Recuperar datos con la recuperación de un momento determinado (PITR)

En esta página, se describe cómo usar la recuperación de un momento determinado (PITR) para retener y recuperar datos en Cloud Spanner.

Para obtener más información, consulta Recuperación de un momento determinado.

Prerequisites

En esta guía, se usa la base de datos y el esquema como se define en la guía de inicio rápido de Cloud Spanner. Puedes ejecutar la guía de inicio rápido para crear la base de datos y el esquema, o modificar los comandos para usarlos con tu propia base de datos.

Configura el período de retención

Para establecer el período de retención de tu base de datos, sigue estos pasos:

Console

Ve a la página Instancias de Cloud Spanner en Console.

Ir a la página Instancias de Cloud Spanner
Haz clic en la instancia que contiene la base de datos para abrir su página de descripción general.
Haz clic en la base de datos para abrir la página Descripción general.
Selecciona la pestaña Copia de seguridad y restablecimiento.
Haz clic en el ícono de lápiz en el campo Período de retención de la versión.
Ingresa una cantidad y una unidad de tiempo para el período de retención y, luego, haz clic en Actualizar.

gcloud

Actualiza el esquema de la base de datos con la declaración ALTER DATABASE. Por ejemplo:

gcloud spanner databases ddl update example-db --instance=test-instance \
    --ddl='ALTER DATABASE `example-db` SET OPTIONS (version_retention_period="7d");'

Para ver el período de retención, obtén el DDL de tu base de datos:

gcloud spanner databases ddl describe example-db --instance=test-instance

Este es el resultado:

ALTER DATABASE example-db SET OPTIONS (
  version_retention_period = '7d'
);
...

Bibliotecas cliente

C#

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using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class CreateDatabaseWithRetentionPeriodAsyncSample
{
    public async Task CreateDatabaseWithRetentionPeriodAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}";

        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        var versionRetentionPeriod = "7d";
        var createStatement = $"CREATE DATABASE `{databaseId}`";
        var alterStatement = @$"ALTER DATABASE `{databaseId}` SET OPTIONS
                   (version_retention_period = '{versionRetentionPeriod}')";
        // The retention period cannot be set as part of the CREATE DATABASE statement,
        // but can be set using an ALTER DATABASE statement directly after database creation.
        using var createDbCommand = connection.CreateDdlCommand(
            createStatement,
            alterStatement
        );
        await createDbCommand.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
    }
}

C++

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void CreateDatabaseWithVersionRetentionPeriod(
    google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
    std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
    std::string const& database_id) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  google::spanner::admin::database::v1::CreateDatabaseRequest request;
  request.set_parent(database.instance().FullName());
  request.set_create_statement("CREATE DATABASE `" + database.database_id() +
                               "`");
  request.add_extra_statements("ALTER DATABASE `" + database.database_id() +
                               "` " +
                               "SET OPTIONS (version_retention_period='2h')");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
      CREATE TABLE Singers (
          SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,
          FirstName  STRING(1024),
          LastName   STRING(1024),
          SingerInfo BYTES(MAX)
      ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId))""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
      CREATE TABLE Albums (
          SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
          AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
          AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
      ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
          INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE)""");
  auto db = client.CreateDatabase(request).get();
  if (!db) throw std::runtime_error(db.status().message());
  std::cout << "Database " << db->name() << " created.\n";

  auto ddl = client.GetDatabaseDdl(db->name());
  if (!ddl) throw std::runtime_error(ddl.status().message());
  std::cout << "Database DDL is:\n" << ddl->DebugString();
}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"regexp"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/spanner/admin/database/v1"
)

func createDatabaseWithRetentionPeriod(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, db string) error {
	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.+)/databases/(.+)$").FindStringSubmatch(db)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
		return fmt.Errorf("createDatabaseWithRetentionPeriod: invalid database id %q", db)
	}

	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("createDatabaseWithRetentionPeriod.NewDatabaseAdminClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	// Create a database with a version retention period of 7 days.
	retentionPeriod := "7d"
	alterDatabase := fmt.Sprintf(
		"ALTER DATABASE `%s` SET OPTIONS (version_retention_period = '%s')",
		matches[2], retentionPeriod,
	)
	req := adminpb.CreateDatabaseRequest{
		Parent:          matches[1],
		CreateStatement: "CREATE DATABASE `" + matches[2] + "`",
		ExtraStatements: []string{
			`CREATE TABLE Singers (
				SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,
				FirstName  STRING(1024),
				LastName   STRING(1024),
				SingerInfo BYTES(MAX)
			) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)`,
			`CREATE TABLE Albums (
				SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
				AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
				AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
			) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
			INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE`,
			alterDatabase,
		},
	}
	op, err := adminClient.CreateDatabase(ctx, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("createDatabaseWithRetentionPeriod.CreateDatabase: %v", err)
	}
	if _, err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("createDatabaseWithRetentionPeriod.Wait: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created database [%s] with version retention period %q\n", db, retentionPeriod)
	return nil
}

Java

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import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Database;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseAdminClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerException;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerExceptionFactory;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.CreateDatabaseMetadata;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

public class CreateDatabaseWithVersionRetentionPeriodSample {

  static void createDatabaseWithVersionRetentionPeriod() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";
    String versionRetentionPeriod = "7d";

    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService()) {
      DatabaseAdminClient adminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();
      createDatabaseWithVersionRetentionPeriod(adminClient, instanceId, databaseId,
          versionRetentionPeriod);
    }
  }

  static void createDatabaseWithVersionRetentionPeriod(DatabaseAdminClient adminClient,
      String instanceId, String databaseId, String versionRetentionPeriod) {
    OperationFuture<Database, CreateDatabaseMetadata> op =
        adminClient.createDatabase(
            instanceId,
            databaseId,
            Arrays.asList(
                "CREATE TABLE Singers ("
                    + "  SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,"
                    + "  FirstName  STRING(1024),"
                    + "  LastName   STRING(1024),"
                    + "  SingerInfo BYTES(MAX)"
                    + ") PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)",
                "CREATE TABLE Albums ("
                    + "  SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,"
                    + "  AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,"
                    + "  AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)"
                    + ") PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),"
                    + "  INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE",
                "ALTER DATABASE " + "`" + databaseId + "`"
                    + " SET OPTIONS ( version_retention_period = '" + versionRetentionPeriod + "' )"
            ));
    try {
      Database database = op.get();
      System.out.println("Created database [" + database.getId() + "]");
      System.out.println("\tVersion retention period: " + database.getVersionRetentionPeriod());
      System.out.println("\tEarliest version time: " + database.getEarliestVersionTime());
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      // If the operation failed during execution, expose the cause.
      throw (SpannerException) e.getCause();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      // Throw when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or otherwise occupied,
      // and the thread is interrupted, either before or during the activity.
      throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
    }
  }
}

Nodo

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// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

try {
  // Create a new database with an extra statement which will alter the
  // database after creation to set the version retention period.
  console.log(`Creating database ${instance.formattedName_}.`);
  const versionRetentionStatement = `
    ALTER DATABASE \`${databaseId}\`
    SET OPTIONS (version_retention_period = '1d')`;
  const [, operation] = await database.create({
    extraStatements: [versionRetentionStatement],
  });

  console.log(`Waiting for operation on ${database.id} to complete...`);
  await operation.promise();
  console.log(`
      Created database ${databaseId} with version retention period.`);

  const [data] = await database.get();
  console.log(
    `Version retention period: ${data.metadata.versionRetentionPeriod}`
  );
  const earliestVersionTime = Spanner.timestamp(
    data.metadata.earliestVersionTime
  );
  console.log(`Earliest version time: ${earliestVersionTime}`);
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
}

PHP

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use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Creates a database with data retention for Point In Time Restore.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * create_database_with_version_retention_period($instanceId, $databaseId, $retentionPeriod);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 * @param string $retentionPeriod The data retention period for the database.
 */
function create_database_with_version_retention_period($instanceId, $databaseId, $retentionPeriod)
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);

    if (!$instance->exists()) {
        throw new \LogicException("Instance $instanceId does not exist");
    }

    $operation = $instance->createDatabase($databaseId, ['statements' => [
        'CREATE TABLE Singers (
            SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
            FirstName    STRING(1024),
            LastName     STRING(1024),
            SingerInfo   BYTES(MAX)
        ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)',
        'CREATE TABLE Albums (
            SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
            AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
            AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
        ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
        INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE',
        "ALTER DATABASE `$databaseId` SET OPTIONS (
        version_retention_period = '$retentionPeriod')"
    ]]);

    print('Waiting for operation to complete...' . PHP_EOL);
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();

    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);
    $databaseInfo = $database->info();

    printf('Database %s created with version retention period %s and earliest version time %s' . PHP_EOL,
        $databaseId, $databaseInfo['versionRetentionPeriod'], $databaseInfo['earliestVersionTime']);
}

Python

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def create_database_with_version_retention_period(
    instance_id, database_id, retention_period
):
    """Creates a database with a version retention period."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    ddl_statements = [
        "CREATE TABLE Singers ("
        + "  SingerId   INT64 NOT NULL,"
        + "  FirstName  STRING(1024),"
        + "  LastName   STRING(1024),"
        + "  SingerInfo BYTES(MAX)"
        + ") PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)",
        "CREATE TABLE Albums ("
        + "  SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,"
        + "  AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,"
        + "  AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)"
        + ") PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),"
        + "  INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE",
        "ALTER DATABASE `{}`"
        " SET OPTIONS (version_retention_period = '{}')".format(
            database_id, retention_period
        ),
    ]
    db = instance.database(database_id, ddl_statements)
    operation = db.create()

    operation.result(30)

    db.reload()

    print(
        "Database {} created with version retention period {} and earliest version time {}".format(
            db.database_id, db.version_retention_period, db.earliest_version_time
        )
    )

    db.drop()

Ruby

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# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"
require "google/cloud/spanner/admin/database"

database_admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database.database_admin

instance_path = database_admin_client.instance_path project: project_id, instance: instance_id

version_retention_period = "7d"

db_path = database_admin_client.database_path project: project_id,
                                              instance: instance_id,
                                              database: database_id

job = database_admin_client.create_database parent: instance_path,
                                            create_statement: "CREATE DATABASE `#{database_id}`",
                                            extra_statements: [
                                              "CREATE TABLE Singers (
    SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
    FirstName    STRING(1024),
    LastName     STRING(1024),
    SingerInfo   BYTES(MAX)
  ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId)",

                                              "CREATE TABLE Albums (
    SingerId     INT64 NOT NULL,
    AlbumId      INT64 NOT NULL,
    AlbumTitle   STRING(MAX)
  ) PRIMARY KEY (SingerId, AlbumId),
  INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Singers ON DELETE CASCADE",

                                              "ALTER DATABASE `#{database_id}`
    SET OPTIONS ( version_retention_period = '#{version_retention_period}' )"
                                            ]

puts "Waiting for create database operation to complete"

job.wait_until_done!
database = database_admin_client.get_database name: db_path

puts "Created database #{database_id} on instance #{instance_id}"
puts "\tVersion retention period: #{database.version_retention_period}"
puts "\tEarliest version time: #{database.earliest_version_time}"

Notas de uso:

El período de retención debe ser de entre 1 hora y 7 días, y se puede especificar en días, horas, minutos o segundos. Por ejemplo, los valores 1d, 24h, 1440m y 86400s son equivalentes.
Si habilitaste el registro para la API de Cloud Spanner en el proyecto, el evento se registra como UpdateDatabaseDdl y se puede ver en el Explorador de registros.
Para volver al período de retención predeterminado de 1 hora, puedes configurar el valor en 1 hora o NULL.
Cuando extiendes el período de retención, el sistema no reabastece las versiones anteriores de datos. Por ejemplo, si extiendes el período de retención de 1 h a 24 h, debes esperar 23 h para que el sistema acumule datos antiguos antes de que puedas recuperar datos de 24 h en el pasado.

Obtén el período de retención y la hora de la primera versión

El recurso Database incluye los siguientes dos campos:

version_retention_period: El período en el que Cloud Spanner retiene todas las versiones de datos para la base de datos.
earliest_version_time: La marca de tiempo más antigua en la que se pueden leer versiones anteriores de los datos desde la base de datos Cloud Spanner actualiza este valor de forma continua y se vuelve inactivo en el momento de la consulta. Si usas este valor para recuperar datos, asegúrate de tener en cuenta el tiempo desde el momento en que se consulta el valor hasta el momento en que inicias la recuperación.

Console

Ve a la página Instancias de Cloud Spanner en Console.

Ir a la página Instancias de Cloud Spanner
Haz clic en la instancia que contiene la base de datos para abrir su página de descripción general.
Haz clic en la base de datos para abrir la página Descripción general.
Selecciona la pestaña Backup/Restore para abrir la página Backup/Restore y mostrar el período de retención.
Haz clic en Crear para abrir la página Crear una copia de seguridad y mostrar la hora de la versión anterior.

gcloud

Para obtener estos campos, llama a describe databases o enumera bases de datos. Por ejemplo:

gcloud spanner databases describe example-db --instance=test-instance

Este es el resultado:

createTime: '2020-09-07T16:56:08.285140Z'
earliestVersionTime: '2020-10-07T16:56:08.285140Z'
name: projects/my-project/instances/test-instance/databases/example-db
state: READY
versionRetentionPeriod: 3d

Recupera una parte de la base de datos

Realiza una lectura inactiva y especifica la marca de tiempo de recuperación deseada. Asegúrate de que la marca de tiempo que especifiques sea más reciente que la de la base de datos earliest_version_time..
gcloud
Usa execute-sql. Por ejemplo:
```
gcloud spanner databases execute-sql example-db --instance=test-instance
    --read-timestamp=2020-09-11T10:19:36.010459-07:00 --sql='SELECT * FROM SINGERS'
```
Bibliotecas cliente
Consulta Realiza una lectura inactiva.
Almacenar los resultados de la consulta Esto es necesario porque no puede escribir los resultados de la consulta en la base de datos de la misma transacción. Puedes imprimir en la consola o almacenar en la memoria para cantidades pequeñas de datos. Para grandes cantidades de datos, quizás necesites escribir en un archivo o tabla temporal.
Vuelve a escribir los datos recuperados en la base de datos, por ejemplo:
gcloud
```
gcloud spanner rows update --instance=test-instance
    --database=example-db --table=Singers --data=SingerId=1,FirstName=10
```
Para obtener más información, consulta Actualiza datos con gcloud.
Bibliotecas cliente
Consulta Actualiza datos mediante DML o Actualiza datos con mutaciones.

Recupera una base de datos completa

Para recuperar toda la base de datos, puedes usar Copia de seguridad y restablecimiento, o Importar y exportar, y especificar una marca de tiempo de recuperación.

Copia de seguridad y restablecimiento

Crea una copia de seguridad y establece version_time en la marca de tiempo de recuperación deseada.

Console

Ve a la página Detalles de la base de datos en Cloud Console.

Ir a Cloud Console
En la pestaña Backup/Restore, haz clic en Create.
Marca la casilla Crear copia de seguridad de un momento anterior.

gcloud

gcloud spanner backups create example-db-backup-1 --instance=test-instance \
  --database=example-db --retention-period=1y --version-time=2021-01-22T01:10:35Z --async

Para obtener más información, consulta Crea una copia de seguridad con gcloud.

Bibliotecas cliente

C#

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// Copyright 2020 Google Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Admin.Database.V1;
using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Common.V1;
using Google.LongRunning;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
using System;

public class CreateBackupSample
{
    public Backup CreateBackup(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId, string backupId, DateTime versionTime)
    {
        // Create the DatabaseAdminClient instance.
        DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = DatabaseAdminClient.Create();

        // Initialize request parameters.
        Backup backup = new Backup
        {
            DatabaseAsDatabaseName = DatabaseName.FromProjectInstanceDatabase(projectId, instanceId, databaseId),
            ExpireTime = DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(14).ToTimestamp(),
            VersionTime = versionTime.ToTimestamp(),
        };
        InstanceName instanceName = InstanceName.FromProjectInstance(projectId, instanceId);

        // Make the CreateBackup request.
        Operation<Backup, CreateBackupMetadata> response = databaseAdminClient.CreateBackup(instanceName, backup, backupId);

        Console.WriteLine("Waiting for the operation to finish.");

        // Poll until the returned long-running operation is complete.
        Operation<Backup, CreateBackupMetadata> completedResponse = response.PollUntilCompleted();

        if (completedResponse.IsFaulted)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error while creating backup: {completedResponse.Exception}");
            throw completedResponse.Exception;
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"Backup created successfully.");

        // GetBackup to get more information about the created backup.
        BackupName backupName = BackupName.FromProjectInstanceBackup(projectId, instanceId, backupId);
        backup = databaseAdminClient.GetBackup(backupName);
        Console.WriteLine($"Backup {backup.Name} of size {backup.SizeBytes} bytes " +
                      $"was created at {backup.CreateTime} from {backup.Database} " +
                      $"and is in state {backup.State} " +
                      $"and has version time {backup.VersionTime.ToDateTime()}");
        return backup;
    }
}

C++

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void CreateBackup(google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
                  std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
                  std::string const& database_id, std::string const& backup_id,
                  google::cloud::spanner::Timestamp expire_time,
                  google::cloud::spanner::Timestamp version_time) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  google::spanner::admin::database::v1::CreateBackupRequest request;
  request.set_parent(database.instance().FullName());
  request.set_backup_id(backup_id);
  request.mutable_backup()->set_database(database.FullName());
  *request.mutable_backup()->mutable_expire_time() =
      expire_time.get<google::protobuf::Timestamp>().value();
  *request.mutable_backup()->mutable_version_time() =
      version_time.get<google::protobuf::Timestamp>().value();
  auto backup = client.CreateBackup(request).get();
  if (!backup) throw std::runtime_error(backup.status().message());
  std::cout
      << "Backup " << backup->name() << " of " << backup->database()
      << " of size " << backup->size_bytes() << " bytes as of "
      << google::cloud::spanner::MakeTimestamp(backup->version_time()).value()
      << " was created at "
      << google::cloud::spanner::MakeTimestamp(backup->create_time()).value()
      << ".\n";
}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"regexp"
	"time"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	pbt "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/timestamp"
	adminpb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/spanner/admin/database/v1"
)

func createBackup(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, db, backupID string, versionTime time.Time) error {
	// versionTime := time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -1) // one day ago
	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.+)/databases/(.+)$").FindStringSubmatch(db)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
		return fmt.Errorf("createBackup: invalid database id %q", db)
	}

	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("createBackup.NewDatabaseAdminClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	expireTime := time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, 14)
	// Create a backup.
	req := adminpb.CreateBackupRequest{
		Parent:   matches[1],
		BackupId: backupID,
		Backup: &adminpb.Backup{
			Database:    db,
			ExpireTime:  &pbt.Timestamp{Seconds: expireTime.Unix(), Nanos: int32(expireTime.Nanosecond())},
			VersionTime: &pbt.Timestamp{Seconds: versionTime.Unix(), Nanos: int32(versionTime.Nanosecond())},
		},
	}
	op, err := adminClient.CreateBackup(ctx, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("createBackup.CreateBackup: %v", err)
	}
	// Wait for backup operation to complete.
	backup, err := op.Wait(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("createBackup.Wait: %v", err)
	}

	// Get the name, create time, version time and backup size.
	backupCreateTime := time.Unix(backup.CreateTime.Seconds, int64(backup.CreateTime.Nanos))
	backupVersionTime := time.Unix(backup.VersionTime.Seconds, int64(backup.VersionTime.Nanos))
	fmt.Fprintf(w,
		"Backup %s of size %d bytes was created at %s with version time %s\n",
		backup.Name,
		backup.SizeBytes,
		backupCreateTime.Format(time.RFC3339),
		backupVersionTime.Format(time.RFC3339))
	return nil
}

Java

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static void createBackup(DatabaseAdminClient dbAdminClient, DatabaseId databaseId,
    BackupId backupId, Timestamp versionTime) {
  // Set expire time to 14 days from now.
  Timestamp expireTime = Timestamp.ofTimeMicroseconds(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.convert(
      System.currentTimeMillis() + TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(14), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
  Backup backup =
      dbAdminClient
          .newBackupBuilder(backupId)
          .setDatabase(databaseId)
          .setExpireTime(expireTime)
          .setVersionTime(versionTime)
          .build();
  // Initiate the request which returns an OperationFuture.
  System.out.println("Creating backup [" + backup.getId() + "]...");
  OperationFuture<Backup, CreateBackupMetadata> op = backup.create();
  try {
    // Wait for the backup operation to complete.
    backup = op.get();
    System.out.println("Created backup [" + backup.getId() + "]");
  } catch (ExecutionException e) {
    throw (SpannerException) e.getCause();
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
  }

  // Reload the metadata of the backup from the server.
  backup = backup.reload();
  System.out.println(
      String.format(
          "Backup %s of size %d bytes was created at %s for version of database at %s",
          backup.getId().getName(),
          backup.getSize(),
          LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(
              backup.getProto().getCreateTime().getSeconds(),
              backup.getProto().getCreateTime().getNanos(),
              OffsetDateTime.now().getOffset()),
          LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(
              backup.getProto().getVersionTime().getSeconds(),
              backup.getProto().getVersionTime().getNanos(),
              OffsetDateTime.now().getOffset())
          ));
}

Nodo

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// Imports the Google Cloud client library and precise date library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');
const {PreciseDate} = require('@google-cloud/precise-date');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';
// const backupId = 'my-backup';
// const versionTime = Date.now() - 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24; // One day ago

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

const backup = instance.backup(backupId);

// Creates a new backup of the database
try {
  console.log(`Creating backup of database ${database.formattedName_}.`);
  const databasePath = database.formattedName_;
  // Expire backup 14 days in the future
  const expireTime = Date.now() + 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 14;
  // Create a backup of the state of the database at the current time.
  const [, operation] = await backup.create({
    databasePath: databasePath,
    expireTime: expireTime,
    versionTime: versionTime,
  });

  console.log(`Waiting for backup ${backup.formattedName_} to complete...`);
  await operation.promise();

  // Verify backup is ready
  const [backupInfo] = await backup.getMetadata();
  if (backupInfo.state === 'READY') {
    console.log(
      `Backup ${backupInfo.name} of size ` +
        `${backupInfo.sizeBytes} bytes was created at ` +
        `${new PreciseDate(backupInfo.createTime).toISOString()} ` +
        'for version of database at ' +
        `${new PreciseDate(backupInfo.versionTime).toISOString()}`
    );
  } else {
    console.error('ERROR: Backup is not ready.');
  }
} catch (err) {
  console.error('ERROR:', err);
} finally {
  // Close the database when finished.
  await database.close();
}

PHP

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use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Backup;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Create a backup.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * create_backup($instanceId, $databaseId, $backupId, $versionTime);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 * @param string $backupId The Spanner backup ID.
 * @param string $versionTime The version of the database to backup.
 */
function create_backup($instanceId, $databaseId, $backupId, $versionTime)
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);

    $expireTime = new \DateTime('+14 days');
    $backup = $instance->backup($backupId);
    $operation = $backup->create($database->name(), $expireTime, [
        'versionTime' => new \DateTime($versionTime)
    ]);

    print('Waiting for operation to complete...' . PHP_EOL);
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();

    $backup->reload();
    $ready = ($backup->state() == Backup::STATE_READY);

    if ($ready) {
        print('Backup is ready!' . PHP_EOL);
        $info = $backup->info();
        printf(
            'Backup %s of size %d bytes was created at %s for version of database at %s' . PHP_EOL,
            basename($info['name']), $info['sizeBytes'], $info['createTime'], $info['versionTime']);
    } else {
        printf('Unexpected state: %s' . PHP_EOL, $backup->state());
    }
}

Python

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def create_backup(instance_id, database_id, backup_id, version_time):
    """Creates a backup for a database."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    # Create a backup
    expire_time = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(days=14)
    backup = instance.backup(
        backup_id, database=database, expire_time=expire_time, version_time=version_time
    )
    operation = backup.create()

    # Wait for backup operation to complete.
    operation.result(2100)

    # Verify that the backup is ready.
    backup.reload()
    assert backup.is_ready() is True

    # Get the name, create time and backup size.
    backup.reload()
    print(
        "Backup {} of size {} bytes was created at {} for version of database at {}".format(
            backup.name, backup.size_bytes, backup.create_time, backup.version_time
        )
    )

Ruby

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# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"
# backup_id = "Your Spanner backup ID"
# version_time = Time.now - 60 * 60 * 24 # 1 day ago

require "google/cloud/spanner"
require "google/cloud/spanner/admin/database"

database_admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database.database_admin

instance_path = database_admin_client.instance_path project: project_id, instance: instance_id
db_path = database_admin_client.database_path project: project_id,
                                              instance: instance_id,
                                              database: database_id
backup_path = database_admin_client.backup_path project: project_id,
                                                instance: instance_id,
                                                backup: backup_id
expire_time = Time.now + 14 * 24 * 3600 # 14 days from now

job = database_admin_client.create_backup parent: instance_path,
                                          backup_id: backup_id,
                                          backup: {
                                            database: db_path,
                                              expire_time: expire_time,
                                              version_time: version_time
                                          }

puts "Backup operation in progress"

job.wait_until_done!

backup = database_admin_client.get_backup name: backup_path
puts "Backup #{backup_id} of size #{backup.size_bytes} bytes was created at #{backup.create_time} for version of database at #{backup.version_time}"

Restablece la copia de seguridad a una base de datos nueva. Tenga en cuenta que Cloud Spanner conserva la configuración del período de retención de la copia de seguridad a la base de datos restablecida.

Console

Ve a la página Detalles de la instancia en Cloud Console.

Ir a Cloud Console
En la pestaña Backup/Restore, selecciona una copia de seguridad y haz clic en Restore.

gcloud

gcloud spanner databases restore --async \
  --destination-instance=destination-instance --destination-database=example-db-restored \
  --source-instance=test-instance --source-backup=example-db-backup-1

Para obtener más información, consulta Restablece una base de datos desde una copia de seguridad.

Bibliotecas cliente

C#

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using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Admin.Database.V1;
using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Common.V1;
using Google.LongRunning;
using System;

public class RestoreDatabaseSample
{
    public RestoreInfo RestoreDatabase(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId, string backupId)
    {
        // Create the DatabaseAdminClient instance.
        DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = DatabaseAdminClient.Create();

        InstanceName parentAsInstanceName = InstanceName.FromProjectInstance(projectId, instanceId);
        BackupName backupAsBackupName = BackupName.FromProjectInstanceBackup(projectId, instanceId, backupId);

        // Make the RestoreDatabase request.
        Operation<Database, RestoreDatabaseMetadata> response = databaseAdminClient.RestoreDatabase(parentAsInstanceName, databaseId, backupAsBackupName);

        Console.WriteLine("Waiting for the operation to finish");

        // Poll until the returned long-running operation is complete.
        var completedResponse = response.PollUntilCompleted();

        if (completedResponse.IsFaulted)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Database Restore Failed: {completedResponse.Exception}");
            throw completedResponse.Exception;
        }

        RestoreInfo restoreInfo = completedResponse.Result.RestoreInfo;
        Console.WriteLine(
            $"Database {restoreInfo.BackupInfo.SourceDatabase} was restored " +
            $"to {databaseId} from backup {restoreInfo.BackupInfo.Backup} " +
            $"with version time {restoreInfo.BackupInfo.VersionTime.ToDateTime()}");

        return restoreInfo;
    }
}

C++

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void RestoreDatabase(google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
                     std::string const& project_id,
                     std::string const& instance_id,
                     std::string const& database_id,
                     std::string const& backup_id) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  google::cloud::spanner::Backup backup(database.instance(), backup_id);
  auto restored_db =
      client
          .RestoreDatabase(database.instance().FullName(),
                           database.database_id(), backup.FullName())
          .get();
  if (!restored_db) {
    throw std::runtime_error(restored_db.status().message());
  }
  std::cout << "Database";
  if (restored_db->restore_info().source_type() ==
      google::spanner::admin::database::v1::BACKUP) {
    auto const& backup_info = restored_db->restore_info().backup_info();
    std::cout << " " << backup_info.source_database() << " as of "
              << google::cloud::spanner::MakeTimestamp(
                     backup_info.version_time())
                     .value();
  }
  std::cout << " restored to " << restored_db->name();
  std::cout << " from backup " << backup.FullName();
  std::cout << ".\n";
}

Go

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import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"regexp"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/spanner/admin/database/v1"
)

func restoreBackup(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, db, backupID string) error {
	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.*)/databases/(.*)$").FindStringSubmatch(db)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid database id %s", db)
	}
	instanceName := matches[1]
	databaseID := matches[2]
	backupName := instanceName + "/backups/" + backupID

	// Start restoring backup to a new database.
	restoreOp, err := adminClient.RestoreDatabase(ctx, &adminpb.RestoreDatabaseRequest{
		Parent:     instanceName,
		DatabaseId: databaseID,
		Source: &adminpb.RestoreDatabaseRequest_Backup{
			Backup: backupName,
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Wait for restore operation to complete.
	dbObj, err := restoreOp.Wait(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Newly created database has restore information.
	backupInfo := dbObj.RestoreInfo.GetBackupInfo()
	if backupInfo != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Source database %s restored from backup %s\n", backupInfo.SourceDatabase, backupInfo.Backup)
	}

	return nil
}

Java

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static void restoreBackup(
    DatabaseAdminClient dbAdminClient,
    BackupId backupId,
    DatabaseId sourceDatabaseId,
    DatabaseId restoreToDatabase) {
  Backup backup = dbAdminClient.newBackupBuilder(backupId).build();
  // Initiate the request which returns an OperationFuture.
  System.out.println(String.format(
      "Restoring backup [%s] to database [%s]...",
      backup.getId().toString(),
      restoreToDatabase.toString()));
  try {
    OperationFuture<Database, RestoreDatabaseMetadata> op = backup.restore(restoreToDatabase);
    // Wait until the database has been restored.
    Database db = op.get();
    // Refresh database metadata and get the restore info.
    RestoreInfo restore = db.reload().getRestoreInfo();
    Timestamp versionTime = Timestamp.fromProto(restore
        .getProto()
        .getBackupInfo()
        .getVersionTime());
    System.out.println(
        "Restored database ["
            + restore.getSourceDatabase().getName()
            + "] from ["
            + restore.getBackup().getName()
            + "] with version time [" + versionTime + "]");
  } catch (ExecutionException e) {
    throw SpannerExceptionFactory.newSpannerException(e.getCause());
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
  }
}

Nodo

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// Imports the Google Cloud client library and precise date library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');
const {PreciseDate} = require('@google-cloud/precise-date');

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';
// const backupId = 'my-backup';

// Creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

// Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and database
const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
const database = instance.database(databaseId);

// Restore the database
console.log(
  `Restoring database ${database.formattedName_} from backup ${backupId}.`
);
const [, restoreOperation] = await database.restore(
  `projects/${projectId}/instances/${instanceId}/backups/${backupId}`
);

// Wait for restore to complete
console.log('Waiting for database restore to complete...');
await restoreOperation.promise();

console.log('Database restored from backup.');
const restoreInfo = await database.getRestoreInfo();
console.log(
  `Database ${restoreInfo.backupInfo.sourceDatabase} was restored ` +
    `to ${databaseId} from backup ${restoreInfo.backupInfo.backup} ` +
    'with version time ' +
    `${new PreciseDate(restoreInfo.backupInfo.versionTime).toISOString()}.`
);

PHP

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use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;

/**
 * Restore a database from a backup.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * restore_backup($instanceId, $databaseId, $backupId);
 * ```
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 * @param string $backupId The Spanner backup ID.
 */
function restore_backup($instanceId, $databaseId, $backupId)
{
    $spanner = new SpannerClient();
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);
    $backup = $instance->backup($backupId);

    $operation = $database->restore($backup->name());
    // Wait for restore operation to complete.
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();

    // Newly created database has restore information.
    $database->reload();
    $restoreInfo = $database->info()['restoreInfo'];
    $sourceDatabase = $restoreInfo['backupInfo']['sourceDatabase'];
    $sourceBackup = $restoreInfo['backupInfo']['backup'];
    $versionTime = $restoreInfo['backupInfo']['versionTime'];

    printf(
        'Database %s restored from backup %s with version time %s' . PHP_EOL,
        $sourceDatabase, $sourceBackup, $versionTime);
}

Python

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def restore_database(instance_id, new_database_id, backup_id):
    """Restores a database from a backup."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    # Create a backup on database_id.

    # Start restoring an existing backup to a new database.
    backup = instance.backup(backup_id)
    new_database = instance.database(new_database_id)
    operation = new_database.restore(backup)

    # Wait for restore operation to complete.
    operation.result(1600)

    # Newly created database has restore information.
    new_database.reload()
    restore_info = new_database.restore_info
    print(
        "Database {} restored to {} from backup {} with version time {}.".format(
            restore_info.backup_info.source_database,
            new_database_id,
            restore_info.backup_info.backup,
            restore_info.backup_info.version_time,
        )
    )

Ruby

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# project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
# instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
# database_id = "Your Spanner database ID of where to restore"
# backup_id = "Your Spanner backup ID"

require "google/cloud/spanner"
require "google/cloud/spanner/admin/database"

database_admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database.database_admin

instance_path = database_admin_client.instance_path project: project_id, instance: instance_id

db_path = database_admin_client.database_path project: project_id,
                                              instance: instance_id,
                                              database: database_id

backup_path = database_admin_client.backup_path project: project_id,
                                                instance: instance_id,
                                                backup: backup_id

job = database_admin_client.restore_database parent: instance_path,
                                             database_id: database_id,
                                             backup: backup_path

puts "Waiting for restore backup operation to complete"

job.wait_until_done!

database = database_admin_client.get_database name: db_path
restore_info = database.restore_info
puts "Database #{restore_info.backup_info.source_database} was restored to #{database_id} from backup #{restore_info.backup_info.backup} with version time #{restore_info.backup_info.version_time}"

Importación y exportación

Exporta la base de datos y especifica el parámetro snapshotTime en la marca de tiempo de recuperación deseada.
Console
1. Ve a la página Detalles de la instancia en Cloud Console.
  
  Ir a Cloud Console
2. En la pestaña Importar/Exportar, haz clic en Exportar.
3. Marca la casilla Exportar base de datos de un momento anterior.
Si deseas obtener instrucciones detalladas, consulta cómo exportar una base de datos.
gcloud
Usar la plantilla de Dataflow Cloud Spanner a Avro para exportar la base de datos
```
gcloud dataflow jobs run JOB_NAME \
   --gcs-location='gs://cloud-spanner-point-in-time-recovery/Import Export Template/export/templates/Cloud_Spanner_to_GCS_Avro'
   --region=DATAFLOW_REGION --parameters='instanceId=test-instance,databaseId=example-db,outputDir=YOUR_GCS_DIRECTORY,snapshotTime=2020-09-01T23:59:40.125245Z'
```
Notas de uso:
- Puedes hacer un seguimiento del progreso de tus trabajos de importación y exportación en Dataflow Console.
- Cloud Spanner garantiza que los datos exportados sean coherentes de forma externa y transaccional en la marca de tiempo especificada.
- Especifica la marca de tiempo en formato RFC 3339. Por ejemplo, 2020-09-01T23:59:30.234233Z.
- Asegúrate de que la marca de tiempo que especifiques sea más reciente que la de la base de datos earliest_version_time. Si los datos ya no existen en la marca de tiempo especificada, verás un error.
Importar a una nueva base de datos
Console
1. Ve a la página Detalles de la instancia en Cloud Console.
  
  Ir a Cloud Console
2. En la pestaña Importar/Exportar, haz clic en Importar.
Para obtener instrucciones detalladas, consulta Importa archivos Avro de Cloud Spanner.
gcloud
Utilice la plantilla de Dataflow Cloud Storage Avro a Cloud Spanner para importar los archivos Avro.
```
gcloud dataflow jobs run JOB_NAME \
   --gcs-location='gs://cloud-spanner-point-in-time-recovery/Import Export Template/import/templates/GCS_Avro_to_Cloud_Spanner' \
   --region=DATAFLOW_REGION \
   --staging-location=YOUR_GCS_STAGING_LOCATION \
   --parameters='instanceId=test-instance,databaseId=example-db,inputDir=YOUR_GCS_DIRECTORY'
```

Estimar el aumento del almacenamiento

Antes de aumentar el período de retención de una versión de la base de datos, puedes estimar el aumento esperado en el uso del almacenamiento de la base de datos si quieres totalizar los bytes de la transacción para el período deseado. Por ejemplo, la siguiente consulta calcula la cantidad de GiB escrito en los últimos 7 días (168 h) mediante la lectura de las tablas de estadísticas de transacción.

SQL estándar de Google

SELECT
  SUM(bytes_per_hour) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024 ) as GiB
FROM (
  SELECT
    ((commit_attempt_count - commit_failed_precondition_count - commit_abort_count) * avg_bytes) AS bytes_per_hour,
    interval_end
  FROM
    spanner_sys.txn_stats_total_hour
  ORDER BY
    interval_end DESC
  LIMIT
    168);

PostgreSQL

SELECT
  bph /  (1024 * 1024 * 1024 ) as GiB
FROM (
  SELECT
    SUM(bytes_per_hour) as bph
  FROM (
    SELECT
      ((commit_attempt_count - commit_failed_precondition_count - commit_abort_count) * avg_bytes) AS bytes_per_hour,
      interval_end
    FROM
      spanner_sys.txn_stats_total_hour
    ORDER BY
      interval_end DESC
    LIMIT
      168)
sub1) sub2;

Tenga en cuenta que la consulta proporciona una estimación aproximada y puede ser inexacta por varios motivos:

La consulta no tiene en cuenta la marca de tiempo que se debe almacenar para cada versión de datos antiguos. Si tu base de datos está formada por muchos tipos de datos pequeños, la consulta puede subestimar el aumento de almacenamiento.
La consulta incluye todas las operaciones de escritura, pero solo las operaciones de actualización crean versiones anteriores de los datos. Si su carga de trabajo incluye muchas operaciones de inserción, es posible que la consulta sobrestime el aumento de almacenamiento.