Pembacaan terarah

Halaman ini menjelaskan pembacaan terarah Spanner dan cara menggunakannya.

Pembacaan terarah di Spanner memberikan fleksibilitas untuk merutekan transaksi hanya baca dan pembacaan tunggal ke jenis replika atau region tertentu dalam konfigurasi instance multi-region atau konfigurasi regional kustom dengan region hanya baca opsional.

Manfaat

Pembacaan terarah menawarkan manfaat berikut:

• Memberikan lebih banyak kontrol atas beban kerja load balancing di beberapa region untuk mencapai penggunaan CPU yang lebih seragam dan menghindari penyediaan berlebih instance Spanner.
• Aktifkan isolasi beban kerja. Anda dapat mengarahkan workload analisis dan pembacaan aliran perubahan ke replika Spanner tertentu untuk meminimalkan dampak pada workload transaksional yang berjalan di database Spanner yang sama.

Operasi kueri yang didukung

Operasi kueri	Apakah pembacaan terarah didukung?
Pembacaan yang sudah tidak berlaku	Ya
Pembacaan andal	Ya
Transaksi baca-tulis	Tidak

Pembacaan terarah tidak didukung untuk transaksi baca-tulis dan jenis update massal DML berpartisi. Hal ini karena transaksi baca-tulis harus diproses di region pemimpin. Jika pembacaan terarah digunakan dalam transaksi baca-tulis, transaksi akan gagal dengan error BAD_REQUEST.

Batasan

Operasi baca terarah Spanner memiliki batasan berikut:

• Anda hanya dapat menggunakan pembacaan terarah di instance Spanner yang berada dalam konfigurasi instance multi-region atau konfigurasi regional kustom dengan region hanya baca opsional.
• Anda tidak dapat menggunakan pembacaan terarah dengan permintaan baca-tulis karena permintaan tulis selalu ditayangkan oleh region pemimpin.
• Anda tidak dapat menggunakan pembacaan terarah di konsol Google Cloud atau Google Cloud CLI. API ini tersedia menggunakan REST dan RPC API serta library klien Spanner.
• Anda dapat menentukan maksimal 10 replika dalam satu operasi baca terarah.

Sebelum memulai

Pertimbangkan hal-hal berikut sebelum Anda menggunakan pembacaan terarah:

• Aplikasi mungkin mengalami latensi tambahan jika Anda merutekan operasi baca ke replika atau region selain yang paling dekat dengan aplikasi.
• Anda dapat merutekan traffic berdasarkan:
  • Nama region (Misalnya: us-central1).
  • Jenis replika (Nilai yang mungkin: READ_ONLY dan READ_WRITE).
• Opsi failover otomatis dalam pembacaan terarah diaktifkan secara default. Jika opsi failover otomatis diaktifkan dan semua replika yang ditentukan tidak tersedia atau tidak sehat, Spanner akan merutekan permintaan ke replika di luar daftar includeReplicas. Jika Anda menonaktifkan opsi failover otomatis dan semua replika yang ditentukan tidak tersedia atau tidak sehat, permintaan pembacaan terarah akan gagal.

Parameter pembacaan terarah

Jika menggunakan REST atau RPC API untuk melakukan pembacaan terarah, Anda harus menentukan kolom ini dalam parameter directedReadOptions. Anda hanya dapat menyertakan salah satu dari includeReplicas atau excludeReplicas, bukan keduanya.

• includeReplicas: Berisi kumpulan replicaSelections berulang. Daftar ini menunjukkan urutan pembacaan terarah ke region atau jenis replika tertentu yang harus dipertimbangkan. Anda dapat menentukan maksimum 10 includeReplicas.

  • replicaSelections: Terdiri dari location atau replika type yang menayangkan permintaan pembacaan terarah. Jika menggunakan includeReplicas, Anda harus memberikan setidaknya salah satu kolom berikut:

    • location: Lokasi yang menayangkan permintaan pembacaan terarah. Lokasi harus merupakan salah satu region dalam konfigurasi multi-region database Anda. Jika lokasi bukan salah satu region dalam konfigurasi multi-region database Anda, permintaan tidak akan dirutekan seperti yang diharapkan. Sebagai gantinya, iklan tersebut ditayangkan oleh wilayah terdekat. Misalnya, Anda dapat mengarahkan pembacaan ke lokasi us-central1 pada database dalam konfigurasi instance multi-region nam6.

      Anda juga dapat menentukan parameter location dengan literal string leader atau non-leader. Jika Anda memasukkan nilai leader, Spanner akan mengarahkan permintaan Anda ke replika pemimpin database. Sebaliknya, jika Anda memasukkan nilai non-leader, Spanner akan memenuhi permintaan di replika non-pemimpin terdekat.

    • type: Jenis replika yang menayangkan permintaan pembacaan terarah. Kemungkinan jenisnya mencakup READ_WRITE dan READ_ONLY.

  • autoFailoverDisabled: Secara default, nilai ini ditetapkan ke False, yang berarti failover otomatis diaktifkan. Jika opsi failover otomatis diaktifkan, dan semua replika yang ditentukan tidak tersedia atau tidak berfungsi, Spanner akan merutekan permintaan ke replika di luar daftar includeReplicas. Jika Anda menonaktifkan opsi failover otomatis dan semua replika yang ditentukan tidak tersedia atau tidak sehat, permintaan pembacaan terarah akan gagal. Nilai yang mungkin mencakup TRUE untuk nonaktif dan FALSE untuk aktif.

• excludeReplicas: Berisi kumpulan replicaSelections berulang yang dikecualikan dari permintaan penayangan. Spanner tidak merutekan permintaan ke replika dalam daftar ini.

  • replicaSelections: Jenis lokasi atau replika yang dikecualikan dari penayangan permintaan pembacaan terarah. Jika menggunakan excludeReplicas, Anda harus memberikan setidaknya salah satu kolom berikut:
    • location: Lokasi yang dikecualikan dari penayangan permintaan pembacaan terarah.
    • type: Jenis replika yang dikecualikan dari menayangkan permintaan pembacaan terarah. Kemungkinan jenisnya mencakup READ_WRITE dan READ_ONLY.

Untuk melihat contoh tampilan isi permintaan REST, klik tab REST di bagian Gunakan pembacaan terarah.

Menggunakan pembacaan terarah

Anda dapat menggunakan library klien Spanner serta REST dan RPC API untuk melakukan pembacaan terarah.

Library klien

C++

void DirectedRead(std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
                  std::string const& database_id) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  // Create a client with a DirectedReadOption.
  auto client = spanner::Client(
      spanner::MakeConnection(
          spanner::Database(project_id, instance_id, database_id)),
      google::cloud::Options{}.set<spanner::DirectedReadOption>(
          spanner::ExcludeReplicas({spanner::ReplicaSelection("us-east4")})));

  spanner::SqlStatement select(
      "SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums");
  using RowType = std::tuple<std::int64_t, std::int64_t, std::string>;

  // A DirectedReadOption on the operation will override the option set
  // at the client level.
  auto rows = client.ExecuteQuery(
      std::move(select),
      google::cloud::Options{}.set<spanner::DirectedReadOption>(
          spanner::IncludeReplicas(
              {spanner::ReplicaSelection(spanner::ReplicaType::kReadWrite)},
              /*auto_failover_disabled=*/true)));
  for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(rows)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "SingerId: " << std::get<0>(*row)
              << " AlbumId: " << std::get<1>(*row)
              << " AlbumTitle: " << std::get<2>(*row) << "\n";
  }
  std::cout << "Read completed for [spanner_directed_read]\n";
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using Google.Cloud.Spanner.V1;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class DirectedReadsAsyncSample
{
    public class Album
    {
        public int SingerId { get; set; }
        public int AlbumId { get; set; }
        public string AlbumTitle { get; set; }
    }

    public async Task<List<Album>> DirectedReadsAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);

        using var cmd = connection.CreateSelectCommand("SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums");
        // Set directed read options on a query or read command.
        cmd.DirectedReadOptions = new DirectedReadOptions
        {
            IncludeReplicas = new DirectedReadOptions.Types.IncludeReplicas
            {
                AutoFailoverDisabled = true,
                ReplicaSelections =
                {
                    new DirectedReadOptions.Types.ReplicaSelection
                    {
                        Location = "us-central1",
                        Type = DirectedReadOptions.Types.ReplicaSelection.Types.Type.ReadOnly
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        var albums = new List<Album>();
        using var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync();
        while (await reader.ReadAsync())
        {
            albums.Add(new Album
            {
                AlbumId = reader.GetFieldValue<int>("AlbumId"),
                SingerId = reader.GetFieldValue<int>("SingerId"),
                AlbumTitle = reader.GetFieldValue<string>("AlbumTitle")
            });
        }
        return albums;
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner"
	sppb "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/apiv1/spannerpb"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

//	Shows how to run a query with directed read options.
//	Only one of ExcludeReplicas or IncludeReplicas can be set
//	Each accepts a list of ReplicaSelections which contains Location and Type
//	* `location` - The location must be one of the regions within the
//	multi-region configuration of your database.
//	* `type` - The type of the replica
//	Some examples of using replica_selectors are:
//	* `location:us-east1` --> The "us-east1" replica(s) of any available type
//		will be used to process the request.
//	* `type:READ_ONLY`    --> The "READ_ONLY" type replica(s) in nearest
//	available location will be used to process the
//	request.
//	* `location:us-east1 type:READ_ONLY` --> The "READ_ONLY" type replica(s)
//	in location "us-east1" will be used to process the request.
//		IncludeReplicas also contains an option for AutoFailoverDisabled which when set
//	Spanner will not route requests to a replica outside the
//	IncludeReplicas list when all the specified replicas are unavailable
//	or unhealthy. The default value is `false`

func directedReadOptions(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	// db = `projects/<project>/instances/<instance-id>/database/<database-id>`
	ctx := context.Background()
	directedReadOptionsForClient := &sppb.DirectedReadOptions{
		Replicas: &sppb.DirectedReadOptions_ExcludeReplicas_{
			ExcludeReplicas: &sppb.DirectedReadOptions_ExcludeReplicas{
				ReplicaSelections: []*sppb.DirectedReadOptions_ReplicaSelection{
					{
						Location: "us-east4",
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	// DirectedReadOptions can be set at client level and will be used in all read-only transaction requests
	client, err := spanner.NewClientWithConfig(ctx, db, spanner.ClientConfig{DirectedReadOptions: directedReadOptionsForClient})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// DirectedReadOptions set at Request level will override the options set at Client level.
	directedReadOptionsForRequest := &sppb.DirectedReadOptions{
		Replicas: &sppb.DirectedReadOptions_IncludeReplicas_{
			IncludeReplicas: &sppb.DirectedReadOptions_IncludeReplicas{
				ReplicaSelections: []*sppb.DirectedReadOptions_ReplicaSelection{
					{
						Type: sppb.DirectedReadOptions_ReplicaSelection_READ_ONLY,
					},
				},
				AutoFailoverDisabled: true,
			},
		},
	}

	statement := spanner.Statement{SQL: `SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums`}
	// // Read rows while passing directedReadOptions directly to the query.
	iter := client.Single().QueryWithOptions(ctx, statement, spanner.QueryOptions{DirectedReadOptions: directedReadOptionsForRequest})
	defer iter.Stop()
	for {
		row, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		var singerID, albumID int64
		var albumTitle string
		if err := row.Columns(&singerID, &albumID, &albumTitle); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d %d %s\n", singerID, albumID, albumTitle)
	}
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.DatabaseId;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Options;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.ResultSet;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.Statement;
import com.google.spanner.v1.DirectedReadOptions;
import com.google.spanner.v1.DirectedReadOptions.ExcludeReplicas;
import com.google.spanner.v1.DirectedReadOptions.IncludeReplicas;
import com.google.spanner.v1.DirectedReadOptions.ReplicaSelection;

public class DirectedReadSample {
  static void directedRead() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    final String projectId = "my-project";
    final String instanceId = "my-instance";
    final String databaseId = "my-database";
    directedRead(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
  }

  static void directedRead(String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId) {
    // Only one of excludeReplicas or includeReplicas can be set
    // Each accepts a list of replicaSelections which contains location and type
    //   * `location` - The location must be one of the regions within the
    //      multi-region configuration of your database.
    //   * `type` - The type of the replica
    // Some examples of using replicaSelectors are:
    //   * `location:us-east1` --> The "us-east1" replica(s) of any available type
    //                             will be used to process the request.
    //   * `type:READ_ONLY`    --> The "READ_ONLY" type replica(s) in nearest
    // .                            available location will be used to process the
    //                             request.
    //   * `location:us-east1 type:READ_ONLY` --> The "READ_ONLY" type replica(s)
    //                          in location "us-east1" will be used to process
    //                          the request.
    //  includeReplicas also contains an option called autoFailoverDisabled, which when set to true
    //  will instruct Spanner to not route requests to a replica outside the
    //  includeReplicas list when all the specified replicas are unavailable
    //  or unhealthy. Default value is `false`.
    final DirectedReadOptions directedReadOptionsForClient =
        DirectedReadOptions.newBuilder()
            .setExcludeReplicas(
                ExcludeReplicas.newBuilder()
                    .addReplicaSelections(
                        ReplicaSelection.newBuilder().setLocation("us-east4").build())
                    .build())
            .build();

    // You can set default `DirectedReadOptions` for a Spanner client. These options will be applied
    // to all read-only transactions that are executed by this client, unless specific
    // DirectedReadOptions are set for a query.
    // Directed read can only be used for read-only transactions. The default options will be
    // ignored for any read/write transaction that the client executes.
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .setDirectedReadOptions(directedReadOptionsForClient)
            .build()
            .getService()) {
      final DatabaseClient dbClient =
          spanner.getDatabaseClient(DatabaseId.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId));

      // DirectedReadOptions at request level will override the options set at
      // client level (through SpannerOptions).
      final DirectedReadOptions directedReadOptionsForRequest =
          DirectedReadOptions.newBuilder()
              .setIncludeReplicas(
                  IncludeReplicas.newBuilder()
                      .addReplicaSelections(
                          ReplicaSelection.newBuilder()
                              .setType(ReplicaSelection.Type.READ_WRITE)
                              .build())
                      .setAutoFailoverDisabled(true)
                      .build())
              .build();

      // Read rows while passing DirectedReadOptions directly to the query.
      try (ResultSet rs =
          dbClient
              .singleUse()
              .executeQuery(
                  Statement.of("SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums"),
                  Options.directedRead(directedReadOptionsForRequest))) {
        while (rs.next()) {
          System.out.printf(
              "SingerId: %d, AlbumId: %d, AlbumTitle: %s\n",
              rs.getLong(0), rs.getLong(1), rs.getString(2));
        }
        System.out.println("Successfully executed read-only transaction with directedReadOptions");
      }
    }
  }
}

Node.js

// Imports the Google Cloud Spanner client library
const {Spanner, protos} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// Only one of excludeReplicas or includeReplicas can be set
// Each accepts a list of replicaSelections which contains location and type
//   * `location` - The location must be one of the regions within the
//      multi-region configuration of your database.
//   * `type` - The type of the replica
// Some examples of using replicaSelectors are:
//   * `location:us-east1` --> The "us-east1" replica(s) of any available type
//                             will be used to process the request.
//   * `type:READ_ONLY`    --> The "READ_ONLY" type replica(s) in nearest
//.                            available location will be used to process the
//                             request.
//   * `location:us-east1 type:READ_ONLY` --> The "READ_ONLY" type replica(s)
//                          in location "us-east1" will be used to process
//                          the request.
//  includeReplicas also contains an option for autoFailover which when set
//  Spanner will not route requests to a replica outside the
//  includeReplicas list when all the specified replicas are unavailable
//  or unhealthy. The default value is `false`
const directedReadOptionsForClient = {
  excludeReplicas: {
    replicaSelections: [
      {
        location: 'us-east4',
      },
    ],
  },
};

// Instantiates a client with directedReadOptions
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
  directedReadOptions: directedReadOptionsForClient,
});

async function spannerDirectedReads() {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner instance and backup
  const instance = spanner.instance(instanceId);
  const database = instance.database(databaseId);
  const directedReadOptionsForRequest = {
    includeReplicas: {
      replicaSelections: [
        {
          type: protos.google.spanner.v1.DirectedReadOptions.ReplicaSelection
            .Type.READ_ONLY,
        },
      ],
      autoFailoverDisabled: true,
    },
  };

  await database.getSnapshot(async (err, transaction) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error(err);
      return;
    }
    try {
      // Read rows while passing directedReadOptions directly to the query.
      // These will override the options passed at Client level.
      const [rows] = await transaction.run({
        sql: 'SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums',
        directedReadOptions: directedReadOptionsForRequest,
      });
      rows.forEach(row => {
        const json = row.toJSON();
        console.log(
          `SingerId: ${json.SingerId}, AlbumId: ${json.AlbumId}, AlbumTitle: ${json.AlbumTitle}`
        );
      });
      console.log(
        'Successfully executed read-only transaction with directedReadOptions'
      );
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('ERROR:', err);
    } finally {
      transaction.end();
      // Close the database when finished.
      await database.close();
    }
  });
}
spannerDirectedReads();

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\SpannerClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\V1\DirectedReadOptions\ReplicaSelection\Type as ReplicaType;

/**
 * Queries sample data from the database with directed read options.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * directed_read($instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function directed_read(string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $directedReadOptionsForClient = [
        'directedReadOptions' => [
            'excludeReplicas' => [
                'replicaSelections' => [
                    [
                        'location' => 'us-east4'
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ];

    $directedReadOptionsForRequest = [
        'directedReadOptions' => [
            'includeReplicas' => [
                'replicaSelections' => [
                    [
                        'type' => ReplicaType::READ_WRITE
                    ]
                ],
                'autoFailoverDisabled' => true
            ]
        ]
    ];

    $spanner = new SpannerClient($directedReadOptionsForClient);
    $instance = $spanner->instance($instanceId);
    $database = $instance->database($databaseId);
    $snapshot = $database->snapshot();

    // directedReadOptions at Request level will override the options set at
    // Client level
    $results = $snapshot->execute(
        'SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums',
        $directedReadOptionsForRequest
    );

    foreach ($results as $row) {
        printf('SingerId: %s, AlbumId: %s, AlbumTitle: %s' . PHP_EOL,
            $row['SingerId'], $row['AlbumId'], $row['AlbumTitle']);
    }
}

Python

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

directed_read_options_for_client = {
    "exclude_replicas": {
        "replica_selections": [
            {
                "location": "us-east4",
            },
        ],
    },
}

# directed_read_options can be set at client level and will be used in all
# read-only transaction requests
spanner_client = spanner.Client(
    directed_read_options=directed_read_options_for_client
)
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

directed_read_options_for_request = {
    "include_replicas": {
        "replica_selections": [
            {
                "type_": DirectedReadOptions.ReplicaSelection.Type.READ_ONLY,
            },
        ],
        "auto_failover_disabled": True,
    },
}

with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
    # Read rows while passing directed_read_options directly to the query.
    # These will override the options passed at Client level.
    results = snapshot.execute_sql(
        "SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums",
        directed_read_options=directed_read_options_for_request,
    )

    for row in results:
        print("SingerId: {}, AlbumId: {}, AlbumTitle: {}".format(*row))

Ruby

require "google/cloud/spanner"

##
# This is a snippet for showcasing how to pass in directed read options.
#
# @param project_id  [String] The ID of the Google Cloud project.
# @param instance_id [String] The ID of the spanner instance.
# @param database_id [String] The ID of the database.
#
def spanner_directed_read project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  # Only one of exclude_replicas or include_replicas can be set.
  # Each accepts a list of replica_selections which contains location and type
  #   * `location` - The location must be one of the regions within the
  #      multi-region configuration of your database.
  #   * `type` - The type of the replica
  # Some examples of using replicaSelectors are:
  #   * `location:us-east1` --> The "us-east1" replica(s) of any available type
  #                             will be used to process the request.
  #   * `type:READ_ONLY`    --> The "READ_ONLY" type replica(s) in the nearest
  # .                            available location will be used to process the
  #                             request.
  #   * `location:us-east1 type:READ_ONLY` --> The "READ_ONLY" type replica(s)
  #                          in location "us-east1" will be used to process
  #                          the request.
  #  include_replicas also contains an option for auto_failover_disabled. If set
  #  Spanner will not route requests to a replica outside the
  #  include_replicas list even if all the specified replicas are
  #  unavailable or unhealthy. The default value is `false`.
  directed_read_options_for_client = {
    include_replicas: {
      replica_selections: [{ location: "us-east4" }]
    }
  }

  # Instantiates a client with directedReadOptions
  spanner = Google::Cloud::Spanner.new project: project_id
  client  = spanner.client instance_id, database_id, directed_read_options: directed_read_options_for_client

  directed_read_options = {
    include_replicas: {
      replica_selections: [{ type: "READ_WRITE" }],
      auto_failover_disabled: true
    }
  }

  result = client.execute_sql "SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums", directed_read_options: directed_read_options
  result.rows.each do |row|
    puts "SingerId: #{row[:SingerId]}"
    puts "AlbumId: #{row[:AlbumId]}"
    puts "AlbumTitle: #{row[:AlbumTitle]}"
  end
  puts "Successfully executed read-only transaction with directed_read_options"
end

REST

Anda dapat menggunakan REST API berikut untuk melakukan pembacaan terarah:

• executeSql
• executeStreamingSql
• read
• streamingRead

Misalnya, untuk melakukan pembacaan terarah di us-central1 menggunakan executeSQL:

1. Klik projects.instances.databases.sessions.executeSql.

2. Untuk session, masukkan:

   projects/<VAR>PROJECT-ID</VAR>/instances/<VAR>INSTANCE-ID</VAR>/databases/<VAR>DATABASE-ID</VAR>/sessions/<VAR>SESSION-ID</VAR>
   

   Ganti kode berikut:

   • PROJECT-ID: project ID.
   • INSTANCE-ID: ID instance.
   • DATABASE-ID: ID database.
   • SESSION-ID: ID sesi. Anda menerima nilai SESSION-ID saat membuat sesi.

3. Untuk Isi permintaan, gunakan kode berikut:

   {
     "directedReadOptions": {
       "includeReplicas": {
         "replicaSelections": [
           {
             "location": "us-central1",
           }
         ]
       }
     },
     "sql": "SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums"
   }
   

4. Klik Jalankan. Responsnya akan menampilkan hasil kueri.

RPC

Anda dapat menggunakan RPC API berikut untuk melakukan pembacaan terarah:

• ExecuteSql
• ExecuteStreamingSql
• Read
• StreamingRead

Pemantauan

Spanner menyediakan metrik latensi untuk membantu Anda memantau aktivitas pembacaan terarah di instance. Metrik ini tersedia di Cloud Monitoring.

• spanner.googleapis.com/api/read_request_latencies_by_serving_location

Anda dapat memfilter metrik ini menggunakan kolom /serving_location atau /is_directed_read. Kolom /serving location menunjukkan lokasi server Spanner tempat permintaan disalurkan. Kolom /is_directed_read menunjukkan apakah opsi pembacaan terarah diaktifkan.

Untuk mengetahui daftar lengkap metrik yang tersedia, lihat daftar metrik untuk Spanner.

Langkah selanjutnya

• Pelajari cara melakukan Pembacaan di luar transaksi.