10");
        long rowCount = await cmd.ExecutePartitionedUpdateAsync();

        Console.WriteLine($"{rowCount} row(s) deleted...");
        return rowCount;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func deleteUsingPartitionedDML(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	stmt := spanner.Statement{SQL: "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId > 10"}
	rowCount, err := client.PartitionedUpdate(ctx, stmt)
	if err != nil {
		return err

	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d record(s) deleted.", rowCount)
	return nil
}

Java

static void deleteUsingPartitionedDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  String sql = "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId > 10";
  long rowCount = dbClient.executePartitionedUpdate(Statement.of(sql));
  System.out.printf("%d records deleted.\n", rowCount);
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

try {
  const [rowCount] = await database.runPartitionedUpdate({
    sql: 'DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId > 10',
  });
  console.log(`Successfully deleted ${rowCount} records.`);
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  database.close();
}

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Delete sample data in the database by partition with a DML statement.
 *
 * This updates the `MarketingBudget` column which must be created before
 * running this sample. You can add the column by running the `add_column`
 * sample or by running this DDL statement against your database:
 *
 *     ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64
 *
 * Example:
 * ```
 * update_data($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function delete_data_with_partitioned_dml(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $rowCount = $database->executePartitionedUpdate(
        'DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId > 10'
    );

    printf('Deleted %d row(s).' . PHP_EOL, $rowCount);
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"
spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

row_ct = database.execute_partitioned_dml("DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId > 10")

print("{} record(s) deleted.".format(row_ct))

Ruby

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

row_count = client.execute_partition_update(
  "DELETE FROM Singers WHERE SingerId > 10"
)

puts "#{row_count} records deleted."

Menggunakan DML batch

Jika Anda perlu menghindari latensi tambahan yang timbul dari beberapa permintaan serial, gunakan DML batch untuk mengirim beberapa pernyataan INSERT, UPDATE, atau DELETE dalam satu transaksi:

C++

Gunakan fungsi ExecuteBatchDml() untuk menjalankan daftar pernyataan DML.

void DmlBatchUpdate(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  auto commit_result =
      client.Commit([&client](spanner::Transaction const& txn)
                        -> google::cloud::StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
        std::vector<spanner::SqlStatement> statements = {
            spanner::SqlStatement("INSERT INTO Albums"
                                  " (SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle,"
                                  " MarketingBudget)"
                                  " VALUES (1, 3, 'Test Album Title', 10000)"),
            spanner::SqlStatement("UPDATE Albums"
                                  " SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2"
                                  "  WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 3")};
        auto result = client.ExecuteBatchDml(txn, statements);
        if (!result) return std::move(result).status();
        // Note: This mutator might be re-run, or its effects discarded, so
        // changing non-transactional state (e.g., by producing output) is,
        // in general, not something to be imitated.
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < result->stats.size(); ++i) {
          std::cout << result->stats[i].row_count << " rows affected"
                    << " for the statement " << (i + 1) << ".\n";
        }
        // Batch operations may have partial failures, in which case
        // ExecuteBatchDml returns with success, but the application should
        // verify that all statements completed successfully
        if (!result->status.ok()) return result->status;
        return spanner::Mutations{};
      });
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Update was successful [spanner_dml_batch_update]\n";
}

C#

Gunakan metode connection.CreateBatchDmlCommand() untuk membuat perintah batch, gunakan metode Add untuk menambahkan pernyataan DML, dan jalankan pernyataan dengan metode ExecuteNonQueryAsync().

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class UpdateUsingBatchDmlCoreAsyncSample
{
    public async Task<int> UpdateUsingBatchDmlCoreAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        await connection.OpenAsync();

        SpannerBatchCommand cmd = connection.CreateBatchDmlCommand();

        cmd.Add("INSERT INTO Albums (SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle, MarketingBudget) VALUES (1, 3, 'Test Album Title', 10000)");

        cmd.Add("UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 3");

        IEnumerable<long> affectedRows = await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();

        Console.WriteLine($"Executed {affectedRows.Count()} " + "SQL statements using Batch DML.");
        return affectedRows.Count();
    }
}

Go

Gunakan metode BatchUpdate() untuk mengeksekusi array objek Statement DML.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func updateUsingBatchDML(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	_, err = client.ReadWriteTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, txn *spanner.ReadWriteTransaction) error {
		stmts := []spanner.Statement{
			{SQL: `INSERT INTO Albums
				(SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle, MarketingBudget)
				VALUES (1, 3, 'Test Album Title', 10000)`},
			{SQL: `UPDATE Albums
				SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
				WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 3`},
		}
		rowCounts, err := txn.BatchUpdate(ctx, stmts)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Executed %d SQL statements using Batch DML.\n", len(rowCounts))
		return nil
	})
	return err
}

Java

Gunakan metode transaction.batchUpdate() untuk menjalankan ArrayList dari beberapa objek Statement DML.

static void updateUsingBatchDml(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  dbClient
      .readWriteTransaction()
      .run(transaction -> {
        List<Statement> stmts = new ArrayList<Statement>();
        String sql =
            "INSERT INTO Albums "
                + "(SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle, MarketingBudget) "
                + "VALUES (1, 3, 'Test Album Title', 10000) ";
        stmts.add(Statement.of(sql));
        sql =
            "UPDATE Albums "
                + "SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 "
                + "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 3";
        stmts.add(Statement.of(sql));
        long[] rowCounts;
        try {
          rowCounts = transaction.batchUpdate(stmts);
        } catch (SpannerBatchUpdateException e) {
          rowCounts = e.getUpdateCounts();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < rowCounts.length; i++) {
          System.out.printf("%d record updated by stmt %d.\n", rowCounts[i], i);
        }
        return null;
      });
}

Node.js

Gunakan transaction.batchUpdate() untuk mengeksekusi daftar pernyataan DML.

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

const insert = {
  sql: `INSERT INTO Albums (SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle, MarketingBudget)
    VALUES (1, 3, "Test Album Title", 10000)`,
};

const update = {
  sql: `UPDATE Albums SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2
    WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 3`,
};

const dmlStatements = [insert, update];

try {
  await database.runTransactionAsync(async transaction => {
    const [rowCounts] = await transaction.batchUpdate(dmlStatements);
    await transaction.commit();
    console.log(
      `Successfully executed ${rowCounts.length} SQL statements using Batch DML.`
    );
  });
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
  throw err;
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  database.close();
}

PHP

Gunakan executeUpdateBatch() untuk membuat daftar pernyataan DML, lalu gunakan commit() untuk mengeksekusi pernyataan.

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Transaction;

/**
 * Updates sample data in the database with Batch DML.
 *
 * This requires the `MarketingBudget` column which must be created before
 * running this sample. You can add the column by running the `add_column`
 * sample or by running this DDL statement against your database:
 *
 *     ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64
 *
 * Example:
 * ```
 * update_data_with_batch_dml($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function update_data_with_batch_dml(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $batchDmlResult = $database->runTransaction(function (Transaction $t) {
        $result = $t->executeUpdateBatch([
            [
                'sql' => 'INSERT INTO Albums '
                . '(SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle, MarketingBudget) '
                . "VALUES (1, 3, 'Test Album Title', 10000)"
            ],
            [
                'sql' => 'UPDATE Albums '
                . 'SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 '
                . 'WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 3'
            ],
        ]);
        $t->commit();
        $rowCounts = count($result->rowCounts());
        printf('Executed %s SQL statements using Batch DML.' . PHP_EOL,
            $rowCounts);
    });
}

Python

Gunakan transaction.batch_update() untuk mengeksekusi beberapa string pernyataan DML.

from google.rpc.code_pb2 import OK

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

insert_statement = (
    "INSERT INTO Albums "
    "(SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle, MarketingBudget) "
    "VALUES (1, 3, 'Test Album Title', 10000)"
)

update_statement = (
    "UPDATE Albums "
    "SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 "
    "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 3"
)

def update_albums(transaction):
    status, row_cts = transaction.batch_update([insert_statement, update_statement])

    if status.code != OK:
        # Do handling here.
        # Note: the exception will still be raised when
        # `commit` is called by `run_in_transaction`.
        return

    print("Executed {} SQL statements using Batch DML.".format(len(row_cts)))

database.run_in_transaction(update_albums)

Ruby

Gunakan transaction.batch_update untuk mengeksekusi beberapa string pernyataan DML.

# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"

spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id

row_counts = nil
client.transaction do |transaction|
  row_counts = transaction.batch_update do |b|
    b.batch_update(
      "INSERT INTO Albums " \
      "(SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle, MarketingBudget) " \
      "VALUES (1, 3, 'Test Album Title', 10000)"
    )
    b.batch_update(
      "UPDATE Albums " \
      "SET MarketingBudget = MarketingBudget * 2 " \
      "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 3"
    )
  end
end

statement_count = row_counts.count

puts "Executed #{statement_count} SQL statements using Batch DML."