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Este documento fornece instruções sobre como carregar uma pequena quantidade de dados no formato de arquivo CSV para o Spanner. É possível carregar dados de exemplo antes de realizar uma migração de dados de produção para testar esquemas, consultas e aplicativos.
Para conseguir as permissões necessárias para exportar dados do BigQuery para o Spanner,
peça ao administrador para conceder a você os seguintes
papéis do IAM no seu projeto:
Exporte dados de uma tabela do BigQuery:
Leitor de dados do BigQuery (roles/bigquery.dataViewer)
Execute um job de exportação:
Usuário do BigQuery (roles/bigquery.user)
Grave dados em uma tabela do Spanner:
Usuário do banco de dados do Spanner (roles/spanner.databaseUser)
Defina um projeto padrão na CLI gcloud usando o seguinte comando:
gcloudconfigsetprojectPROJECT_ID
Exporte os dados de origem no formato de arquivo CSV. Considere usar
pg_dump para
bancos de dados PostgreSQL ou
mysqldump
para ferramentas de bancos de dados MySQL e converter seus dados de amostra no formato de arquivo
CSV.
Carregue os dados no BigQuery usando os seguintes comandos bq:
Crie um conjunto de dados do BigQuery.
bqmkBQ_DATASET
Carregue os dados em lote em uma nova tabela do BigQuery.
Exporte dados do BigQuery para o Spanner usando o seguinte comando:
bq--use_legacy_sql=false'EXPORT DATA OPTIONS( uri="https://spanner.googleapis.com/projects/PROJECT_ID/instances/SPANNER_INSTANCE/databases/SPANNER_DATABASE" format='CLOUD_SPANNER' spanner_options="""{ "table": "SPANNER_TABLE" }""" ) AS SELECT * FROM BQ_DATASET.BQ_TABLE;'
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informações incorretas ou exemplo de código","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Não contém as informações/amostras de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-09-05 UTC."],[],[],null,["# Load sample data\n\nThis document provides instructions on how to load a small amount of data in\nthe CSV file format into Spanner. You can load sample data before\nperforming a production data migration to test schemas, queries, and applications.\n\nBefore you begin\n----------------\n\n1. [Install the Google Cloud CLI](/sdk/docs/install) or\n use [Cloud Shell](/shell/docs/launching-cloud-shell), which\n has all the necessary tools pre-installed.\n\n2.\n\n To get the permissions that\n you need to export BigQuery data to Spanner,\n\n ask your administrator to grant you the\n following IAM roles on your project:\n\n - Export data from a BigQuery table: BigQuery Data Viewer (`roles/bigquery.dataViewer`)\n - Run an export job: BigQuery User (`roles/bigquery.user`)\n - Write data to a Spanner table: Spanner Database User (`roles/spanner.databaseUser`)\n\n\n For more information about granting roles, see [Manage access to projects, folders, and organizations](/iam/docs/granting-changing-revoking-access).\n\n\n You might also be able to get\n the required permissions through [custom\n roles](/iam/docs/creating-custom-roles) or other [predefined\n roles](/iam/docs/roles-overview#predefined).\n\nLoad sample data to Spanner\n---------------------------\n\nThe following instructions are performed using the\n[BigQuery reverse ETL](/bigquery/docs/export-to-spanner)\nworkflow and the [Google Cloud CLI](/sdk).\n\n1. Set a default project on the gcloud CLI using the following command:\n\n ```bash\n gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID\n ```\n2. Export the source data in the CSV file format. Consider using\n [`pg_dump`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgdump.html) for\n PostgreSQL databases or\n [`mysqldump`](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysqldump.html)\n for MySQL databases tools to convert your sample data into the CSV\n file format.\n\n | **Note:** If you are working with sample data that's not available in the CSV file format, then consider [batch loading](/bigquery/docs/batch-loading-data) the sample data to BigQuery.\n3. Load the data into BigQuery by using the following `bq` commands:\n\n 1. Create a BigQuery dataset.\n\n ```bash\n bq mk BQ_DATASET\n ```\n 2. Batch load the data into a new BigQuery table.\n\n ```bash\n bq load \\\n --source_format=CSV \\\n --autodetect \\\n --allow_quoted_newlines \\\n BQ_DATASET.BQ_TABLE /path/to/file\n ```\n\n Alternatively, you can batch load the data from a Cloud Storage file. \n\n ```bash\n bq load \\\n --source_format=CSV \\\n --autodetect \\\n --allow_quoted_newlines \\\n BQ_DATASET.BQ_TABLE gs://BUCKET/FILE\n ```\n4. Create a Spanner schema that matches the imported\n \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eBQ_TABLE\u003c/var\u003e by using the following command:\n\n ```bash\n gcloud spanner databases ddl update SPANNER_DATABASE \\\n --instance=SPANNER_INSTANCE \\\n --ddl=\"CREATE TABLE \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSPANNER_TABLE\u003c/var\u003e ...\"\n ```\n\n For more information,\n see [Update Spanner schema](/spanner/docs/getting-started/gcloud#create-database).\n5. Export data from BigQuery to Spanner by using\n the following command:\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\n ```bash\n bq --use_legacy_sql=false 'EXPORT DATA OPTIONS(\n uri=\"https://spanner.googleapis.com/projects/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e/instances/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSPANNER_INSTANCE\u003c/var\u003e/databases/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSPANNER_DATABASE\u003c/var\u003e\"\n format='CLOUD_SPANNER'\n spanner_options=\"\"\"{ \"table\": \"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSPANNER_TABLE\u003c/var\u003e\" }\"\"\"\n ) AS\n SELECT *\n FROM \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eBQ_DATASET\u003c/var\u003e.\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eBQ_TABLE\u003c/var\u003e;'\n \n ```\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- [Migration overview](/spanner/docs/migration-overview)"]]
