Configurer et interroger Spanner Graph

Ce document explique comment configurer et interroger Spanner Graph à l'aide de la console et des bibliothèques clientes Google Cloud . Les sujets suivants vous expliquent comment:

Pour en savoir plus sur les tarifs de Spanner, consultez la page Tarifs de Spanner.

Pour essayer un atelier de programmation, consultez Premiers pas avec Spanner Graph.

Avant de commencer

  1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
  2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Go to project selector

  3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  4. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Go to project selector

  5. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  6. L'API Spanner doit être activée automatiquement. Si ce n'est pas le cas, activez-la manuellement:

    Activer l'API Spanner
  1. Pour obtenir les autorisations dont vous avez besoin pour créer des instances et des bases de données, demandez à votre administrateur de vous accorder le rôle IAM Administrateur Cloud Spanner (roles/spanner.admin) sur votre projet.

Créer une instance

Lorsque vous utilisez Spanner pour la première fois, vous devez créer une instance, c'est-à-dire un élément qui alloue les ressources utilisées par les bases de données Spanner. Cette section explique comment créer une instance à l'aide de la console Google Cloud .

  1. Dans la console Google Cloud , accédez à la page Spanner.

    Accéder à Spanner

  2. Sélectionnez ou créez un projet Google Cloud si vous ne l'avez pas déjà fait.

  3. Effectuez l'une des opérations suivantes :

    1. Si vous n'avez jamais créé d'instance Spanner, sur la page Bienvenue dans Spanner, cliquez sur Créer une instance provisionnée.

    2. Si vous avez créé une instance Spanner, sur la page Instances, cliquez sur Créer une instance.

  4. Sur la page Sélectionner une édition, sélectionnez Enterprise Plus ou Enterprise.

    Spanner Graph n'est disponible que dans les éditions Enterprise ou Enterprise Plus. Pour comparer les différentes éditions, cliquez sur Comparer les éditions. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la présentation des éditions Spanner.

  5. Cliquez sur Continuer.

  6. Dans Instance name (Nom de l'instance), saisissez un nom d'instance (par exemple, test-instance).

  7. Dans ID d'instance, conservez ou modifiez l'ID d'instance. Par défaut, votre ID d'instance correspond à votre nom d'instance, mais vous pouvez le modifier. Le nom et l'ID de votre instance peuvent être identiques ou différents.

  8. Cliquez sur Continuer.

  9. Dans Choisir une configuration, procédez comme suit:

    1. Laissez la sélection Régional.

    2. Dans Sélectionner une configuration, sélectionnez une région. La région que vous sélectionnez est l'emplacement où vos instances sont stockées et dupliquées.

    3. Cliquez sur Continuer.

  10. Dans Configurer la capacité de calcul, procédez comme suit:

    1. Dans Sélectionner une unité, sélectionnez Unités de traitement (PU).

    2. Dans Choisir un mode de scaling, laissez l'option Allocation manuelle sélectionnée et dans Quantité, conservez 1 000 unités de traitement.

  11. Cliquez sur Créer. La console Google Cloud affiche la page Vue d'ensemble de l'instance que vous avez créée.

Créer une base de données avec un schéma Spanner Graph

Cette section explique comment utiliser la console Google Cloud et les bibliothèques clientes pour créer une base de données avec un schéma de graphique Spanner.

Console

  1. Dans la console Google Cloud , accédez à la page Instances Spanner.

Accéder aux instances Spanner

  1. Cliquez sur l'instance que vous avez créée, par exemple Test Instance.

  2. Dans Vue d'ensemble, sous le nom de votre instance, cliquez sur Créer une base de données.

  3. Dans Nom de la base de données, saisissez un nom de base de données. Exemple :example-db

  4. Dans Select database dialect (Sélectionner le dialecte de la base de données), choisissez Google SQL standard. Spanner Graph n'est pas disponible dans le dialecte PostgreSQL. Voici à quoi ressemble la page de création de votre base de données:

    Mise à jour de la page de création de base de données.

  5. Copiez et collez le schéma suivant dans l'onglet de l'éditeur Modèles DDL. Le schéma contient deux définitions de tables de nœuds, Person et Account, et deux définitions de tables de bordures, PersonOwnAccount et AccountTransferAccount. Spanner Graph utilise des tables relationnelles pour définir des graphiques. Vous voyez donc à la fois des tables relationnelles et des instructions de graphique dans le schéma. Pour en savoir plus sur le schéma de graphique Spanner, consultez la présentation du schéma de graphique Spanner.

    CREATE TABLE Person (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      name             STRING(MAX),
      birthday         TIMESTAMP,
      country          STRING(MAX),
      city             STRING(MAX),
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id);
    
    CREATE TABLE Account (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      create_time      TIMESTAMP,
      is_blocked       BOOL,
      nick_name        STRING(MAX),
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id);
    
    CREATE TABLE PersonOwnAccount (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      account_id       INT64 NOT NULL,
      create_time      TIMESTAMP,
      FOREIGN KEY (account_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id, account_id),
      INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Person ON DELETE CASCADE;
    
    CREATE TABLE AccountTransferAccount (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      to_id            INT64 NOT NULL,
      amount           FLOAT64,
      create_time      TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
      order_number     STRING(MAX),
      FOREIGN KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id, to_id, create_time),
      INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Account ON DELETE CASCADE;
    
    CREATE OR REPLACE PROPERTY GRAPH FinGraph
      NODE TABLES (Account, Person)
      EDGE TABLES (
        PersonOwnAccount
          SOURCE KEY (id) REFERENCES Person (id)
          DESTINATION KEY (account_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
          LABEL Owns,
        AccountTransferAccount
          SOURCE KEY (id) REFERENCES Account (id)
          DESTINATION KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
          LABEL Transfers
      );
    
  6. N'apportez aucune modification dans Afficher les options de chiffrement.

  7. Cliquez sur Créer.La console Google Cloud affiche la page Présentation de la base de données que vous avez créée.

Bibliothèques clientes

Python

def create_database_with_property_graph(instance_id, database_id):
    """Creates a database, tables and a property graph for sample data."""
    from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import spanner_database_admin

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

    request = spanner_database_admin.CreateDatabaseRequest(
        parent=database_admin_api.instance_path(spanner_client.project, instance_id),
        create_statement=f"CREATE DATABASE `{database_id}`",
        extra_statements=[
            """CREATE TABLE Person (
            id               INT64 NOT NULL,
            name             STRING(MAX),
            birthday         TIMESTAMP,
            country          STRING(MAX),
            city             STRING(MAX),
        ) PRIMARY KEY (id)""",
            """CREATE TABLE Account (
            id               INT64 NOT NULL,
            create_time      TIMESTAMP,
            is_blocked       BOOL,
            nick_name        STRING(MAX),
        ) PRIMARY KEY (id)""",
            """CREATE TABLE PersonOwnAccount (
            id               INT64 NOT NULL,
            account_id       INT64 NOT NULL,
            create_time      TIMESTAMP,
            FOREIGN KEY (account_id)
                REFERENCES Account (id)
        ) PRIMARY KEY (id, account_id),
        INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Person ON DELETE CASCADE""",
            """CREATE TABLE AccountTransferAccount (
            id               INT64 NOT NULL,
            to_id            INT64 NOT NULL,
            amount           FLOAT64,
            create_time      TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
            order_number     STRING(MAX),
            FOREIGN KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
        ) PRIMARY KEY (id, to_id, create_time),
        INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Account ON DELETE CASCADE""",
            """CREATE OR REPLACE PROPERTY GRAPH FinGraph
            NODE TABLES (Account, Person)
            EDGE TABLES (
                PersonOwnAccount
                    SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Person(id)
                    DESTINATION KEY(account_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
                    LABEL Owns,
                AccountTransferAccount
                    SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Account(id)
                    DESTINATION KEY(to_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
                    LABEL Transfers)""",
        ],
    )

    operation = database_admin_api.create_database(request=request)

    print("Waiting for operation to complete...")
    database = operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)

    print(
        "Created database {} on instance {}".format(
            database.name,
            database_admin_api.instance_path(spanner_client.project, instance_id),
        )
    )

Java

static void createDatabaseWithPropertyGraph(
    DatabaseAdminClient dbAdminClient, InstanceName instanceName, String databaseId) {
  CreateDatabaseRequest createDatabaseRequest =
      CreateDatabaseRequest.newBuilder()
          .setCreateStatement("CREATE DATABASE `" + databaseId + "`")
          .setParent(instanceName.toString())
          .addAllExtraStatements(
              Arrays.asList(
                  "CREATE TABLE Person ("
                      + "  id               INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  name             STRING(MAX),"
                      + "  birthday         TIMESTAMP,"
                      + "  country          STRING(MAX),"
                      + "  city             STRING(MAX),"
                      + ") PRIMARY KEY (id)",
                  "CREATE TABLE Account ("
                      + "  id               INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  create_time      TIMESTAMP,"
                      + "  is_blocked       BOOL,"
                      + "  nick_name        STRING(MAX),"
                      + ") PRIMARY KEY (id)",
                  "CREATE TABLE PersonOwnAccount ("
                      + "  id               INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  account_id       INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  create_time      TIMESTAMP,"
                      + "  FOREIGN KEY (account_id)"
                      + "  REFERENCES Account (id)"
                      + ") PRIMARY KEY (id, account_id),"
                      + "INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Person ON DELETE CASCADE",
                  "CREATE TABLE AccountTransferAccount ("
                      + "  id               INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  to_id            INT64 NOT NULL,"
                      + "  amount           FLOAT64,"
                      + "  create_time      TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,"
                      + "  order_number     STRING(MAX),"
                      + "  FOREIGN KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)"
                      + ") PRIMARY KEY (id, to_id, create_time),"
                      + "INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Account ON DELETE CASCADE",
                  "CREATE OR REPLACE PROPERTY GRAPH FinGraph "
                      + "NODE TABLES (Account, Person)"
                      + "EDGE TABLES ("
                      + "  PersonOwnAccount"
                      + "    SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Person(id)"
                      + "    DESTINATION KEY(account_id) REFERENCES Account(id)"
                      + "    LABEL Owns,"
                      + "  AccountTransferAccount"
                      + "    SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Account(id)"
                      + "    DESTINATION KEY(to_id) REFERENCES Account(id)"
                      + "    LABEL Transfers)"))
          .build();
  try {
    // Initiate the request which returns an OperationFuture.
    com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.Database db =
        dbAdminClient.createDatabaseAsync(createDatabaseRequest).get();
    System.out.println("Created database [" + db.getName() + "]");
  } catch (ExecutionException e) {
    // If the operation failed during execution, expose the cause.
    System.out.println("Encountered exception" + e.getCause());
    throw (SpannerException) e.getCause();
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    // Throw when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or otherwise occupied,
    // and the thread is interrupted, either before or during the activity.
    throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
  }
}

Go


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"regexp"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/spanner/admin/database/v1"
)

func createDatabaseWithPropertyGraph(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, dbId string) error {
	// dbId is of the form:
	// 	projects/YOUR_PROJECT_ID/instances/YOUR_INSTANCE_ID/databases/YOUR_DATABASE_NAME
	matches := regexp.MustCompile("^(.*)/databases/(.*)$").FindStringSubmatch(dbId)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != 3 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid database id %s", dbId)
	}

	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	var instance = matches[1]
	var dbName = matches[2]

	// The schema defintion for a database with a property graph comprises table
	// definitions one or more `CREATE PROPERTY GRAPH` statements to define the
	// property graph(s).
	//
	// Here, tables are created for 'Person's and 'Account's. The property graph
	// definition says that these entities form nodes in the graph. Similarly,
	// there are 'PersonOwnAccount' and 'AccountTransferAccount' relationship
	// tables defined. The property graph definition maps these to edges in the graph.
	var schema_statements = []string{
		`CREATE TABLE Person (
			id               INT64 NOT NULL,
			name             STRING(MAX),
			birthday         TIMESTAMP,
			country          STRING(MAX),
			city             STRING(MAX),
		) PRIMARY KEY (id)`,
		`CREATE TABLE Account (
			id               INT64 NOT NULL,
			create_time      TIMESTAMP,
			is_blocked       BOOL,
			nick_name        STRING(MAX),
		) PRIMARY KEY (id)`,
		`CREATE TABLE PersonOwnAccount (
			id               INT64 NOT NULL,
			account_id       INT64 NOT NULL,
			create_time      TIMESTAMP,
			FOREIGN KEY (account_id)
				REFERENCES Account (id)
		) PRIMARY KEY (id, account_id),
		INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Person ON DELETE CASCADE`,
		`CREATE TABLE AccountTransferAccount (
			id               INT64 NOT NULL,
			to_id            INT64 NOT NULL,
			amount           FLOAT64,
			create_time      TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
			order_number     STRING(MAX),
			FOREIGN KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
		) PRIMARY KEY (id, to_id, create_time),
		INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Account ON DELETE CASCADE`,
		`CREATE OR REPLACE PROPERTY GRAPH FinGraph
			NODE TABLES (Account, Person)
			EDGE TABLES (
				PersonOwnAccount
					SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Person(id)
					DESTINATION KEY(account_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
					LABEL Owns,
				AccountTransferAccount
					SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Account(id)
					DESTINATION KEY(to_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
					LABEL Transfers)`,
	}

	op, err := adminClient.CreateDatabase(ctx, &adminpb.CreateDatabaseRequest{
		Parent:          instance,
		CreateStatement: "CREATE DATABASE `" + dbName + "`",
		ExtraStatements: schema_statements,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created database [%s]\n", dbId)
	return nil
}

C++

void CreateDatabaseWithPropertyGraph(
    google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
    std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
    std::string const& database_id) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  google::spanner::admin::database::v1::CreateDatabaseRequest request;
  request.set_parent(database.instance().FullName());
  request.set_create_statement("CREATE DATABASE `" + database.database_id() +
                               "`");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
    CREATE TABLE Person (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      name             STRING(MAX),
      birthday         TIMESTAMP,
      country          STRING(MAX),
      city             STRING(MAX),
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id))""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
    CREATE TABLE Account (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      create_time      TIMESTAMP,
      is_blocked       BOOL,
      nick_name        STRING(MAX),
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id))""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
    CREATE TABLE PersonOwnAccount (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      account_id       INT64 NOT NULL,
      create_time      TIMESTAMP,
      FOREIGN KEY (account_id)
      REFERENCES Account (id)
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id, account_id),
      INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Person ON DELETE CASCADE)""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
    CREATE TABLE AccountTransferAccount (
      id               INT64 NOT NULL,
      to_id            INT64 NOT NULL,
      amount           FLOAT64,
      create_time      TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
      order_number     STRING(MAX),
      FOREIGN KEY (to_id) REFERENCES Account (id)
    ) PRIMARY KEY (id, to_id, create_time),
      INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Account ON DELETE CASCADE)""");
  request.add_extra_statements(R"""(
    CREATE OR REPLACE PROPERTY GRAPH FinGraph
      NODE TABLES (Account, Person)
      EDGE TABLES (
        PersonOwnAccount
          SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Person(id)
          DESTINATION KEY(account_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
          LABEL Owns,
        AccountTransferAccount
          SOURCE KEY(id) REFERENCES Account(id)
          DESTINATION KEY(to_id) REFERENCES Account(id)
          LABEL Transfers))""");
  auto db = client.CreateDatabase(request).get();
  if (!db) throw std::move(db).status();
  std::cout << "Database " << db->name() << " created with property graph.\n";
}

Insérer des données de graphique

Cette section explique comment utiliser la console et les bibliothèques clientes Google Cloud pour insérer des données dans un graphique Spanner.

Console

  1. Sur la page Spanner Studio, cliquez sur Nouvel onglet ou utilisez l'onglet de l'éditeur.

  2. Copiez et collez les instructions d'insertion de données de graphique suivantes dans les nœuds et les arêtes.

    INSERT INTO Account
      (id, create_time, is_blocked, nick_name)
    VALUES
      (7,"2020-01-10 06:22:20.222",false,"Vacation Fund"),
      (16,"2020-01-27 17:55:09.206",true,"Vacation Fund"),
      (20,"2020-02-18 05:44:20.655",false,"Rainy Day Fund");
    
    INSERT INTO Person
      (id, name, birthday, country, city)
    VALUES
      (1,"Alex","1991-12-21 00:00:00","Australia","Adelaide"),
      (2,"Dana","1980-10-31 00:00:00","Czech_Republic","Moravia"),
      (3,"Lee","1986-12-07 00:00:00","India","Kollam");
    
    INSERT INTO AccountTransferAccount
      (id, to_id, amount, create_time, order_number)
    VALUES
      (7,16,300,"2020-08-29 15:28:58.647","304330008004315"),
      (7,16,100,"2020-10-04 16:55:05.342","304120005529714"),
      (16,20,300,"2020-09-25 02:36:14.926","103650009791820"),
      (20,7,500,"2020-10-04 16:55:05.342","304120005529714"),
      (20,16,200,"2020-10-17 03:59:40.247","302290001255747");
    
    INSERT INTO PersonOwnAccount
      (id, account_id, create_time)
    VALUES
      (1,7,"2020-01-10 06:22:20.222"),
      (2,20,"2020-01-27 17:55:09.206"),
      (3,16,"2020-02-18 05:44:20.655");
    
  3. Cliquez sur Exécuter. Une fois l'exécution terminée, l'onglet Résultats indique que trois lignes ont été insérées.

Bibliothèques clientes

Python

def insert_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Inserts sample data into the given database.

    The database and tables must already exist and can be created using
    `create_database_with_property_graph`.
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.batch() as batch:
        batch.insert(
            table="Account",
            columns=("id", "create_time", "is_blocked", "nick_name"),
            values=[
                (7, "2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z", False, "Vacation Fund"),
                (16, "2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z", True, "Vacation Fund"),
                (20, "2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z", False, "Rainy Day Fund"),
            ],
        )

        batch.insert(
            table="Person",
            columns=("id", "name", "birthday", "country", "city"),
            values=[
                (1, "Alex", "1991-12-21T00:00:00.12Z", "Australia", " Adelaide"),
                (2, "Dana", "1980-10-31T00:00:00.12Z", "Czech_Republic", "Moravia"),
                (3, "Lee", "1986-12-07T00:00:00.12Z", "India", "Kollam"),
            ],
        )

        batch.insert(
            table="AccountTransferAccount",
            columns=("id", "to_id", "amount", "create_time", "order_number"),
            values=[
                (7, 16, 300.0, "2020-08-29T15:28:58.12Z", "304330008004315"),
                (7, 16, 100.0, "2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z", "304120005529714"),
                (16, 20, 300.0, "2020-09-25T02:36:14.12Z", "103650009791820"),
                (20, 7, 500.0, "2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z", "304120005529714"),
                (20, 16, 200.0, "2020-10-17T03:59:40.12Z", "302290001255747"),
            ],
        )

        batch.insert(
            table="PersonOwnAccount",
            columns=("id", "account_id", "create_time"),
            values=[
                (1, 7, "2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z"),
                (2, 20, "2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z"),
                (3, 16, "2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z"),
            ],
        )

    print("Inserted data.")

Java

/** Class to contain sample Person data. */
static class Person {

  final long id;
  final String name;
  final Timestamp birthday;
  final String country;
  final String city;

  Person(long id, String name, Timestamp birthday, String country, String city) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.birthday = birthday;
    this.country = country;
    this.city = city;
  }
}

/** Class to contain sample Account data. */
static class Account {

  final long id;
  final Timestamp createTime;
  final boolean isBlocked;
  final String nickName;

  Account(long id, Timestamp createTime, boolean isBlocked, String nickName) {
    this.id = id;
    this.createTime = createTime;
    this.isBlocked = isBlocked;
    this.nickName = nickName;
  }
}

/** Class to contain sample Transfer data. */
static class Transfer {

  final long id;
  final long toId;
  final double amount;
  final Timestamp createTime;
  final String orderNumber;

  Transfer(long id, long toId, double amount, Timestamp createTime, String orderNumber) {
    this.id = id;
    this.toId = toId;
    this.amount = amount;
    this.createTime = createTime;
    this.orderNumber = orderNumber;
  }
}

/** Class to contain sample Ownership data. */
static class Own {

  final long id;
  final long accountId;
  final Timestamp createTime;

  Own(long id, long accountId, Timestamp createTime) {
    this.id = id;
    this.accountId = accountId;
    this.createTime = createTime;
  }
}

static final List<Account> ACCOUNTS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Account(
            7, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z"), false, "Vacation Fund"),
        new Account(
            16, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z"), true, "Vacation Fund"),
        new Account(
            20, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z"), false, "Rainy Day Fund"));

static final List<Person> PERSONS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Person(
            1,
            "Alex",
            Timestamp.parseTimestamp("1991-12-21T00:00:00.12Z"),
            "Australia",
            " Adelaide"),
        new Person(
            2,
            "Dana",
            Timestamp.parseTimestamp("1980-10-31T00:00:00.12Z"),
            "Czech_Republic",
            "Moravia"),
        new Person(
            3, "Lee", Timestamp.parseTimestamp("1986-12-07T00:00:00.12Z"), "India", "Kollam"));

static final List<Transfer> TRANSFERS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Transfer(
            7, 16, 300.0, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-08-29T15:28:58.12Z"), "304330008004315"),
        new Transfer(
            7, 16, 100.0, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"), "304120005529714"),
        new Transfer(
            16,
            20,
            300.0,
            Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-09-25T02:36:14.12Z"),
            "103650009791820"),
        new Transfer(
            20, 7, 500.0, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"), "304120005529714"),
        new Transfer(
            20,
            16,
            200.0,
            Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-10-17T03:59:40.12Z"),
            "302290001255747"));

static final List<Own> OWNERSHIPS =
    Arrays.asList(
        new Own(1, 7, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z")),
        new Own(2, 20, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z")),
        new Own(3, 16, Timestamp.parseTimestamp("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z")));

static void insertData(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  List<Mutation> mutations = new ArrayList<>();
  for (Account account : ACCOUNTS) {
    mutations.add(
        Mutation.newInsertBuilder("Account")
            .set("id")
            .to(account.id)
            .set("create_time")
            .to(account.createTime)
            .set("is_blocked")
            .to(account.isBlocked)
            .set("nick_name")
            .to(account.nickName)
            .build());
  }
  for (Person person : PERSONS) {
    mutations.add(
        Mutation.newInsertBuilder("Person")
            .set("id")
            .to(person.id)
            .set("name")
            .to(person.name)
            .set("birthday")
            .to(person.birthday)
            .set("country")
            .to(person.country)
            .set("city")
            .to(person.city)
            .build());
  }
  for (Transfer transfer : TRANSFERS) {
    mutations.add(
        Mutation.newInsertBuilder("AccountTransferAccount")
            .set("id")
            .to(transfer.id)
            .set("to_id")
            .to(transfer.toId)
            .set("amount")
            .to(transfer.amount)
            .set("create_time")
            .to(transfer.createTime)
            .set("order_number")
            .to(transfer.orderNumber)
            .build());
  }
  for (Own own : OWNERSHIPS) {
    mutations.add(
        Mutation.newInsertBuilder("PersonOwnAccount")
            .set("id")
            .to(own.id)
            .set("account_id")
            .to(own.accountId)
            .set("create_time")
            .to(own.createTime)
            .build());
  }

  dbClient.write(mutations);
}

Go


import (
	"context"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
)

func parseTime(rfc3339Time string) time.Time {
	t, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, rfc3339Time)
	return t
}

func insertGraphData(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Values are inserted into the node and edge tables corresponding to
	// using Spanner 'Insert' mutations.
	// The tables and columns comply with the schema defined for the
	// property graph 'FinGraph', comprising 'Person' and 'Account' nodes,
	// and 'PersonOwnAccount' and 'AccountTransferAccount' edges.
	personColumns := []string{"id", "name", "birthday", "country", "city"}
	accountColumns := []string{"id", "create_time", "is_blocked", "nick_name"}
	ownColumns := []string{"id", "account_id", "create_time"}
	transferColumns := []string{"id", "to_id", "amount", "create_time", "order_number"}
	m := []*spanner.Mutation{
		spanner.Insert("Account", accountColumns,
			[]interface{}{7, parseTime("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z"), false, "Vacation Fund"}),
		spanner.Insert("Account", accountColumns,
			[]interface{}{16, parseTime("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z"), true, "Vacation Fund"}),
		spanner.Insert("Account", accountColumns,
			[]interface{}{20, parseTime("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z"), false, "Rainy Day Fund"}),
		spanner.Insert("Person", personColumns,
			[]interface{}{1, "Alex", parseTime("1991-12-21T00:00:00.12Z"), "Australia", " Adelaide"}),
		spanner.Insert("Person", personColumns,
			[]interface{}{2, "Dana", parseTime("1980-10-31T00:00:00.12Z"), "Czech_Republic", "Moravia"}),
		spanner.Insert("Person", personColumns,
			[]interface{}{3, "Lee", parseTime("1986-12-07T00:00:00.12Z"), "India", "Kollam"}),
		spanner.Insert("AccountTransferAccount", transferColumns,
			[]interface{}{7, 16, 300.0, parseTime("2020-08-29T15:28:58.12Z"), "304330008004315"}),
		spanner.Insert("AccountTransferAccount", transferColumns,
			[]interface{}{7, 16, 100.0, parseTime("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"), "304120005529714"}),
		spanner.Insert("AccountTransferAccount", transferColumns,
			[]interface{}{16, 20, 300.0, parseTime("2020-09-25T02:36:14.12Z"), "103650009791820"}),
		spanner.Insert("AccountTransferAccount", transferColumns,
			[]interface{}{20, 7, 500.0, parseTime("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"), "304120005529714"}),
		spanner.Insert("AccountTransferAccount", transferColumns,
			[]interface{}{20, 16, 200.0, parseTime("2020-10-17T03:59:40.12Z"), "302290001255747"}),
		spanner.Insert("PersonOwnAccount", ownColumns,
			[]interface{}{1, 7, parseTime("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z")}),
		spanner.Insert("PersonOwnAccount", ownColumns,
			[]interface{}{2, 20, parseTime("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z")}),
		spanner.Insert("PersonOwnAccount", ownColumns,
			[]interface{}{3, 16, parseTime("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z")}),
	}
	_, err = client.Apply(ctx, m)
	return err
}

C++

void InsertData(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  auto insert_accounts =
      spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
          "Account", {"id", "create_time", "is_blocked", "nick_name"})
          .EmplaceRow(7, spanner::Value("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z"), false,
                      "Vacation Fund")
          .EmplaceRow(16, spanner::Value("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z"), true,
                      "Vacation Fund")
          .EmplaceRow(20, spanner::Value("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z"), false,
                      "Rainy Day Fund")
          .Build();

  auto insert_persons =
      spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
          "Person", {"id", "name", "birthday", "country", "city"})
          .EmplaceRow(1, "Alex", spanner::Value("1991-12-21T00:00:00.12Z"),
                      "Australia", "Adelaide")
          .EmplaceRow(2, "Dana", spanner::Value("1980-10-31T00:00:00.12Z"),
                      "Czech_Republic", "Moravia")
          .EmplaceRow(3, "Lee", spanner::Value("1986-12-07T00:00:00.12Z"),
                      "India", "Kollam")
          .Build();

  auto insert_transfers =
      spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
          "AccountTransferAccount",
          {"id", "to_id", "amount", "create_time", "order_number"})
          .EmplaceRow(7, 16, 300.0, spanner::Value("2020-08-29T15:28:58.12Z"),
                      "304330008004315")
          .EmplaceRow(7, 16, 100.0, spanner::Value("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"),
                      "304120005529714")
          .EmplaceRow(16, 20, 300.0, spanner::Value("2020-09-25T02:36:14.12Z"),
                      "103650009791820")
          .EmplaceRow(20, 7, 500.0, spanner::Value("2020-10-04T16:55:05.12Z"),
                      "304120005529714")
          .EmplaceRow(20, 16, 200.0, spanner::Value("2020-10-17T03:59:40.12Z"),
                      "302290001255747")
          .Build();

  auto insert_ownerships =
      spanner::InsertMutationBuilder("PersonOwnAccount",
                                     {"id", "account_id", "create_time"})
          .EmplaceRow(1, 7, spanner::Value("2020-01-10T06:22:20.12Z"))
          .EmplaceRow(2, 20, spanner::Value("2020-01-27T17:55:09.12Z"))
          .EmplaceRow(3, 16, spanner::Value("2020-02-18T05:44:20.12Z"))
          .Build();

  auto commit_result = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      insert_accounts, insert_persons, insert_transfers, insert_ownerships});
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "Insert was successful [spanner_insert_graph_data]\n";
}

Le graphique suivant présente les personnes, les comptes, la propriété des comptes et les transferts de comptes issus des insertions:

Exemple de graphique.

Exécuter une requête de graphique

Cette section vous explique comment utiliser la console Google Cloud ou les bibliothèques clientes pour exécuter une requête de schéma de graphique Spanner.

Console

  1. Sur la page Présentation de la base de données, cliquez sur Spanner Studio dans le menu de navigation.

  2. Sur la page Spanner Studio, cliquez sur Nouvel onglet ou utilisez l'onglet de l'éditeur.

  3. Saisissez la requête suivante dans l'éditeur de requête. La requête trouve toutes les personnes à qui Dana a transféré de l'argent, ainsi que le montant de ces transferts.

    GRAPH FinGraph
    MATCH
      (from_person:Person {name: "Dana"})-[:Owns]->
      (from_account:Account)-[transfer:Transfers]->
      (to_account:Account)<-[:Owns]-(to_person:Person)
    RETURN
      from_person.name AS from_account_owner,
      from_account.id AS from_account_id,
      to_person.name AS to_account_owner,
      to_account.id AS to_account_id,
      transfer.amount AS amount
    
  4. Cliquez sur Exécuter.

    L'onglet Résultats affiche les chemins suivants de Dana à Account {id:20}:

    • À Account {id:7}, propriété d'Alex.
    • À Account {id:16} appartenant à Lee.

      Exemple de résultats de requête de graphique.

Bibliothèques clientes

Python

def query_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Queries sample data from the database using GQL."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        results = snapshot.execute_sql(
            """Graph FinGraph
            MATCH (a:Person)-[o:Owns]->()-[t:Transfers]->()<-[p:Owns]-(b:Person)
            RETURN a.name AS sender, b.name AS receiver, t.amount, t.create_time AS transfer_at"""
        )

        for row in results:
            print("sender: {}, receiver: {}, amount: {}, transfer_at: {}".format(*row))

Java

static void query(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
  try (ResultSet resultSet =
      dbClient
          .singleUse() // Execute a single query against Cloud Spanner.
          .executeQuery(
              Statement.of(
                  "Graph FinGraph MATCH"
                      + " (a:Person)-[o:Owns]->()-[t:Transfers]->()<-[p:Owns]-(b:Person)RETURN"
                      + " a.name AS sender, b.name AS receiver, t.amount, t.create_time AS"
                      + " transfer_at"))) {
    while (resultSet.next()) {
      System.out.printf(
          "%s %s %f %s\n",
          resultSet.getString(0),
          resultSet.getString(1),
          resultSet.getDouble(2),
          resultSet.getTimestamp(3));
    }
  }
}

Go


import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"

	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func queryGraphData(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := spanner.NewClient(ctx, db)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Execute a Spanner query statement comprising a graph query. Graph queries
	// are characterized by 'MATCH' statements describing node and edge
	// patterns.
	//
	// This statement finds entities ('Account's) owned by all 'Person's 'b' to
	// which transfers have been made by entities ('Account's) owned by any
	// 'Person' 'a' in the graph called 'FinGraph'. It then returns the names of
	// all such 'Person's 'a' and 'b', and the amount and time of the transfer.
	stmt := spanner.Statement{SQL: `Graph FinGraph 
		 MATCH (a:Person)-[o:Owns]->()-[t:Transfers]->()<-[p:Owns]-(b:Person)
		 RETURN a.name AS sender, b.name AS receiver, t.amount, t.create_time AS transfer_at`}
	iter := client.Single().Query(ctx, stmt)
	defer iter.Stop()

	// The results are returned in tabular form. Iterate over the
	// result rows and print them.
	for {
		row, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		var sender, receiver string
		var amount float64
		var transfer_at time.Time
		if err := row.Columns(&sender, &receiver, &amount, &transfer_at); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s %s %f %s\n", sender, receiver, amount, transfer_at.Format(time.RFC3339))
	}
}

C++

void QueryData(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  spanner::SqlStatement select(R"""(
    Graph FinGraph
    MATCH (a:Person)-[o:Owns]->()-[t:Transfers]->()<-[p:Owns]-(b:Person)
    RETURN a.name AS sender,
           b.name AS receiver,
           t.amount,
          t.create_time AS transfer_at
  )""");
  using RowType =
      std::tuple<std::string, std::string, double, spanner::Timestamp>;
  auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(std::move(select));
  for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "sender: " << std::get<0>(*row) << "\t";
    std::cout << "receiver: " << std::get<1>(*row) << "\t";
    std::cout << "amount: " << std::get<2>(*row) << "\t";
    std::cout << "transfer_at: " << std::get<3>(*row) << "\n";
  }

  std::cout << "Query completed for [spanner_query_graph_data]\n";
}

Effectuer un nettoyage

De nombreux exemples de la section Étape suivante utilisent les ressources que vous avez configurées dans ce document. Si vous souhaitez continuer à travailler avec Spanner Graph à l'aide de l'un de ces exemples, n'effectuez pas encore ces étapes de nettoyage. Cette section vous explique comment utiliser la console Google Cloud pour nettoyer vos ressources.

Sinon, pour éviter que des frais supplémentaires ne soient facturés sur votre compte de facturation Cloud, supprimez la base de données et l'instance que vous avez créées lors de la configuration. La suppression d'une instance entraîne automatiquement la suppression de toutes les bases de données créées dans celle-ci.

Supprimer la base de données

  1. Dans la console Google Cloud , accédez à la page Instances Spanner.

    Accéder aux instances Spanner

  2. Cliquez sur le nom de l'instance contenant la base de données que vous souhaitez supprimer, par exemple Instance de test.

  3. Cliquez sur le nom de la base de données que vous souhaitez supprimer, par exemple example-db.

  4. Sur la page Détails de la base de données, cliquez sur Supprimer la base de données.

  5. Confirmez que vous souhaitez supprimer la base de données en saisissant son nom, puis en cliquant sur Supprimer.

Supprimer l'instance

  1. Dans la console Google Cloud , accédez à la page Instances Spanner.

    Accéder aux instances Spanner

  2. Cliquez sur le nom de l'instance que vous souhaitez supprimer, par exemple Instance de test.

  3. Cliquez sur Supprimer l'instance.

  4. Confirmez que vous souhaitez supprimer l'instance en saisissant son nom et en cliquant sur Supprimer.

Étape suivante