Kube 状态指标

本文档介绍了如何配置 Google Kubernetes Engine 部署，以便使用 Google Cloud Managed Service for Prometheus 从 Kube 状态指标中收集指标。本页面介绍如何完成以下任务：

• 设置 Kube State Metrics 以报告指标。
• 为 Managed Service for Prometheus 配置 PodMonitoring 资源以收集导出的指标。
• 在 Cloud Monitoring 中访问信息中心以查看指标。
• 配置提醒规则以监控指标。

以下说明仅在您将代管式收集功能与 Managed Service for Prometheus 搭配使用时适用。 如果您使用的是自行部署的收集功能，请参阅 Kube 状态指标的源代码库以了解安装信息。

这些说明仅作为示例提供，应该适用于大多数 Kubernetes 环境。如果您因为限制性安全或组织政策而无法安装应用或导出器，则我们建议您查阅开源文档以获取支持。

前提条件

要使用 Managed Service for Prometheus 和代管式收集功能从 Kube 状态指标收集指标，您的部署必须满足以下要求：

• 您的集群必须运行 Google Kubernetes Engine 1.21.4-gke.300 或更高版本。
• 您必须运行 Managed Service for Prometheus，并启用代管式收集功能。如需了解详情，请参阅代管式收集功能使用入门。

• 如需使用 Cloud Monitoring 中提供的信息中心进行集成，您必须使用 kube-state-metrics 2.4.2 版或更高版本。

  如需详细了解可用的信息中心，请参阅安装信息中心。

代管式 Kube State Metrics

GKE 提供 Kube State Metrics 的全代管式部署，作为配置此集成的替代方案。可安装软件包提供了一组有针对性的精选 kube 状态指标，需要较少的设置工作。如需了解详情，请参阅软件包：Kube State Metrics。

安装 Kube 状态指标

您可以使用以下配置来安装 Kube State Metrics：

# Copyright 2023 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.12.0
  namespace: gmp-public
  name: kube-state-metrics
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
  serviceName: kube-state-metrics
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.12.0
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/arch
                operator: In
                values:
                - arm64
                - amd64
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      containers:
      - name: kube-state-metric
        image: registry.k8s.io/kube-state-metrics/kube-state-metrics:v2.12.0
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        args:
        - --pod=$(POD_NAME)
        - --pod-namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
        - --port=8080
        - --telemetry-port=8081
        ports:
        - name: metrics
          containerPort: 8080
        - name: metrics-self
          containerPort: 8081
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 190Mi
          limits:
            memory: 250Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            drop:
            - all
          runAsUser: 1000
          runAsGroup: 1000
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 8081
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 5
      serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.12.0
  namespace: gmp-public
  name: kube-state-metrics
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - name: metrics
    port: 8080
    targetPort: metrics
  - name: metrics-self
    port: 8081
    targetPort: metrics-self
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  namespace: gmp-public
  name: kube-state-metrics
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.12.0
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: gmp-public:kube-state-metrics
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.12.0
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: gmp-public:kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  namespace: gmp-public
  name: kube-state-metrics
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: gmp-public:kube-state-metrics
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.12.0
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - secrets
  - nodes
  - pods
  - services
  - resourcequotas
  - replicationcontrollers
  - limitranges
  - persistentvolumeclaims
  - persistentvolumes
  - namespaces
  - endpoints
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - daemonsets
  - deployments
  - replicasets
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - apps
  resources:
  - statefulsets
  - daemonsets
  - deployments
  - replicasets
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - apps
  resources:
  - statefulsets
  verbs:
  - get 
- apiGroups:
  - batch
  resources:
  - cronjobs
  - jobs
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - autoscaling
  resources:
  - horizontalpodautoscalers
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - authentication.k8s.io
  resources:
  - tokenreviews
  verbs:
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - authorization.k8s.io
  resources:
  - subjectaccessreviews
  verbs:
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - policy
  resources:
  - poddisruptionbudgets
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - certificates.k8s.io
  resources:
  - certificatesigningrequests
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - storage.k8s.io
  resources:
  - storageclasses
  - volumeattachments
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - admissionregistration.k8s.io
  resources:
  - mutatingwebhookconfigurations
  - validatingwebhookconfigurations
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - networkpolicies
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: gmp-public
spec:
  maxReplicas: 10
  minReplicas: 1
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: StatefulSet
    name: kube-state-metrics
  metrics:
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: memory
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 60
  behavior:
    scaleDown:
      policies:
      - type: Pods
        value: 1
        # Under-utilization needs to persist for `periodSeconds` before any action can be taken.
        # Current supported max from https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/horizontal-pod-autoscaler-v2beta2/.
        periodSeconds: 1800
      # Current supported max from https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/workload-resources/horizontal-pod-autoscaler-v2beta2/.
      stabilizationWindowSeconds: 3600
---
apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: ClusterPodMonitoring
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
  endpoints:
  - port: metrics
    interval: 30s
    metricRelabeling:
    - action: keep
      # Curated subset of metrics to reduce costs while populating default set of sample dashboards at
      # https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/monitoring-dashboard-samples/tree/master/dashboards/kubernetes
      # Change this regex to fit your needs for which objects you want to monitor    
      regex: kube_(daemonset|deployment|replicaset|pod|namespace|node|statefulset|persistentvolume|horizontalpodautoscaler|job_created)(_.+)?
      sourceLabels: [__name__]
  targetLabels:
    metadata: [] # explicitly empty so the metric labels are respected
---
apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: PodMonitoring
metadata:
  namespace: gmp-public
  name: kube-state-metrics
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
  endpoints:
  - port: metrics-self
    interval: 30s

如需从本地文件应用配置更改，请运行以下命令：

kubectl apply -f FILE_NAME

您还可以使用 Terraform 管理您的配置。

定义规则和提醒

您可以使用以下 Rules 配置来定义指标提醒：

# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: Rules
metadata:
  namespace: gmp-public
  name: kube-state-metrics-rules
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: rules
    app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
  groups:
    - name: kube-state-metrics
      interval: 30s
      rules:
      - alert: KubeStateMetricsListErrors
        annotations:
          description: kube-state-metrics is experiencing errors at an elevated rate in list operations. This is likely causing it to not be able to expose metrics about Kubernetes objects correctly or at all.
          summary: kube-state-metrics is experiencing errors in list operations.
        expr: |
          (sum(rate(kube_state_metrics_list_total{job="kube-state-metrics",result="error"}[5m]))
            /
          sum(rate(kube_state_metrics_list_total{job="kube-state-metrics"}[5m])))
          > 0.01
        for: 15m
        labels:
          severity: critical
      - alert: KubeStateMetricsWatchErrors
        annotations:
          description: kube-state-metrics is experiencing errors at an elevated rate in watch operations. This is likely causing it to not be able to expose metrics about Kubernetes objects correctly or at all.
          summary: kube-state-metrics is experiencing errors in watch operations.
        expr: |
          (sum(rate(kube_state_metrics_watch_total{job="kube-state-metrics",result="error"}[5m]))
            /
          sum(rate(kube_state_metrics_watch_total{job="kube-state-metrics"}[5m])))
          > 0.01
        for: 15m
        labels:
          severity: critical
      - alert: KubeStateMetricsShardingMismatch
        annotations:
          description: kube-state-metrics pods are running with different --total-shards configuration, some Kubernetes objects may be exposed multiple times or not exposed at all.
          summary: kube-state-metrics sharding is misconfigured.
        expr: |
          stdvar (kube_state_metrics_total_shards{job="kube-state-metrics"}) != 0
        for: 15m
        labels:
          severity: critical
      - alert: KubeStateMetricsShardsMissing
        annotations:
          description: kube-state-metrics shards are missing, some Kubernetes objects are not being exposed.
          summary: kube-state-metrics shards are missing.
        expr: |
          2^max(kube_state_metrics_total_shards{job="kube-state-metrics"}) - 1
            -
          sum( 2 ^ max by (shard_ordinal) (kube_state_metrics_shard_ordinal{job="kube-state-metrics"}) )
          != 0
        for: 15m
        labels:
          severity: critical

如需从本地文件应用配置更改，请运行以下命令：

kubectl apply -f FILE_NAME

您还可以使用 Terraform 管理您的配置。

如需详细了解如何将规则应用于您的集群，请参阅代管式规则评估和提醒。

此 Rules 配置改编自贡献给 kube-state-metrics 代码库的规则和提醒。

验证配置

您可以使用 Metrics Explorer 来验证是否正确配置了导出器。Cloud Monitoring 可能需要一两分钟时间来注入您的指标。

要验证指标是否已注入，请执行以下操作：

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到 Metrics Explorer 页面：

   进入 Metrics Explorer

   如果您使用搜索栏查找此页面，请选择子标题为监控的结果。

2. 在查询构建器窗格的工具栏中，选择名为  MQL 或  PromQL 的按钮。
3. 验证已在PromQL 切换开关中选择 PromQL。语言切换开关位于同一工具栏中，用于设置查询的格式。
4. 输入并运行以下查询：
   

   up{job="kube-state-metrics", cluster="CLUSTER_NAME", namespace="gmp-public"}
   

安装信息中心

Cloud Monitoring 提供了一个用于集成的信息中心示例库。示例库包含“Prometheus”信息中心，您可以安装该信息中心以查看 Google Cloud 控制台中的数据。

请注意，Kubernetes 集群 Prometheus 概览信息中心要求安装 Node Exporter。Kubernetes Pod Prometheus 概览信息中心要求安装 Node Exporter 和 cAdvisor/Kubelet。

如需从示例库安装信息中心，请执行以下操作：

1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，转到 信息中心页面：

   前往信息中心

   如果您使用搜索栏查找此页面，请选择子标题为监控的结果。

2. 选择示例库标签页。
3. 选择其他类别。
4. （可选）如需在不安装信息中心的情况下查看静态预览，请点击预览。
5. 选择要安装的信息中心，然后点击  导入。

如需详细了解如何安装信息中心，请参阅安装示例信息中心。

问题排查

如需了解如何排查指标注入问题，请参阅排查注入端问题中的从导出器收集的问题。