クライアント アプリケーションから API へのリクエストに JSON ウェブトークン(JWT)が含まれている場合、Extensible Service Proxy(ESP)はそのリクエストを API バックエンドに送信する前に JWT を検証します。ここでは、JWT 検証で不合格になり、クライアントへのレスポンスでエラーが返される場合のトラブルシューティング情報を説明します。JWT の詳細については、RFC7519 をご覧ください。
エラー: 401: Jwt issuer is not configured
これは、Cloud Run で ESPv2 をデプロイする際、gcloud run deploy コマンドでフラグ --allow-unauthenticated が使用されない場合に発生する可能性があります。このフラグを使用しない場合、ESPv2 ではなく、Cloud Run の <a=" docs="" managing-access"="" run="" securing=""> アクセス制御 IAM サーバーによって、JWT トークンがインターセプトおよび検証されます。IAM は ESPv2 とは異なる発行元を使用できます。</a=">
[[["わかりやすい","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["問題の解決に役立った","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["その他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["わかりにくい","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["情報またはサンプルコードが不正確","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["必要な情報 / サンプルがない","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻訳に関する問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["その他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最終更新日 2025-09-04 UTC。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis document provides troubleshooting steps for JSON Web Token (JWT) validation failures encountered when using the Extensible Service Proxy (ESP) with an API.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCommon JWT validation errors include \u003ccode\u003eBAD_FORMAT\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eTIME_CONSTRAINT_FAILURE\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eUNKNOWN\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eKEY_RETRIEVAL_ERROR\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eIssuer not allowed\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003eAudience not allowed\u003c/code\u003e, each with specific diagnostic instructions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eWhen using Cloud Run, make sure the \u003ccode\u003e--allow-unauthenticated\u003c/code\u003e flag is used to prevent Cloud Run from intercepting and verifying the JWT token.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe document emphasizes checking the JWT's structure, ensuring the presence of required fields like \u003ccode\u003e"iss"\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e"sub"\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003e"aud"\u003c/code\u003e, and using \u003ca href=\"https://jwt.io/\"\u003ejwt.io\u003c/a\u003e to decode and examine the JWT's content.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCorrect configuration of the \u003ccode\u003ex-google-jwks_uri\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ex-google-issuer\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003ex-google-audiences\u003c/code\u003e fields in the OpenAPI document is critical for successful JWT validation.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Troubleshooting JWT validation\n\nOpenAPI \\| [gRPC](/endpoints/docs/grpc/troubleshoot-jwt \"View this page for the Cloud Endpoints gRPC docs\")\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nWhen a client application includes a JSON Web Token (JWT) in a request to an\nAPI, the [Extensible Service Proxy (ESP)](/endpoints/docs/openapi/glossary#extensible_service_proxy)\nvalidates the JWT before sending the request to the API\nbackend. This page provides troubleshooting information if the JWT validation\nfails and ESP returns an error in the response to the client. See\n[RFC 7519](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519) for more information\nabout JWTs.\n**Error: `401: Jwt issuer is not configured`**\n\nThis may happen when deploying ESPv2 in Cloud Run, the flag\n`--allow-unauthenticated` is not used in `gcloud run deploy` command.\nIf the flag is not used, the JWT token is intercepted\nand verified by Cloud Run access control IAM server and not by ESPv2. IAM may use a different issuer than ESPv2.\n**Error: `BAD_FORMAT`**\n\nCheck the\nfollowing:\n\n- Make sure the JWT contains valid JSON.\n- Check that the JWT header has the `\"alg\"` field and is set to one of the following: `\"RS256\"`, `\"HS256\"`, `\"RS384\"`, `\"HS384\"`, `\"RS512\"`, or `\"HS512\"`\n- Check the data type of the following fields (if they are present) in the JWT payload:\n - The `\"iat\"` (issued at), `\"exp\"` (expiration time), and `\"nbf\"`(not before) claims are numbers greater than 0 and not strings.\n - The `\"sub\"` (subject), `\"iss\"` (issuer), and `\"jti\"` (JWT ID) fields are strings.\n - The `\"aud\"` (audience) claim is either a string or an array of strings.\n- Ensure that the following claims are present in the JWT payload: `\"sub\"` (subject), `\"iss\"` (issuer), and `\"aud\"` (audience).\n\nThe following is an example of a decoded JWT token that is valid: \n\n```\n{\n \"alg\": \"RS256\",\n \"typ\": \"JWT\",\n \"kid\": \"42ba1e234ac91ffca687a5b5b3d0ca2d7ce0fc0a\"\n}\n\nPayload:\n{\n \"iss\": \"myservice@myproject.iam.gserviceaccount.com\",\n \"iat\": 1493833746,\n \"aud\": \"myservice.appspot.com\",\n \"exp\": 1493837346,\n \"sub\": \"myservice@myproject.iam.gserviceaccount.com\"\n}\n```\n**Error: `TIME_CONSTRAINT_FAILURE`**\n\nUse [jwt.io](https://jwt.io/) to decode the JWT and make sure that:\n\n- The `\"exp\"` (expiration time) claim exists.\n- The `\"exp\"` (expiration time) claim value is a date and time in the future. The current date and time must be before the expiration date and time listed in the `\"exp\"` claim.\n- The `\"nbf\"` (not before) claim (If present) is a date and time in the past. The current date and time must be after or equal to the date and time listed in the `\"nbf\"` claim.\n\n**Error: `UNKNOWN`**\n\nUse [jwt.io](https://jwt.io/) to decode the JWT and ensure that:\n\n- If the `\"iss\"` (issuer) claim is an email address, then the `\"sub\"` (subject) and `\"iss\"` claims should be the same. This is to ensure that for e-mail issuers, the JWT is self issued.\n\n**Error: `KEY_RETRIEVAL_ERROR`**\n\n- Check that the public key URI specified in the [`x-google-jwks_uri`](/endpoints/docs/openapi/openapi-extensions#x-google-jwks_uri) field in your OpenAPI document is correct and valid.\n\n**Error: `Issuer not allowed`**\n\n- Check that the `\"iss\"` (issuer) claim in your JWT token matches the\n [`x-google-issuer`](/endpoints/docs/openapi/openapi-extensions#x-google-issuer)\n field in the `securityDefinitions` section of the security object in your\n OpenAPI document.\n\n- In your OpenAPI document, check that the security object is\n enabled for the API method invoked.\n\nSee the\n[sample openapi.yaml](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/blob/master/endpoints/getting-started/openapi.yaml)\nfile for an example of how to describe security at the method level by using\n`securityDefinition` and `security` objects.\n\n**Error: `Audience not allowed`**\n\nCompare the `\"aud\"` (audience) claim in a JWT token to see if it matches the\nEndpoints service name, which corresponds to the `host` field in\nthe OpenAPI document.\n\nIf the `\"aud\"` claim and the Endpoints service name are\ndifferent:\n\n- Check that the `\"aud\"` claim in the JWT matches one of the\n `x-google-audiences` values specified in your OpenAPI document.\n\n- Make sure that the `x-google-audiences` and `x-google-issuer` are in the same\n `securityDefinitions` object in your OpenAPI document.\n\nIf the `\"aud\"` claim and the Endpoints service name are the same,\nthe ESP validates the audience and\nignores the\n[`x-google-audiences`](/endpoints/docs/openapi/openapi-extensions#x-google-audiences)\nvalues in your OpenAPI document. For example, if your service name\nis `\"myservice.endpoints.example-project-12345.cloud.goog\"`, then a JWT with\n`\"aud\"` set to `\"myservice.endpoints.example-project-12345.cloud.goog\"` or\n`\"https://myservice.endpoints.example-project-12345.cloud.goog\"` is a valid\naudience."]]